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Drew Westen

Drew Westen

Posted January 13, 2009 | 08:51 PM (EST)

Difficult Dilemmas in Word and Deed: The Costs and Benefits of Bipartisan Rhetoric in Resuscitating an Ailing Economy



I couldn't help but smile watching President-elect Obama last weekend on This Week. He will clearly restore many things to the White House, not the least of which is a badly-needed third digit to the presidential IQ. Obama never seemed all that comfortable in venues like the Sunday morning shows as a candidate, yet something has clearly changed since the day he became President-elect, beginning with his first press conference. Watching him this Sunday on This Week, I couldn't remember the last time I saw a president (let alone a president-elect facing the challenges that already appear to be graying his hair) so comfortable, so serious yet at ease, sober yet radiating hope, non-defensive in response to tough questions--in a word, in command. The psychological impact on the nation of having steady, seemingly imperturbable hands at the helm will no doubt influence the speed of any economic recovery, as that recovery will depend in part on when consumers, employers, and investors feel like we have found our sea legs.

Precisely what course Obama and his economic team should chart is the subject of tremendous debate among economists and policymakers, with a number of voices, including on his own team, increasingly cautioning against caution. Yet the dilemmas Obama faces are not just in what he does but in what he says and does not say, because what he says as he tries to lead the nation out of the first Depression of the 21st Century will influence not only its course but the likelihood that the ideology that produced it will rise again from its ashes--or that from this national debacle will emerge a new view of the role of government to replace the New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt and the Raw Deal of George W. Bush.

As a number of commentators have recently noted, the events of the last few months should have etched indelibly on the national psyche the conclusion that laissez faire, robber-baron capitalism--the Great Idea of the conservative movement--has proven a dreadful failure. We have painfully relearned in this century the lesson our grandparents learned during the Great Depression of the last, that the appropriate alternative to an oppressive state is not a negligent, impotent one.

George W. Bush and the Republican Congress did not abandon the legacy of Ronald Reagan. They fulfilled it. Reagan branded in the popular imagination the notion that "government is the problem, not the solution." Bush and his ideological counterparts in Congress took that philosophy to its logical conclusion, dismantling as many of the safeguards and safety nets put in place since the New Deal as they had time to dismantle. They preached the gospel of unregulated greed, arguing that what's good for unscrupulous lenders and multinationals en route to Dubai is good for America, and we all paid the price. That should be the Great Lesson of the first Great Depression of the 21st Century.

But lessons require study, and narratives require telling. In the hands of a powerful story-teller, a powerful story can last for generations. Reagan's branding of government as an evil--and not a necessary one--has flourished for 30 years, and it continues to flourish in the pronouncements of Republican Senators and Congressmen--McConnell, Shelby, Corker, Boehner, Cornyn, to name a few--who have suddenly re-found religion, as they proclaim that deficits (unless created for the benefit of the few) are a terrible burden on our children and grandchildren. Precisely the same people who squandered the Clinton legacy of balanced budgets and surpluses as far as the eye could see, leaving us eight years later with an economy in tatters and a single-year budget deficit above a trillion dollars, are now warning of the dangers of "tax and spend" and preaching the fiscal conservatism they abandoned when their friends were the beneficiaries of their economic philosophy of borrow-and-spend.

Today, at least for now, their message is less resonant with the public than the message of "do something--anything." And perhaps Americans will draw the causal connection between government investment and intervention and the economic relief that hopefully will follow within two, three, four, or however many years it takes for the Obama team and some good luck to get us out of this mess.

But perhaps they won't.

Americans aren't supporting the new president-in-transition in unprecedented numbers because they've studied Keynes. They're supporting him because they're frightened and want to try something new, and he isn't and will. Six in ten Americans had no idea after the election what Obama intended to do about the economy but they thought it would work. No one has really explained to the average American, in language that is clear and compelling, why deficits are sometimes a good thing and sometimes a bad thing--why they were a bad thing when they went to subsidize tax cuts to the super-rich and a war that was apparently important enough to pay for with our children's money but not if it involved our own economic sacrifice, and why deficit spending and government investment and jobs creation are essential when the economy is caught in a downward spiral.

Despite the dramatic economic downturn of the last four months, the concept of "government as the problem" remains firmly embedded in the minds of most voters. It will take not only an active and effective government that leads us out of the Depression but a consistent narrative over many years to change what most Americans unconsciously hold to be self-evident.

And herein lies one of the great dilemmas facing Obama as the communicator-in-chief. He ran as both the candidate of change and the candidate of pragmatism and bipartisan action. So does he tell the story of our economic collapse and what we need to do about it without mentioning that someone actually caused it? Or does he do what Roosevelt did, and make clear from the start that the Depression we are facing is not a matter of impersonal, natural business cycles that wax and wane but a man-made disaster, and that an actively created disaster requires an actively created response?

Does he reach across the aisle to the people who engineered the problems that bedevil him, who want none of his bipartisan pragmatism and would rather use federal loans to GM and Chrysler as an opportunity to continue the Reagan-Bush policies of union bashing and union busting, blaming failures of management, a crisis of consumer confidence, and a credit crunch that makes the purchase of any new car (including a Toyota) impossible, on greedy union workers? Or does he ask Boehner and Shelby whether they truly believe we should give up American-quality jobs with hard-won American benefits and environmental and safety standards and embrace as our model the wages and benefits of Chinese, Indian, and Mexican workers?

I do not ask these questions because I have the answers. I ask them because they need to be asked. FDR offered a forward-looking message of hope and fortitude and economic experimentation until we had it right, but he ran against Hoover even when Hoover was no longer on the ballot. He understood that the ideology that had led to the Great Depression was a formidable foe that would not go away easily, and he built a new consensus against that foe that lasted 50 years. If Obama wants to stand above the fray (at least as long as the Republicans in Congress will let him), he may do well to anoint a surrogate with enough authority and ability to grab the headlines (e.g., Joe Biden, who has both the gravitas and the sense of humor to respond to the likes of Boehner and McConnell) to remind voters over and over what they need to know and remember: that it took a group of wrong-headed, self-serving ideologues several years to destroy our economy, and that their radical conservative ideology is the problem, not the solution.

Drew Westen, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at Emory University, founder of Westen Strategies, and author of "The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation."

 
 
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08:43 PM on 01/17/2009
(part II/II)

Here's another challenge, for those who truly like challenges - and it is directly inspired by the dilemmas you describe for Obama in this post: how to tell the story as it is now - the causation, the narrative, the story, the blues... without enabling the Orwellian historiographers to make the deluded claim that telling the story is an expression of victor's justice?

Again, this is truly a luxory problem to have. I know that. We can be glad to have this problem - on top of the real ones - instead of having the problem of a lost election - on top of the real ones. But I think it is a well-placed problem. Could be a pace-setter. Thanks for the inspiring post.
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08:42 PM on 01/17/2009
(part I/II)
First of all, the grey hair accumulating on Obama's head will mainly serve to boost the respect he has among bankers - that's clear isn't it?

'We have painfully relearned in this century the lesson our grandparents learned during the Great Depression of the last, that the appropriate alternative to an oppressive state is not a negligent, impotent one.'

And didn't Milton Friedman look like grandpa all along?

'But lessons require study, and narratives require telling. In the hands of a powerful story-teller, a powerful story can last for generations. Reagan's branding of government as an evil--and not a necessary one--has flourished for 30 years'

positively nailed it.

'it took a group of wrong-headed, self-serving ideologues several years to destroy our economy, and ... their radical conservative ideology is the problem, not the solution.'

I noted elsewhere on this site the need to create the Anti- John Galt meme. Are you with me? It's gonna be a tough job, you know. All the arguments and all the voices have been out there for decades. No result.
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shoutingatmytv
09:48 AM on 01/15/2009
Another great post by Dr. Westen, and thanks. I think the answer is in labelling the ideology, not the people who subscribed to it, and declaring an intention to "put out the fire", as MDHutchinson put it. Adding that "we're not going to blame conservative ideologues for starting the fire" is also a critical component of the narrative, but the most important part is to to take down the ideology itself.

Having been "a proud footsoldier in the Reagan revolution" has to change from being a political point of pride to being an admission that the speaker was one of those "footsoldiers" whose muddy boots trashed the most successful economy in the history of the world for the sake of temporary political and economic gain. Pointing out the motives isn't necessary, though, just the shortsightedness, the staggering debt that future generations will have to pay to get us out of this mess, and the failure of Reagan's ideology. Once they understand the cause of "the fire", they'll figure out who caused it themselves.

Obama was very effective at this during the campaign, in part because he was able to recognize that this ideology, while espoused primarily by Republicans, also infected Democratic politics. If he can and does keep up that rhetoric, it will succeed, and if he has the courage to fight for the progressive principles that those footsoldiers trashed, he'll build another progressive coalition that lasts for generations.
04:28 PM on 01/15/2009
Obama was not particularly effective at denouncing the anti-government ideology during the election. It took the largest market meltdown in several decades to actually push him over the top. This is largely because he doesn't really want to debate it. He seems to have fixed in his head the idea that civility automatically produces cooperation. In reality, the two are only partially correlated.

Obama won't fight for progressive ideals, either. It's not a question of courage, but another fixed idea, that America's greatest problem is disunity. That his first priority is healing the wounds of partisan rancor. He thinks he can have his cake and eat it too, and by the time he realizes otherwise, this poisonous ideology will have regrouped to plague us for decades more.
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DaveCarroll4
Retired Substance Abuse Counselor. Long-time Democ
06:14 PM on 01/14/2009
"The People" made their voice very clear when they elected Barack Obama. They trust "Him" and the ideas he has professed to them. Yet, again, we hear a Congress that just doesn't get it. They made it sound kind of investigative, yet very freely gave 350 billion taxpayer dollars to Bankers who did none of the things they were supposed to with it (used it as buy-out capital swallowing up other less fortunate banks). Now, Mr. Obama wants them to give that same thing to the people paying the bill, and Congress is saber rattling about minutia, and sounding like the elitists that they are, actually afraid to empower the very people who pay their damned salaries, and Mercedes payments. They live in multi-million dollar homes while we're losing our hundred thousand dollar homes (if we are fortunate enough to even have one). Congress is the "problem", and Obama is the solution. Congress had best listen, because the people are fed up. They can all be replaced!
05:23 PM on 01/14/2009
Dear Drew,

Maybe more accurate accountability might be more productive than your derision of President Bush's double-digit IQ. or his other notable ineptitude.

So, for the record, please also take note oft President William Jefferson Clinton (IQ 137.)
1. Clinton signed NAFTA on December 8, 1993: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement
2. Clinton repealed The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 on November 12 1999:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass-Steagal
3. Clinton signed PNTR for China on October 10, 2000:
http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa091900a.htm

All three have also been endorsed by Hillary Rodham Clinton (iQ 140). All three have been cited as central components of the 90's economic bubble and all three also as central to the dire economic crisis we Americans now confront. So, you do the math,

Best regards,

RLC
06:35 PM on 01/14/2009
Isn't Bill Clinton a conservative? Americans act like their political parties are sports teams. I'm just a musician but trickle down is BS. 2 ways to have more. Make more (if the demand is there) or take a bigger cut of what's there. It seems to me the conservative idea is to make more and take a bigger cut. GREEEEEDY....
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hangdogit
Progressive with some Libertarian (abolish DEA).
07:25 PM on 01/14/2009
Clinton was a corporate Democrat who had a House under the Reagan-protege Gingrich for 6 of his 8 years. The "government is bad" philosophy of Reagan was still alive in the 90's -- not discredited until the crash of '08 -- and still alive in many voter's heads even now.
05:08 PM on 01/14/2009
Indeed, it is going to be a major task to convince the public that deficits are necessary and appropriate, after all the falsehoods about "government" sold to them since Reagan.

But there is a huge question we should all demand an answer to:

Why do we have to borrow the money to cover those deficits?

Why exactly do we borrow money and pay interest on it, money we let the banks create from nothing? Why does almost all our money start out being owned by banks, plus the interest it earns? Why can't it start out being owned by us, the people as represented by the government, so we don't have to pay interest on it?
02:32 PM on 01/14/2009
No one has explained why this has happened? Check out Peter Schiff on YouTube. After that buy his book Crash Proof which explains everything with simple analogies. The guy called the economic crisis years ago. GOVERNMENT, republicans and democrats, over time has caused the economic crisis.
04:09 PM on 01/14/2009
Schiff also said the US was going to collapse in 2001 and 2002 and the dollar was going to be worthless. That means he missed the entire 2002 to 2008 boom period. Schiff also said a few years ago that we'd have hyperinflation by now and no one would want to hold dollars. He was wrong. People are buying more dollar, not less. There is deflation and nothing remotely close to resembling hyperinflation.
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FearlessFreep
A radical leftist with a JS Woodsworth avatar.
08:56 PM on 01/14/2009
Maybe his predictions were just too early.
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iblogleft
Certifiable
02:31 PM on 01/14/2009
Excellent read. I would be interested to know where you stand on drug prohibition and the war on drugs. Thank you for writing this piece.
02:14 PM on 01/14/2009
Sundialsvc4 nailed it. These people need to go to jail. If there is no downside for criminal behavior...only profit, who would stop it? We don't need pardons, we don't need to put it behind us, we need perps in jail so maybe some of this crap will stop and those who would do it again have role models in orange suits...not Lexuses. John
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FearlessFreep
A radical leftist with a JS Woodsworth avatar.
08:57 PM on 01/14/2009
"Only profit, who would stop it?" Someone should put that in a song!
01:35 PM on 01/14/2009
The "boom, bubble, bust" cycle is no accident. Look at our economic history since the 1920's. Tax cuts for the wealthiest among us produce this cycle. The 1920's, 1980's, 2000's - it looks prosperous, but it's smoke and mirrors. The rise in the stock market ,the bubble, the crash are quite predictable. A complicit head at the Fed keeping interest rates low so we can borrow to keep spending. Why? Because we are not CREATING wealth. The stock market rises because wealthy have to put their new found tax funds somewhere. The P/E ratios rise. More money chasing fewer assets. It looks good, but is not sustainable. Return to the pre-Reagan tax policies and we will see real growth again. Unless you net over half a million per year, it makes no sense to fight this. Probably 95% of the bloggers here are at home or in a cubicle somewhere, and would benefit greatly by a return to tax rates of the 70's. Supply side economics is a bad joke- there is no reason to put money back into a business if the demand is not there, or if the government is allowing you to take it out and spend elsewhere.
02:14 PM on 01/14/2009
the 1920's federal income tax cut idea/argument is very mis-leading because there wasn't even a federal income tax until 1913 (didn't exist), and when it was established the top rate was only 7%. The rate was only increased for WW1 because we needed the money to fight the war. The rate was then reduced again after the war because the government didn't need the money. But it remained relatively high during the 1920s regardless as the top rate was 58 percent in 1922, 50 percent in 1923, 46 percent in 1924, 25 percent from 1925 to 1928, and then 24 percent in 1929. Those high rates compared to 7% before WW1 and 0% (that's nothing) before 1913. By the way those taxes reductions had absolutely nothing to do with causing the Great Depression. The federal budget ran surpluses nearly every year in the 1920s.
04:15 PM on 01/14/2009
In the 1970s people payed very high taxes. The top rate, in fact, was 71%. If we went back to those high rates we'd make the current financial and economic crisis look like childs play. Right now about 50% of workers don't pay federal income tax whatsoever. And that's a good thing. How would anyone want to go back to high taxes by the way? About the federal reserve, they pushed the effective federal funds rate up to all time highs in Reagan's first term, to 19% in 1981 and to 14% in 1982. The fed subsequently lowered the federal funds rate because inflation receded making high rates unnecessary. High rates during periods of low inflation are prohibitive to economic growth, meaning they reduce or eliminate growth and result in much higher unemployment.
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FearlessFreep
A radical leftist with a JS Woodsworth avatar.
08:58 PM on 01/14/2009
The top rate may have been 71% but the super-rich knew how to get around it.
10:33 PM on 01/14/2009
The reason those 50% don't pay federal tax is because they make very little in earnings. Most of not all of them would still pay little to no tax if we returned to the tax rates of the 1970s. But those complaining about the astronomically high 35% bracket (with only 15% for capital gains) can afford to pay more in taxes, in return for living in a country that makes them super-rich.

The periods of the 20th century with the most growth in wages and real income for the most Americans occurred alongside the highest tax rates...1950s and 1960s.
12:48 PM on 01/14/2009
"Bush and his ideological counterparts in Congress took that philosophy to its logical conclusion, dismantling as many of the safeguards and safety nets put in place since the New Deal as they had time to dismantle."

From what I can tell, Bush didn't dismantle any of the New Deal safeguards and safety nets. Bush even accomplished the biggest expansion of Medicare since LBJ created it.

"...that it took a group of wrong-headed, self-serving ideologues several years to destroy our economy, and that their radical conservative ideology is the problem, not the solution."

The economy had been doing extremely well since Reagan's policies started to filter into the economy in 1982. We, in fact, had a period of 26 years of nearly un-interrupted and unprecedented prosperity in the US until the credit markets collapsed last September. We're now going through a recession. Recessions are cyclical and have to happen eventually. In not too long it will then end and we'll move on. Get over it.
01:19 PM on 01/14/2009
You are sadly mistaken. See above.
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cayuse
Soaring Eagle, soaring to Spirit from the ego self
11:34 AM on 01/14/2009
Brilliant, "replace the New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt and the Raw Deal of George W. Bush.

I started pulling other parts to add a little bit, but it lead to the whole GREAT article.
I pray for your "REAL DEAL"

"that it took a group of wrong-headed, self-serving ideologues several years to destroy our economy, and that their radical conservative ideology is the problem, not the solution".
11:27 AM on 01/14/2009
Since Wells Fargo bought out Wachovia I've been wondering if
there will now also be a name change.

Wellovia almost sounds too sexual
Wellchovia sounds like something you might eat,
Wellsovia just doesn't cut it, but
Fakovia sounds plausible, has a nice ring to it.
I can just see it now:

Fakovia Customer Service
Refinance With Fakovia
Fakovia Retirement Planning
The Fakovia Wealth Management
Fakovia Online Security
Doing Business with Fakovia

I think there are real possibilities here.
01:41 PM on 01/14/2009
Hillarious!
11:17 AM on 01/14/2009
Bush "caused" the economic crisis?

I thought it was the democrats who deregulated fannie mae & pushed for handing out mortgages to unqualified families like Tic-Tacs...then refused to heed the warnings that a crisis was looming.

The GOP & Bush are certainly culpable too, but the only people who will buy into your convenient, simplistic moonbat claptrap are, well....simplistic moonbats who refuse to blame Democrats for anything.
01:52 PM on 01/14/2009
I agree with you about the Democrats being complicit as well, but the principle of the article still holds truth. The ideology behind the economics has its roots in the Republican Party in the 1960's. But one of the biggest, most damaging de-regulators of all was Bill Clinton.
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04:22 PM on 01/14/2009
Thank you ChristianWright. I'm happy to know that someone else has seen the damage that Clinton has done to the people of this country. Clinton is a self dealer who has no core values and who has masqueraded as a Democrat. Mistake number one for Obama: his appointment of his wife.
05:24 PM on 01/14/2009
I agree. How liberals cling to those Clinton years as if he were infalable and those nasty republicans are to blame for everything. I think some many people are into to this whole ideology that if you told them that George W. is the one responsible for social securities problems they would believe it. While progressives are at it why don't we blame the republicans for Bill Clintons massive roll back of social programs during the ninties. The tech bubble grew during Clintons watch, but popped during Bush's, but it has to his fault too. It is time for people to realize that neither party serves the people. Both parties help themselves, agribusiness, the military industrial complex, and special interest of money.
02:16 PM on 01/15/2009
The vast majority of defaulted mortgages were not made by Fannie & Freddie but by (entirely) private lenders.
10:49 AM on 01/14/2009
"We have nothing to fear but obstructionists."