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Trick or Treat: The Hidden Health Risks of Food Dyes

Posted: 10/21/2010 1:42 pm

2010-10-15-images-gummy_candy.jpg

I have a hard time saying "no" to gummy candy. But I won't eat just any variety (bring on the bear-shaped gummies or anything sour-flavored, hold the gumdrops) and I'm choosy about my brands too. So particular, actually, that when my husband travels overseas my only request is that he bring back a special sour gummy candy because I can't find it here at home.


My particularity, however, had never taken me into the organic category. In fact, I've scoffed at the idea of organic gummies in the past. Candy is candy--there's nothing about it that's healthy, so what does it matter if it's organic?


Related: 15 foods you don't need to buy organic


Well, I changed my tune when I read what Milton Stokes, M.P.H., R.D., wrote in the November/December issue of EatingWell Magazine about the potential health risks of synthetic food dyes--which are in everything from candy and ice cream to breakfast cereals. While natural colorants made from foods like beets are available, many manufacturers opt for synthetic dyes--which appear in ingredient lists as a name of a color with a number following it: Blue 1 and 2, Citrus Red 2, Green 3, Red 3 and 40, Yellow 5 and 6.


According to a recent report from the Center for Science in the Public Interest, these man-made food dyes may have dangerous health consequences when it comes to hyperactivity in children and cancer. This is why the nonprofit Washington, D.C.-based consumer-watchdog group has asked the Food and Drug Administration to ban them. And in July 2010, the European Parliament's mandate that foods and beverages containing food dyes must be labeled as such went into effect for the entire European Union.


So before you go out and buy your Halloween candy or colorful food dyes and sprinkles for your cupcakes and other holiday treats, take a look at the highlights of what Stokes found:


Related: Find healthy Halloween treats and party recipes here.



  • Preliminary evidence suggests that many children have a slight sensitivity to food dyes--and a smaller percentage are very sensitive. "We see reactions in sensitive individuals that include core ADHD symptoms, like difficulty sitting in a chair and interrupting conversations," says David Schab, M.D., M.P.H., assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University and co-author of a 2004 meta-analysis that found food dyes promote hyperactive behavior in already hyperactive children.


Related: Do pesticides on nonorganic produce cause ADHD in kids?



  • A U.S. study published in Science found that when children who scored high on a scale measuring hyperactivity consumed a food-dye blend they performed worse on tests that measured their ability to recall images than when they drank a placebo.

  • A 2007 British study found that children who consumed a mixture of common synthetic dyes displayed hyperactive behavior within an hour of consumption. (These children had not been diagnosed with ADD or ADHD.)

  • The three most widely used culprits--Yellow 5, Yellow 6 and Red 40--contain compounds, including benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, that research has also linked with cancer.


Bottom Line: The research isn't necessarily the most compelling reason to give up food dyes: "Foods with dyes are often riddled with other nutritional problems, like excess calories and fat," says Schab, who points out that childhood obesity is a far greater public health concern.


But if you're concerned, ditch the potentially dangerous synthetic dyes. Look for foods bearing the green-and-white USDA certified organic label, but be aware that foods labeled "made with organic ingredients" may still contain synthetic dyes. You can also check product ingredient lists for beet, carotenes, annatto, capsanthin (a paprika extract)--as all are natural colorants. Counterintuitively, the terms "artificial color," "artificial color added" or "color added" also indicate that nature-derived pigments were used, since synthetic dyes must be listed by their names.


For a DIY solution at home to make your cakes, cupcakes and cookies look festive, use food dyes and sprinkles that use natural colorants from concentrated vegetable pigments. Get product suggestions here.


Personally, I'm not going to eat all organic candy all the time--some of my favorites just aren't organic. But I'll probably spring for the organic candy to hand out to the kids in the neighborhood on Halloween.


Do you avoid synthetic--or man-made--food dyes?




By Brierley Wright, M.S., R.D.


Brierley Wright

Brierley's interest in nutrition and food come together in her position as nutrition editor at EatingWell. Brierley holds a master's degree in Nutrition Communication from the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. A Registered Dietitian, she completed her undergraduate degree at the University of Vermont.




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12:40 PM on 10/26/2010
Great post! It's surprising to see how many products use chemical/synthetic colors.

Have you tried Annie's fruit snacks? We never use artificial colors, flavors or high fructose corn syrup. And, we have treat-sized pouches for Halloween! Check them out at http://annies.com/fruit_snacks or http://annies.com/bunny-fruit.
12:11 AM on 10/23/2010
You wouldn't think artificial colors could be worse than grinding up insects for red food colorants like we still do now, but bleh. =/
12:42 PM on 10/23/2010
My daughter is extremely allergic to the ground up insect. In fact, a bit of the beetle will send her to the ER.
08:19 PM on 10/22/2010
Great post, Brierley! There seems to be growing evidence against the use of artificial food coloring, and with alternatives available, we should do what we can to avoid these ingredients. We take the presence of artificial food dyes into consideration when rating foods like cereal and fruit snacks on our site (http://www.goodguide.com). Folks interested in finding foods without artificial food coloring can use our site to do so!
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ongomania
Mongo only pawn... in game of life.
05:46 PM on 10/22/2010
I am a connoisseur of experimenting w/ Red Dye #5 and #7 in recipes
built upon whole grain ingredients. In my 20 years of authoring case studies
based on personally ingesting large quantities of harmful additives I have
concluded...I have concluded...I have concluded...I have concluded...
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aristippe
no more oil for war
01:37 PM on 10/31/2010
lol
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tobynsaunders
Vegan (& so should you!), Progressive (join us!),
05:37 PM on 10/22/2010
I avoid putting anything synthetic into me because of how unhealthy the stuff tends to be.
05:36 PM on 10/22/2010
Dammit. Even as an adult these are in some of my favorite bad-for-you snacks (candy).... :'(
lol
05:19 PM on 10/22/2010
Oh yeah, CSPI, the organization that recommend fast food restaurants switch to transfat.
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04:23 PM on 10/22/2010
My husband just brought home those seasonal monster cereals- Frankenberry and Count Chocula- I don't tell my son he can't eat it, but I make sure I tell him that it's not really that great for him, and he shouldn't have it all the time. My youngest likes oatmeal and raisin bran. I could teach him, but the husband is a much harder case. I think it's all those fond Saturday morning cartoon memories.
03:52 PM on 10/22/2010
I can absolutely attest to this and more people should be made aware. My three year old daughter has eczema and it breaks out horribly when she eats red food dyes. They also make her insanely hyperactive. When we cut them out it was like we had a different child!
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Ranveig Elvebakk
Innovator, author and lecturer on weight and nutri
04:21 PM on 10/22/2010
True, there is allergies to many edibles from citrus fruit and nuts to dyes. That is not the general issue of the toxicity of dyes being raised here, although a most valid one for all edibles with allergenic potential. R Elvebakk, MD
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Ranveig Elvebakk
Innovator, author and lecturer on weight and nutri
03:47 PM on 10/22/2010
The problem is not so much the food dye as it is the sugar -- If you eat enough dyed candy to suffer toxic effects from the dye, you have eaten enough sugar to inflame your body.Unfortunately, there are no redeeming qualities in sugar, dye or not. To learn more, check out my blog.

Ranveig Elvebakk, MD is a bariatric physician in the San Francisco Bay Area specializing in weight loss and metabolic lllness. Her prgram, The Food Tree is available in book form on Amazon.com. She is also the author of several columns and papers. Become a fan on Facebook, follow Dr. Elvebakk on Twitter, and check out her blog at www.foodtreemd.com/blog.
barts
Republicans can not be trusted.
02:52 PM on 10/22/2010
I always stay away from food dy.......
.....Hey, will somebody tell me what we're talking about here. Oh, wait a moment, gotta go.
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Tecsim
Don't forget to thank a liberal
04:21 PM on 10/22/2010
LOL
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truthSerum888
All great truths begin as blasphemies-
02:29 PM on 10/22/2010
A package of peanut M & M's lists the following ingredients:

Milk Chocolate (Sugar, Chocolate, Cocoa Butter, Skim Milk, Lactose, Milkfat, Peanuts, Soy Lecithin, Salt, Artificial Flavors), Sugar, Peanuts, Cornstarch, Less than 1% - Corn Syrup, Gum Acacia, Red 40 Lake, Blue 2 Lake, Blue 1 Lake, Yellow 6, Yellow 5, Red 40, Blue 1, Blue 2, Yellow 5 Lake, Yellow 6 Lake, Dextrin, titanium oxide.

Not safe in your mouth, nor in your hand-
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Nicole Dixson
03:40 PM on 10/22/2010
Well, it is going into my stomach so my mouth and hands have nothing to worry about.
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arthurb3
Raleigh, NC (inside the beltline!)
03:48 PM on 10/22/2010
Moderation is the key.
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Suntio
Amat victoria curam.
02:18 PM on 10/22/2010
I bet those Doritos are full of synthetic dyes. Oh, and Mountain Dew, too.
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Nicole Dixson
03:42 PM on 10/22/2010
Well, the Spicy Nacho Doritos I am eating right this minute have Yellow 6 Lake, Red 40 Lake, Yellow 6, Yellow 5, Red 40 and Blue 1. I know this CAN'T be good. I'll just eat a few more.
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04:31 PM on 10/22/2010
Red Dye is in Dorritos and many of the foods what you eat..Red dye for me is a killer it
gives me symptons of Arthritis and is quite painful.Sizzlers for example full of it.
R40 not good.
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11:04 PM on 10/22/2010
I feel for you, but it doesn't affect everyone. People literally die from peanuts and they're still on the market.
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nondiplome
Slippington Nipst
02:17 PM on 10/22/2010
2 years ago I started gaining weight. Then I switched from Mountain Dew (miss you *sniff*) to the sugar-free powdered drink mix (I like cherry). The weight just dropped back off (hooray!).
Now the only problem is the powder molecules get everywhere, so when my counter gets wet, it looks like a bloody crime scene (if cops ever visit, I'll have to explain).
If I can find an affordable sugar-free mix, sans dye, I'm stocking up. Such a thing?
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Tecsim
Don't forget to thank a liberal
04:23 PM on 10/22/2010
1 lime + 1 packet of Stevia + 1 cup of water = 0 calorie, all natural citrus refreshment.
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nondiplome
Slippington Nipst
05:43 PM on 10/22/2010
Thanks anyway.
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alahnar
A strange bedfellow indeed
05:33 PM on 10/22/2010
Yea, it's called water, or herbal tea with lemon. All that fake sugar crap - aspartame, splenda, it's poison. It falls into the same category as food dyes, only ten times worse. To make water more enjoyable for me, I often add a little bit of cranberry juice - I don't like lemon in water, it tastes swampy to me, but cranberry juice is delicious in it. Also cucumbers are good in it - but seriously avoid that "sugar free" poisonous crap.
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nondiplome
Slippington Nipst
09:00 PM on 10/22/2010
See I can't drink that stuff. Apparently it turns me into an uncouth know-it-all. Thanks anyway.
02:06 PM on 10/22/2010
I guess my comment was not posted yet. I wanted to add one thing even though I look at the ingredients and try to buy it only if I recognize what is in it, I will eat food every so often that is considered bad. Everyting in moderation
barts
Republicans can not be trusted.
02:54 PM on 10/22/2010
Everyting, mon.