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Edgar M. Bronfman

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The Jewish State and the Jewish Diaspora

Posted: 08/06/10 09:06 AM ET

This is the last article in a 5-part series on Middle East peace running this week. For the first four articles, on Obama's new style in the Middle East, the Arab role in making peace, getting Israel's message across, and Israel's internal politics, click here, here, here, and here.

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One of the biggest changes to have overtaken the Jewish people during the past century has been geographic. If prior to the Holocaust the vast majority of Jews lived in Europe (in particular eastern Europe) and Russia, we are now situated primarily between two poles - Israel and America. The present and future of the Jewish people will therefore be decided to a large extent by the relationship between the Jewish state and the American Jewish community.

The debate that has sprung up over the past several years regarding the proper contours of the Israel-Diaspora relationship is a crucial one. Simply put, the relationship needs to be rethought and updated for the twenty-first century. The ideas and emotions that served us so well for the past six decades simply do not resonate as strongly with the younger generation of American Jews, who have no personal memory of 1948 or 1967. Instead, what they see is a troubled Israel yearning for peace with its Arab neighbors, while unsuccessfully trying to extricate itself from over four decades of occupation over the Palestinians. They also don't understand why a minority - a powerful minority - believes that all of the land is God-given to us Jews, and that no compromise over it is possible.

As the first four articles of this series made clear, there are no easy answers. Yet I believe that the American Jewish community's relationship with Israel can have a positive impact on the prospects for Middle East peace and, by extension, a positive impact on Israel itself. As Israeli President Shimon Peres once told me, "In order to improve our relations with American Jewry, we must make a better Israel. Not better relations, but a better Israel. A better Israel will bring better relations."

But what would a "better Israel" actually look like? First, it has to be noted that the American Jewish community will only support a liberal and democratic Israel. These are not just slogans, and as I wrote earlier this week; they need to be backed up by the right policies and the right kind of political system. Maintaining control indefinitely over millions of Palestinians will inevitably lead to a demographic nightmare and cannot be sustained if Israel is to remain true to its founding principles.

Making this point publicly should not be controversial. The notion that as a Jew, one has to take the position of "my Israel, right or wrong," is deeply problematic. I would rather have the right kind of Israel. Moreover, calling anyone who criticizes certain Israeli policies a "self-hating Jew" is simply alienating and divisive.

In my frequent discussions with prominent Israeli and Jewish Diaspora leaders, we regularly air our own frustrations with the Jewish state's current direction, while at the same time also appreciating the country's many positive attributes. I am sure that these same types of conversations are repeated in synagogues and Jewish community centers and college Hillels all across the Diaspora. The beauty of Judaism is that it demands we ask questions, especially of ourselves.

Indeed, there is really no better sign that we care deeply and profoundly about Israel - otherwise, we would not spend our days working on its behalf, giving money, thinking about its future, or simply following events half a world away. We do it out of love.

The second way the American Jewish Diaspora can help actualize a "better Israel" is by the power of example. The majesty of the American Jewish experience is in its success marrying its unique Jewish identity with the larger, liberal values of the United States. There is no need anymore to choose between assimilation and separation. We are accepted as equals. (As I told David Ben Gurion when he inquired why my family and I weren't going to make aliyah: "Mr. Prime Minister, we Jews have found our Zion - it is America.")

The same general idea should hold true for Israel too. As my dear friend, the philosopher David Hartman once said to me, "Israel is a return to the particular, but not a ghetto.... It's not meant to be insulated from the world. It lives in discussion with the world." Yes, Israel has very real problems being accepted in its immediate neighborhood and by some in the international arena. And yes, these problems on the whole are not of its own making. But Israel should always be engaged in this wider "discussion with the world," and turn away from the "ghetto" mentality.

American Jewry can help in a number of other ways as well. The Israel-Diaspora relationship has to be a real two-way street and an honest partnership of equals. As Avram Burg, the former speaker of the Israeli Knesset, explained to me: "You believe that we are all heroes, and we believe that you are all rich. And unfortunately, only 50 percent of it is true." Stereotypes do us no good in our common mission.

Just as we send young American Jews to Israel through the Birthright program, we need to also consider a "reverse Birthright" for Israeli kids to come see America. Opening young Israeli minds to the outside world, particularly the vibrant American Jewish community itself, can only help the Jewish state.

Similarly, as former Ambassador and president of Tel Aviv University Itamar Rabinovich has argued, expanded student collaboration and exchanges between Israeli and American universities would also be beneficial, as would cultural tours of America by Israeli artists. Not only would these and other like-minded initiatives be useful in ensuring Israel maintains its "discussion with the world," but it would also likely support those segments of Israeli society most liberally inclined.

Yet another way American Jewry must continue to help Israel is by its traditional political support here in the United States. Only a strong Israel which feels secure will be able to make the compromises necessary to ensure its future. However, even as we extend this political support, we should never stop questioning how we can make a "better Israel" a reality. The answer, it seems clear to me, has to start with real peace via a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

It is far too easy to let cynicism and hopelessness become the norm when we discuss the prospects for Middle East peace. But we should never lose sight of what we need to do. "If you will it," Theodore Herzl famously said, "it is not a dream." A better Israel, living in peace with its neighbors, cannot be allowed to remain a dream.


 
 
 
 
 
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DuncanONeil
01:33 PM on 08/09/2010
Apparently your "better Israel is one that somehow mirrors a Liberal US and somehow equalizes Palestinians.

First of all America is not a Liberal country. Second Palestinians are way more equal in Israel that they can ever hope to be in any of the Arabs countries. Were that not the case they would not be considered "refugees" in those countries every day since the 1947 war. When they were entreated to leave Israel by their Arab "brothers".
Even today they are referred to, and treated as, refugees.
10:26 PM on 08/08/2010
Sorry it is Post 72.
12:34 AM on 08/09/2010
My comments were unfortunately not published. I was referring to my weblog: CONTRAVIEWS http://contraviewing.blogspot.com Post 72 for indepth information.
10:17 AM on 08/08/2010
"we Jews have found our Zion - it is America." More specifically, our Zion is California.
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Nick Santiago
01:27 AM on 08/08/2010
As I read these comments I cannot help but wonder where the truth lies...somewhere in the middle perhaps? Being an American and therefore subjected to nothing but self-interested propaganda from the left and the right, one at times just does not know what to believe.
Born is '74, research is only as good as the source, in a world where 'impartiality' is an abused and rejected concept.
So I am forced to take an admittedly over-simplified approach to the issue. Palestine and its people had nothing whatsoever to do with the persecution and mass murdering of the Jewish people during WWII, so why and how did anyone think it would be okay, or moral, or regionally prudent, to force out the Palestinian people and create a Jewish nation?
The Jews and the Americans and the whole of the various 'Christian' nations decided that God gave the land to Jews and it should be returned to them. Zionism.
Much as it is an unpopular thing to say, I must agree with Helen Thomas. The correct thing for the Jews to do would be to get the heck out of Palestine! It was not their home and they took it from people born there for generations.
Am I wrong? I admit to being fairly ignorant to the intricacies of this issue, but did this whole thing not start as a hostile take-over of people who did nothing to provoke it except living in ancient Israel?
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nk5otr
07:44 AM on 08/08/2010
Jewish independence in the land of Israel lasted for more than 400 years. If not for foreign invaders, Israel would be more than 3,000 years old today. Jews have lived in what is now Israel continuously for thousands of years. Large communities were reestablished in Jerusalem and Tiberias in the 9th century. In the 11th century, Jewish communities grew in Rafah, Gaza, Ashkelon, Jaffa and Caesarea.

Israel is the land of the Bible and has been loved by the Jews for thousands of years as their homeland. It is not some place randomly selected by Jews.

Immigrating Jews did not displace the Palestinians. At the time of the partition plan, there were 600,000 Jews and 1.2 million Arabs. Today Israel holds 7.6 million people.

The idea of a Jewish country was not solely a result of WWII. For instance, the Peel Commission offered plans for separate Jewish and Arab states in 1937.

Originally Jews thought they could live peacefully alongside the Arabs in the land of the British Mandate. Following years of violence, mostly Arab attacks on Jews and British, it was decided by the United Nations that the best course would be for each group to have its own country.

In the 1947 partition plan, the Jews were a majority in the land partitioned to Israel. The Arabs would
have been a majority in the land partitioned to them, but they refused the plan and the land deciding
that they would force the Jews out with war.
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08:44 AM on 08/08/2010
"Immigrating Jews did not displace the Palestinians. At the time of the partition plan, there were 600,000 Jews and 1.2 million Arabs. Today Israel holds 7.6 million people."

Just look at how ridiculous and misleading that statement is ? How did a total of 1.8 miillion Arabs and Jews turn into 7.6 million ?

The land was, in part, stolen, confiscarted or just robbed from the indigenous non-Jew Palestinians. It was deliberate, it was systematic, it was terrorism. The practice continues to this day despite UN resolutions to the contrary and despite opposition from all US Presidents, since 1967 - ALL WITHOUT EXCEPTION.

Landloss map : http://lawrenceofcyberia.blogs.com/photos/maps/landloss.html
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Nick Santiago
01:10 PM on 08/08/2010
I hear what you are saying about ancient claim to a land considering how long their peoples lived there throughout history. However the very same thing can be said of Native Americans. Would you be behind giving the Native Americans a state of their own somewhere on the US mainland? Say Arizona or New Mexico? They were here and occupying this land for thousands of years before we arrived.

Isn't it the same basic concept? Ancient claim to a land no longer owned by them?
04:52 AM on 08/09/2010
You should read some history.
There were always Jews and Arabs living in that area during the Ottoman Empire and the British Mandate. The name Palestine was given to the area by the British. All the independent Arab states were created in the 20th century just like Israel, Egypt in 1922, Jordan in 1946, Lebanon in 1943 etc. After the partition Jordan was supposed to become the Arab state and Israel the Jewish.
After Israel became a state the surrounding Arab countries started the war against Israel and about a million Arabs fled and became refugees. About the same time about one million Jews were expelled from the different Arab and Muslim states. The difference is the Arab refugees and their descendants are still refugees and none of Arab states was or is willing to grant them citizenship while most of the Jewish refugees became Israelis.
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Patricia Clark Taylor
10:05 PM on 08/07/2010
In 1981-82 I studied at Tel Aviv University for my overseas study program from UMBC in Baltimore. I was pleased to have Professor Rabinovich as my professor for Arab Israeli Studies. During that time, I witnessed peace develop between Israel and Egypt. "Land for Peace" was the slogan as Israel returned Egypt's land for peace.
06:31 PM on 08/07/2010
American Jews can help make a "better Israel" by insisting Israel get out of the West Bank and the Golan Heights, and make peace with its neighbors.
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lbsaltzman
Permaculture and Sustainability
06:52 PM on 08/07/2010
And many of are insisting Israel get out of the West Bank, Gaza and the Golan Heights. Unfortunately, the message is falling on deaf ears. Israel is locked inside itself, living in a state of isolated paranoia.
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nk5otr
10:43 PM on 08/07/2010
There is only one Israeli in Gaza and he was kidnapped and dragged there at gunpoint by Palestinians. My only conclusion from that is that Palestinans must want Israelis in Gaza.
05:19 PM on 08/07/2010
'''''''''''They also don't understand why a minority - a powerful minority - believes that all of the land is God-given to us Jews, and that no compromise over it is possible. '''''''''''

the minority can believe what it wishes -----however their power comes from the weakness of the political leadership.-------there was a day when extremists were castigated and ostracized as nut balls -----now the are courted and coddled ------for cheap shortsighted political gain ---
06:43 PM on 08/07/2010
NO all of the land was not given to you by anyone! You are not the Chosen People except in your own mind! Hamas is the duly elected democratic government of the Gazans. You asked for elections, and the people elected, fairly and squarely Hamas, not Abbas. Abbas's term in office is over, he has no authority whatsover, except that Israel and the US give him. The UN gave you borders, which Israel has never accepted, but continued to steal more and more land. I encourage you to google a map of Palestine 1948 and google it 2010...see who the real terrorists are.
09:01 PM on 08/07/2010
When does Hamas' term end. If the Republicans in states where they one the majority of congressional seats decided to throw out all authority from the executive branch of government that would not make them the legal gov't. Abbas was elected btw so much for you speaking the truth.

p.s. Israel excepted the boarders the UN gave it was the Arabs that rejected the partition.
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nk5otr
10:47 PM on 08/07/2010
Capturing land in battle after being invaded by neighboring countries is only considered stealing when Israel does it.
Thelonius
Lived in Middle East for
04:48 PM on 08/07/2010
Video - A Palestinian child defends his father:
http://www.gilad.co.uk/writings/palestinian-child-confronts-israeli-forces-over-fathers-dete.html
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
editorjuno
Musician, wordsmith, accidental mystic, etc.
04:37 PM on 08/07/2010
The 800 lb. gorilla in the room is that the current state of Israel is geographically and demographically untenable. When the "promised land" faction of the 19th century Zionists prevailed over their more pragmatic opponents, who favored a Jewish state in the New World or perhaps in the Australian outback, the futility we endure today was sadly assured.

With the Soviet collapse and the subsequent immigrant tsunami Israel again became what it was at its founding, a middle eastern state with an Ashkanazic (and therefore westernized and culturally European) majority caught between a sea of ethnic hostility to the north, east, and south and the literal sea to the west. How can such a state survive other than as a militarized bastion of western culture, dangling its advantages under the noses of its (mostly corrupt and tyrannical) neighboring countries and their understandably resentful populations?

IMO there's no easy answer and not all the much political will to devise and implement one.
09:23 PM on 08/07/2010
First of all even with the influx of Russians, only about 1/2 of the Jews in Israel are of European decent. Secondly why should Israels advantages "understandably" make neighboring countries resentful? As for the logic of Israel being located where it is, what you fail to realize is the the Jews have had a continuous presence in that land for over a thousand years. Why then after WWI when it was being split up into different nations weren't the Jews entitled to their own piece.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
editorjuno
Musician, wordsmith, accidental mystic, etc.
09:49 PM on 08/07/2010
Even at fifty percent (I'm sure it's higher than), Israel's is a essentially a European culture. Neighboring countries' people understandably resent Israel's (largely American- and European-financed) military dominance and the prosperity that comes with its western attitudes and connections -- and then there's the equally understandable (but in no way admirable or excusable) ethnic rivialry, since Israel's success is largely built on land that belonged to Arab families for centuries. I know there were Jews living in Palestine and that was never a problem until the state was established and defined as a refuge for (mostly European) Jews, with citizenship tied to a law of return based on Jewish tradition.

You also fail to make the vital distinction between between a relatively small native Palestinian Jewish population (there "for over a thousand years") and the wave of Europeans encouraged by Zionism -- the former was part and parcel of the local culture before 1948, the latter remained European in every way, dominated the new state, and built it as per western values which remain anathema to the rest of the region. If only the native Palestinian Jews (who'd always spoken Arabic, not Hebrew, Yiddish, or English) were counted, the state of Israel would probably be about the size of Prospect Park.

I reiterate: the current state of Israel is geographically and demographically untenable; there's no easy answer and not all the much political will to devise and implement one.
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nk5otr
10:53 PM on 08/07/2010
There is only one place on earth that is the Jewish homeland and it isn't Australia. By the way, Jews did not settle in Israel because of its vast oil reserves or friendly neighbors or because they loved barren deserts. It is because of the love of Israel that Jewish parents passed to their children for 2,000 years.
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editorjuno
Musician, wordsmith, accidental mystic, etc.
07:07 PM on 08/08/2010
Puh-leeze -- what you're saying is that an essentially sentimental religious tradition trumps reality, which is insane. I was brought up on "next year in Jerusalem" too, but I was never so credulous as to take it literally. In fact, Jews have more religious freedom in places like the U.S., Canada, Oz, and Britain than they do in Israel, with its state-sanctioned, heavily-politicized Orthodox rabbinate imposing their antiquated idea of Judaism on the populace whenever they can get away with it.. I say FEH on all this anachronistic nonsense, as do a great many Israelis, the majority of whom are no more religious than their cousins in the diaspora! ZIon is not a geographical locale, my friend, it's a perceptual state that either lives within you or doesn't -- and it has nothing to do with politics or the palaver of rabbis and their patrons in The Knesset
Thelonius
Lived in Middle East for
01:44 PM on 08/07/2010
Very informative Canadian video retrospective on Israel's "Operation Cast Lead"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bznLR3-kCtU&feature=player_embedded
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01:43 PM on 08/07/2010
American Jews should not try to perfect the Israeli Government. There should be a venue for comments and that is the end of it. I don't think American Italians write on their opinion to make Italy a better place. If you support, give some money. If you don't like something, shut up or use the suggested Opinion page. The Israeli government is not naive and they can make their own decisions as good or better than people thousands of miles away. By bitching about everything, you only give hope to the enemies of Israel. And they are not just Arabs. Look at the signatures on U.N. Sanctions.

Read Harv: http://theHARVview.blogspot.com
check out my gift site: www.attitudejewelry.com
03:59 PM on 08/07/2010
When are you moving there?
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BcemXAHA
Yerushalaim shel zahav
07:23 PM on 08/07/2010
Just as soon as you move to Gaza!
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shaitan
The Devil's Advocate
01:38 PM on 08/07/2010
The Zionist agenda from the very beginning was to push out the native Palestinians and settle all the land. Moshe Dayan said it clearly when asked how Israel intended to deal with the natives: We will treat them like dogs. That is how it has been with the connivance of US money.
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nk5otr
10:57 PM on 08/07/2010
The Zionist agenda was to live peaceably with their Arab neighbors. Unfortunately, it didn't work out due to Arab massacres of Jews.

We do not wish, we do not need to expel the Arabs and take their place. All our aspirations are built upon the assumption — proven throughout all our activity in the Land — that there is enough room in the country for ourselves and the Arabs.

David Ben-Gurion, 1937
nanjemoy
first, check your satire-o-meter.
12:42 PM on 08/07/2010
Speaking as a non-Jew, I appreciate that my comments might fall into the category of "you don't know what you're talking about." But do young American Jews really see the Jewish State as "a troubled Israel yearning for peace with its Arab neighbors, while unsuccessfully trying to extricate itself from over four decades of occupation over the Palestinians?"

I am very close to many young Jews, and they seem to describe Israel not as "unsuccessfully trying to extricate itself" but as trying to take and hold and "settle" territory in the occupied lands.

And again, speaking from the outside, the Birthright program seems like a nice face on a bad policy. What would we call it if any other nation or territory exclusively sought out members of a specific religion or ethnicity, and imported them to colonize territory captured in war?
03:44 PM on 08/07/2010
As a Jew, I know that when given a chance, israel makes peace. They ahve a peace treaty with Jordan and another with Egypt.

he Jewish settlements in Egypt were removed, the Ras tanour oil fields given back. The whole Sinai was given back. All this happened becuase Sadat went to Jerusalem and said "lets make peace".

Israel gave back 100% of Gaza and the next day the rockets from Hamas started.

The moral of this story is peace for land works and land for peace doesn't.
04:05 PM on 08/07/2010
The ONLY reason Arwar Sadat cut a deal with Israel was American bribes!

It wasn't a "peace process", it was a "bribe process"!

Sadat was ready to walk out until Jimmy Carter offered him the keys to the Treasury.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bksg
Proud of my Palestinian Heritage!
04:20 PM on 08/07/2010
JanP: "Israel gave back 100% of Gaza?"
I believe that your definition of "Gave Back" is totally off.
They still controlled who and what goes in and out of Gaza, controlled their water sources and power, and controlled their natural gas.
Giving back means that you give the residents autonomy and since Israel never gave the Gazans any control over their life or borders, "Gave it Back" is only in Israel's imagination.
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Dan Zuffi
12:33 PM on 08/07/2010
Here's what Netanyahu said about the USA in 1997:

"Once we squeeze all we can out of the United States, it can dry up and blow away"

It well past time to reevaluate this so called love affair with israel and fast.
03:45 PM on 08/07/2010
Where did Bibi say this?
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BcemXAHA
Yerushalaim shel zahav
07:28 PM on 08/07/2010
He didn't say that JanP, Dan Zuffi is a perfect example of how deliberate misinformation and propaganda gets spread!
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Frank Bourne
The truth hurts.
10:17 AM on 08/07/2010
Israel is an albatross. It's time to cut that insane asylum loose.
12:18 PM on 08/07/2010
I agree, Israel needs to wake up to the damage the Netanyahu NEOCONS are doing to their state and vote them out.
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BcemXAHA
Yerushalaim shel zahav
02:47 PM on 08/07/2010
You say this, as if you didn't say the same thing pre Netanyahu.