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Eric D. Isaacs

Eric D. Isaacs

Posted: December 26, 2010 11:24 AM

When the west wind blows hard across the prairies, its power can be seen in swirling leaves and bending trees.

Here in Illinois, we're harnessing more of that power every day, with 25 wind farms -- from one-turbine to utility-scale projects -- capturing the energy of the wind and converting it into electricity.

But we are facing a major obstacle in our push to build more and better wind farms and create clean energy jobs in Illinois and across the country. Because while we have the technology to generate a large proportion of America's electricity from wind power and solar energy, we don't yet have the infrastructure to store it or transmit it. That's an enormous problem - and one that can undermine our country's progress toward energy security, carbon reduction and job creation.

Here in America, we already have vast resources for "grow-your-own" renewable energy. The potential of land-based wind power is estimated at more than 8,000 gigawatts, and solar cells could generate far more. (To put those numbers in perspective, ConEd's all-time record demand for northern Illinois was just over 23 gigawatts, set on Aug. 3, 2006.)

But all that potential energy generation does us little good if we can't save that electricity for use at the times when the wind doesn't blow and the sun doesn't shine, and if we can't send it from the rural areas where it's created to the cities where it's needed the most. And that will require major investment in the electric grid -- the outdated, barely adequate system that moves electric power from generating stations to consumers nationwide.

As the director of the Argonne National Laboratory, I understand the great fiscal challenges facing our government. But I also know that a substantial American investment in clean energy generation, storage and transmission today could yield enormous returns for generations to come.

Recently, the American Physical Society -- the nation's leading physics association - tackled this critical issue in a new report from its Panel on Public Affairs, Integrating Renewable Electricity on the Grid. The report from the panel, which is co-chaired by George Crabtree, a Senior Scientist and Distinguished Fellow at Argonne, makes some fundamental recommendations:

The United States must develop an overall strategy for energy storage at every level -- from car batteries to the national grid.

We must create new, more powerful technology for long-distance transmission of renewable electricity, to balance rural supply and urban demand, and to integrate wind- and solar-generated electricity into the grid.

The APS also recommends a thorough review of the technological potential for a range of battery chemistries and a significant increase in R&D in basic electrochemistry. Achieving these goals would be great news, for our nation and for Illinois.

At Argonne, we have been working for decades to build new electrical energy storage systems and improve our nation's energy security. As a Department of Energy laboratory, we are committed to keeping the United States in the forefront of energy storage technology. Our lithium-ion battery technology powers electric cars, and our advanced materials research promises to create new electrochemical storage systems to light, heat and cool large buildings, industrial sites and even small cities.

With adequate resources, Argonne and other laboratories like ours could speed the pace of innovation and help to bring America's electric grid into the 21st century. Working in collaboration with universities and private industry, we can assemble "dream teams" that can keep our country in the forefront of energy technology.

Right now, America's aging power grid resembles the patchwork of narrow, winding, badly maintained highways of the 1920s and 1930s. Without the vision -- and substantial public investment -- that led to the nationwide Interstate Highway System, it would have been impossible for trucks to move large quantities of goods swiftly, safely and affordably to American cities and towns from coast to coast.

Today, we need to make the same kind of long-term, strategic investment in our power grid, making it possible to capture and store wind- and solar-generated energy and transmit it quickly and efficiently to businesses, manufacturers, and consumers nationwide.

The stakes are huge, for our nation and for Illinois. According to a new study by the Environmental Law and Policy Center in Chicago, there are more than 100 Illinois companies -- with a total of 15,000 employees -- working in the wind power supply chain. The study estimates that every megawatt of power developed creates 17 new manufacturing jobs.

President Eisenhower's investment in the Interstate Highway System, which created a 20th century infrastructure for 20th century transportation, has yielded extraordinary dividends for our country and our economy. It's time to build a 21st century electricity grid to transmit and store the clean, renewable power America needs to remain competitive in this century.

 

Follow Eric D. Isaacs on Twitter: www.twitter.com/argonne

When the west wind blows hard across the prairies, its power can be seen in swirling leaves and bending trees. Here in Illinois, we're harnessing more of that power every day, with 25 wind farms -- f...
When the west wind blows hard across the prairies, its power can be seen in swirling leaves and bending trees. Here in Illinois, we're harnessing more of that power every day, with 25 wind farms -- f...
 
 
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09:25 AM on 01/27/2011
Another thought: many people think the dot com boom and teh job growth under Clinton was caused by online business and the rise of .com websites.

It wasn't.

What caused the boom in jobs and the economy was 300,000,000 suddenly buying a new product (internet connection and cell phones) for teh first time and the resulting need to build a completely new nationwide infrastruture (cables, cell towers, etc).

The new energy grid and power plant idea would be the closest we could com to creating another boom of that size. The key is to include old world power plants in the process, rather than pit them against each other. Add wind, solar, geothermal etc, but also add nuclear and connect the smart grid to existing coal, natural gas etc. plants.
02:22 AM on 01/04/2011
This has been up for discussion since the 70's,just as the gas crisis.I really wish someone would take our problems serious.Nothing will change.They will let it implode upon itself before they do a decent days work.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Josh RageLyfe
rage life party it up
04:58 AM on 01/02/2011
Speaking of Illinois, the state is perfect for another rarely talked about renewable energy source, geothermal. As more and more houses supplement their energy use with geothermal energy, the strain on the grid will decrease.
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shocktreatment
Just barely standing it
11:52 AM on 12/31/2010
Because any such modernization will provide jobs, because any such modernization requires foresight, because any such modernization will go a long way to easing many of people's burdens, it will not even be considered.

Republicans have made no secret of their intent to keep citizens in as much misery as they can manage, with the goal of political gain.

Should they actually regain the Whitehouse and the Senate too, we can expect MOTS (more of the same) zero oversight, no-bid, cost-plus contracts handed out to whoever provides the best junkets and cash on the heels of 'Citizens United'
09:21 AM on 01/27/2011
But that's why it is so bizarre. If the thugs take the WH and senate again, an updated infrastructure project would be the perfect target for them. Just think how manuy no-bid contracts can be given to Haliburton and its ilk to build and install the infrastructure. The problem is that the political fight over climate change has become so shrill that both sides are blinded by rage.
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yogandclimber
04:31 PM on 12/30/2010
I'm hoping for Bloom energy.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:12 PM on 12/30/2010
The Bloom box looks very good. It is a co generation system that uses pipes natural gas to supply on site electricity and heat, thus achieving 90%+ efficiency We can generate that natural gas from bio waste as well, so it is a long term solution. The big down side is that much of the natural gas boom is fracked gas, not natural.
nothingchanges
too soon old, too late smart
10:40 AM on 12/30/2010
What America NEEDS is a national energy policy that doesn't change from election to election.

Had we eliminated our dependence on foreign oil (our stated national goal since 1976) we wouldn't have troops in the Middle East, and 9/11 would be a telephone number, not a date.
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rougebaisers
05:16 PM on 12/29/2010
Our power grid will be the target of the next major attack on this country. We just keep making more enemies.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:13 PM on 12/30/2010
Another reason for distributed rooftop solar and waste bio fuels.
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b525
10:10 AM on 12/28/2010
Some have suggested that electric car batteries themselves will be able to store and sell electricity back to the grid, which would make electric cars part of the storage facilities of the grid. (when the cars are not in use).

I've also heard some suggest that covering autos with solar cells to recharge the electric car battery when sitting in parking lots\driveways etc. will reduce the electric cars impact on the electrical grid.

Some of the Toyota Priuses already have this feature. The solar cells are incorporated into the roof panel of the Prius and are not even noticable to the casual observer of the vehicle.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:15 PM on 12/30/2010
Waste bio fuels can supply all the backup energy we need, on demand. It is interesting to think about e car owners selling their power back to the grid in peak times, but many people will not be willing to limit their drive away range by doing so.
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07:02 AM on 12/28/2010
Talk to the Republicans. They keep calling it pork barrel spending.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:16 PM on 12/30/2010
We haven't been able to talk to a republican since Ike.
02:01 AM on 12/28/2010
In fairness to large-scale wind and solar power, there is a certain amount of flexibility in the grid that can accommodate them to a fairly high degree of penetration. However, ramping conventional resources up and down to balance renewables can be costly and inefficient. On storage, the batteries mentioned in the article are okay for short-term storage. There are still only two technologies for bulk (i.e., 8, 10, 20 hours+) of storage (the longer you can store, the more easily you can turn renewables into firm capacity). Those technologies are pumped storage hydro, and compressed air energy storage (CAES). Pumped storage is limited in siting, but there are currently dozens of projects in the works. CAES is thought to be a "new" approach, but it's been proven for at least two decades. It's cheaper than pumped storage. And much of the U.S. - including Illinois - has geology suitable for CAES. A few firms are out there on the leading edge working to develop these; Gridflex Energy is the only one pursuing both types of projects across the country.
12:23 PM on 12/30/2010
The beauty of the grid is that it allows us to be able to manage demand better (and rely less on new energy sources for doing ALL of the heavy lifting). But typical to America, all of our effort gets placed on endless consumption, lowest cost energy, and externalizing costs to future generations and the environment. One of these days we'll have to pay a little more attention to consumption (namely "demand side management"), and not just adding one in another long list of sources to an aging 1920s and 1930s infrastructure. I think Isaacs and MSGrid, and many others, are leading us in the right direction. I see no better investment in our energy future (jobs, energy independence, long-term cost effectiveness, carbon mitigation, global competitiveness, everything), than investment in our Grid! "Build it and they will come," to steal a phrase from one great moment in our pop culture history.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
06:17 PM on 12/30/2010
Waste bio fuels can supply all the variable demand via existing turbine generators used for peaking.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
09:20 PM on 12/27/2010
Only big centralizes energy needs the grid upgrade. Rooftop solar reduces grid load. Waste bio char can back up wind and solar cleanly, and cheaper than dumping. Only wind needs to be big and needs grid upgrades. So put Wind next to coastal cities first, then all they need is a grid tie.
08:36 AM on 12/28/2010
Rooftop solar?Could you tell me a little about your science background?
(And,no-being a "Trekkie' doesn't count.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
02:31 PM on 12/28/2010
So insults is all you have? Yeah rooftops. Distributed, free land, plenty of area. look it up.
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Bio-man
An advocate for the middle class
03:35 PM on 12/27/2010
Great article, Isaacs makes great points, but the issue is one of policy changes that will need to be made to modernize our grid, which is based on late 19th century technology. In fact if Edison were still alive today he would be completely familiar with today's grid. We have a very reliable system, but it is very inefficient because the consumer pays one rate whether it's February 24th at 2:00 am or July 21st at 4:00 pm and we know that demand levels are much different. Smart grid technology would be able to solve many of our efficiency issues, but until there are significant changes made to the Public Utlility Power Act to accommodate smart grid technology, not much will change.
04:03 PM on 12/27/2010
The grid of today is actually built based on Tesla's AC power transmission technology, not Edison's extremely inefficient DC technology.
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Bio-man
An advocate for the middle class
09:28 PM on 12/27/2010
True, but Tesla was working for Edison until he realized the Thomas was giving him the short end of the stick. Tesla really deserves more credit, yet Edison is in the history books.
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02:19 PM on 12/27/2010
You say:

"But all that potential energy generation does us little good if we can't save that electricity for use at the times when the wind doesn't blow and the sun doesn't shine, and if we can't send it from the rural areas where it's created to the cities where it's needed the most."

But well over 50% of electricity demand is between the hours of 1 and 7 PM, so if we got rooftop solar up in the built environment, we could knock out 40% of total electrical usage without eminent domain, SF6 emissions, dead wilderness or huge rate spikes. Germany installed 2 GW of rooftop solar in June alone.

Then you say:

"Right now, America's aging power grid resembles the patchwork of narrow, winding, badly maintained highways of the 1920s and 1930s. Without the vision -- and substantial public investment -- that led to the nationwide Interstate Highway System, it would have been impossible for trucks to move large quantities of goods swiftly, safely and affordably to American cities and towns from coast to coast."

That's a bizarre analogy since energy should never be a static, rigid, one-way road, but rather should be dynamic, decentralized and democratized - think World Wide Web, not highway. So, storage, yes, but massive grid - NO!

Your model ensures that Big Energy retains its chokehold forever, but it is the worst plan for people, the economy and the environment. German style FITs, increased efficiency and local clean power production are the solution.
04:03 PM on 12/27/2010
Decentralization is a good thing, but having a big grid also has its advantages.  If power goes out in one area, another area can supply that area with power.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
09:20 PM on 12/27/2010
rooftop solar reduces grid load.
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Josh RageLyfe
rage life party it up
04:57 AM on 01/02/2011
sheila, the highway analogy is brilliant, IMO, because the essence of the analogy compares outdated powerlines with the pre-interstate highway system, which was less efficient than the interstates. We need to upgrade our energy grid!
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PoloniumMan
"It worked." J. Robert Oppenheimer
01:51 PM on 12/27/2010
We should also work to make our grid more robust so that it can hold up better in the event of a high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP)[1].

With the proliferation of ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons, there's the real possibility that a future adversary will employ asymmetrical means to counter our overwhelming conventional military capability, we should be better prepared to recover from a man-made nuclear HEMP event. Already countries such as Iran are investing in technology to deploy low tech missiles on ships, a sort of poor-man's SLBM[2].

1. http://www.todaysengineer.org/2007/Sep/HEMP.asp
2. http://www.missilethreat.com/archives/id.4040/detail.asp
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
09:22 PM on 12/27/2010
Sadly, we will be instanly back to the dark ages with a single EMP blast over the USA. It's is not practical so far, to defend systems against EMP. On the positive side, all money, and accounts will vanish too.
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BluePhantom2
The Blacksmith & the Artist reflected in their art
11:52 AM on 12/27/2010
More rent seeking! Wind and solar are local solutions at best, subsidy eating boondoogles at worst. The smart grid idea is just that and trying to implement it would turn into another Govt. driven nightmare. Perfect example is "Storage" how do we plan to store electricity? Batteries are huge and expensive + a little hard on the environment when they are spent.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
09:23 PM on 12/27/2010
Another democracy driven nightmare, like highways, defense, etc... Why do you love the multinational plutocracy?
02:04 AM on 12/28/2010
In most of the places where wind and solar are big, bulk energy storage technologies of pumped hydro and compressed-air energy storage can be used cost-effectively to dovetail operation with those and turn them into firm capacity resources. When carbon is taken into account, the combined approaches can beat out the next-available conventional resources. But in many cases it's transmission that's lacking.