iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Flynt and Hillary Mann Leverett

Flynt and Hillary Mann Leverett

Posted: October 15, 2010 10:51 AM

Twenty years ago, Harvard's Joseph Nye famously coined the term "soft power" to describe what he saw as an increasingly important factor in international politics -- the capacity of "getting others to want what you want", which he contrasted with the ability to coerce others through the exercise of "hard" military and/or economic power. The question of soft power, when it comes to Iran, is contentious. Most analysts seem prepared to acknowledge that the Islamic Republic's soft power in the Middle East rose significantly in the first several years of this decade. But many Western analysts now argue that Tehran's regional soft power has declined over the last couple of years, following the election of Barack Obama as President of the United States, the fallout from the Islamic Republic's June 2009 presidential election, and the imposition of new sanctions against Iran over its nuclear activities.

Others -- including the two of us -- argue that Iranian soft power remains strategically significant and is perhaps even still growing. In this regard, we are struck by two developments this week. First, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad traveled to Beirut -- the first visit by an Iranian president to the Lebanese capital since President Mohammad Khatami went there in 2003. Although White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said the visit demonstrated that Ahmadinejad was continuing his "provocative ways" and that Hizballah "values its allegiance to Iran over its allegiance to Lebanon", the Iranian president received what the Christian Science Monitor's Nicholas Blanford described as a "rapturous" welcome from tens of thousands of Lebanese who turned out to greet him on his drive into Beirut from the airport. We include striking photographs of Ahmadinejad's reception in Beirut today on www.RaceForIran.com.

During his trip to Lebanon, Ahmadinejad is scheduled to visit Dahiya, a heavily Shi'a southern suburb of Beirut, and tour southern Lebanon. We would anticipate strongly positive and enthusiastic reactions from populations in both settings. As Rami Khouri aptly put it today, see here, in The Daily Star,

"If Ahmadinejad, as planned, goes to south Lebanon and visits Hizbullah-controlled villages near the Israeli border, we should expect political emotions to go through th roof in both the pro-Iranian and anti-Iranian camps. This will not be a surprise, because Ahmadinejad overlooking the northern border of Israel in the company of his Hizbullah allies is a nightmare for most Israelis and many of their friends in the West, while for Hizbullah and its allies in the region this would be a prize-winning moment of defiance to be savored for a long time."

We do not believe that any Western leader -- or even any Arab leader -- could travel to Beirut today and move about in an open motorcade, as Ahmadinejad did, let alone do so and attract crowds of tens of thousands of eager well-wishers. Security concerns alone would preclude such a scenario. And this is the reality even though the United States and its European and Arab allies have put significant sums of money and political capital into trying to consolidate a "pro-Western" political order in Lebanon.

If Iran today has substantial soft power in the Middle East -- as we believe it does -- it has that power in no small part because it has picked winners rather than losers as its allies in key regional theaters. Whether we speak of Hizballah in Lebanon, Hamas in Palestine, or Shi'a Islamist parties in Iraq, Iran's regional allies are genuine political forces -- that is, forces that win elections because they represent important and unavoidable constituencies with legitimate grievances. And, in many cases, those allies engage in what their constituents believe is thoroughly laudable resistance against what those constituents see as America's (and Israel's) hegemonic ambitions in the Middle East. Again, Rami Khouri put it very well:

"The United States and other Western powers are unhappy with the Iranian-Hizbullah link because these two parties represent an advanced form of indigenous Middle Eastern defiance of Western power, threats and sanctions. Western global powers are not used to having smaller Middle Eastern countries or movements ignore the orders or threats that emanate from Washington, London or other Western capitals. Lebanon has been a central test case of American support for the majority in the Lebanese government that confronts Hizbullah in some respects, so this visit represents a blow to Washington's strategy of bringing Lebanon firmly into its orbit."

Second, Colum Lynch, of the Washington Post and Foreign Policy, published an interesting piece today, see here, on the United Nations General Assembly's election of Germany, India, and South Africa to rotating seats on the UN Security Council. (It should be noted that, while Turkey will give up its rotating seat on the Security Council at the end of this year, Brazil will stay on the Council for another year.) As Lynch writes,

"The election provides these emerging powers, all of whom aspire to become permanent members of the council, with an opportunity to show their stuff on the global stage. But it also poses a challenge to the United States. New members India and South Africa, as well as current member Brazil, differ sharply from the United States on everything from the use of economic sanctions to constrain Iran's nuclear program to the importance of human rights in international affairs. And they plan to be assertive about that opposition."

All of this underscores an important strategic point that we have been making for some time -- in relative terms, the United States is becoming less capable of achieving its stated policy objectives in the Middle East and the Islamic Republic is becoming more capable of achieving its objectives. This reality should prompt a fundamental recasting of America's "grand strategy" in this critical part of the world.

A version of this post will appear on RaceForIran.com

 
 
 
  • Comments
  • 140
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2  Next ›  Last »  (2 total)
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
buttonz
06:29 PM on 10/17/2010
Thanks to Iran we see a Middle East arms race. Good job.

Iran has constantly displayed its intentions for regional hegemony by creating and backing insurgent groups in Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, Gaza, Iraq, etc.

Then they have what is clearly a nuclear weapons program (no one who deems that they are seeking only nuclear power builds only one plant that could power .01%). The West isn't buying this and neither are the Arab countries.
09:47 AM on 10/18/2010
" Iran’s annual defense budget of roughly $10 billion excludes much of its spending on defense industry, missile programs, support of foreign non-state actors, nuclear capability and intelligence activity. The total is likely to be in the range of $12 billion to $14 billion—less than the United Arab Emirates, and only between 25 percent to 33 percent of Saudi defense spending. Iran spends only about 20 percent of the amount allocated by the six sheikhdoms in the Gulf Cooperation Council – a consistent trend since the Iran-Iraq War ended in 1988."

Anthony Cordesman
http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/conventional-military
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Baghooli
Immortals!
07:50 PM on 10/16/2010
Majority of western civilization want to be feared and rule over since a time of Romans as have been documented by their foreign subjects under their rule, Iranians want to be loved and live ever since Cyrus the Great as have been documented by their subjects under their rule, US did try the policy of winning hearts and minds for a while but unfortunately gave it up too easily after a few setbacks, she should get back on that track since it doesn't have to be exclusively Iranian trait, I'm sure average peoples can love more than one party at a same time if they don't feel they're being subjugated, it's not competition!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
buttonz
06:18 PM on 10/17/2010
And so did and does Iran. Heck, barely half the population of Iran is actually Persian, how do you think all those minorities became part of their empire?

Western guilt is no excuse justifying Iranian imperial ambitions.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Baghooli
Immortals!
08:17 PM on 10/18/2010
Mainly money dear! When any government invest in a prosperity of a province, that province regardless of ethnicities want to stay as a part of that nation rather than be a poor independent country, Porto Rico is a US example and Azerbaijan is a Iran example, Iranian Azerbaijan GDP dwarfs that of Azerbaijan nation by far, by contrast province of Baluchistan is much poorer and that's why there are security problems in Iran's Baluchistan!
Every Iranian provinces were the seat of central government of Iran one time or another during Iranian history, unfortunately foreigners are only familiar with Greek coined "Persian" and wrongly assume they are a monolithic block of people which were/are the only ruling power inside of Iran since antiquity, correct name is Iranian and Iranians always demand for a better government even during best of times, nagging is their pastime :)
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
hu.man
transformation through communication
12:23 PM on 10/16/2010
Washington needs to establish a back channel to Tehran and start negotiating unconditionally with the Iranian regime. Even the smallest measure of progress with Iran bodes enormously well for the entire region.

There really is no viable alternative in Iran other than those who are running the show now. Extracting microscopic concessions from them can go a long way toward increasing peace and stability in the region.

Obama administration has so far been less than fruitful in moving American foreign policy toward a diminished confrontation posture where there has been raging conflicts of interests. We need some major new foreign policy initiatives that demonstrate our greater goodwill and intention to resolve pestering conflicts in the world.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
buttonz
06:20 PM on 10/17/2010
The Iranian regime is a pocket empire. They have and still do arm, train and LEAD proxy forces in order to overthrow regional governments. Even the sovereign nation of Bahrain is considered an Iranian province on Iranian maps.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
buttonz
06:31 PM on 10/17/2010
Get a clue.

Iran wants to increase its influence in the region and the world by means of nuclear and asymmetric blackmail. This is not an issue of Iran being able to achieve self determination which seems to be the populist propaganda slogan.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
06:42 AM on 10/18/2010
Israel is the real oppressor of native population, and true aggressor against Iran. Israel has threatened Iran with nuclear holocaust.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
11:44 AM on 10/16/2010
Barring massive security leaks, how do authors know anything about these issues?

Seriously, do they know what Obama and Hillary know, or what they are doing, what they say to foreign leaders, the actual subjects of negotiations?

I hope not, and I doubt it. But somehow their analysis is insightful, not.
photo
CanisLatrans
Progressive/2nd Amendment Jewish Iraq war vet.
11:25 AM on 10/16/2010
How interesting. Apparently, any comment that says we shouldn't blame Israel for everything gets deleted.

I guess sometimes the Party does indeed find you.
08:14 AM on 10/16/2010
Those who follow Iran are not even wrong. And so long as Iran is nutered by the US into "soft power" displays then we and Israel win.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MalleusMaleficarum
Global nomad.
06:23 AM on 10/16/2010
This is a measured and excellent synopsis of the decline of American power through outmoded policies (hard-power) and outdated ideologies (neoconservatism). While it was evident that Obama wanted to reconfigure the hard power equations vis a vis Iran, pressures from his political right -- much of it inhabiting his own political party -- prevented him from achieving a post-hard-power dialogue with Iran. Iran does clearly have the upper hand, not only in the region (Middle East) but globally with backing now from China, Russia and Brazil -- the non-aligned nations that are now the majority in Latin America, Asia and a growing trend in Europe. Of course, Iran is aided by the ongoing repression of the Palestinians by successive governments of Israel and US support for what others see as the denial of human rights of the Palestinians -- a foolish policy that plays into the hands of revolutionary Iran.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
02:02 PM on 10/16/2010
Great analysis. These US is losing all credibility by continuing to back Israel with the flagrant violations of human rights, and non recognition of the Geneve conventions of which Israel is a signator.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
05:00 AM on 10/16/2010
The US is losing it's power due it's pariah status among the people of the world

due it's military might, that pariah status is not shared by governments of the people of the world except in private

Iran is losing it's pariah status due its power among the people of the world

due to it's moral might (simply the legality of it's actions and it's standing firm for it's rights) , that power is not respected by governments of the people of the world except in private
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GZLives
12:41 PM on 10/16/2010
"Iran is losing it's pariah status due its power among the people of the world"

Well I guess we have very short memories ... of Iranians being beat up and carted away by the current regime.

Thankfully, most everyone knows what a vile tyrannical regime this is and who are the good guys and who aren't ....
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
01:23 PM on 10/17/2010
I dunno, you know, almost all government is tyrannical and vile in some way, it's all about degrees of control that result from the strength or weakness of the framework being mixed in with human frailty: greed, corruption, love of power and status

when it comes to Iran, there are many that believe that its regimes actions are a thousand times more moral and honorable than that of the US regime, death for death, injustice for injustice, vile act for vile act, the facts may also support this (even if you discounted nagasaki and hiroshima). Also, considering how the US political system, while allowing for freedom of expression and much personal liberty, is subservient to capitalist interests to such a point that EFFECTIVE representative democracy has been subverted, disfranchising the voting public from their their right to direct government in a meaningful way. And finally in terms of social and economic well being of the voters the US government gets an F as much as the Iranian if not a double F....

so really in terms of vile murderous and illegal actions on the world stage and the EFFECTIVE disfranchisement of the voting public to the benefit of a military industrial complex, the US regime is way ahead of the Iranian

the voters, the peoples of both nations may be moral, proud and fair minded on average, but both governments have a lot to answer for with the US having a lot more to answer for than Iran
photo
karim banned
A fool's mind is at the mercy of his tongue and a
04:38 AM on 10/16/2010
Very nice and honest article about Iran with no propaganda.

It is very rare to read such an objective article without propaganda nowadays.

In this particular case a better title for the article could be:

Iran's "Soft Power" Checkmates U.S. Power.
photo
checkmoot
We have met the enemy and he is us.
01:19 AM on 10/16/2010
If they don't do what we say, screwem, we still have twenty four aircraft carriers and cruise missiles stacdked to the rafters. Soft power doesn't count when we can blow them off the map. Ask the Iraqis.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nb693
10:53 AM on 10/16/2010
1) The problem is that the 24 aircraft carriers, etc., are becoming fast Chinese property !
(You can't spend and war forever... Ask the Romans, or the English)

2) Even if "we can blow them off the map" and is done, would we be safe ? Assuming we somehow would be, would you be able to get to work with the price of oil ?

3) Ask the Iraqis. They will tell you that Iraq is the worst example of how the US army tipped its hand, it showed unless you have a population behind you, you are free to invade, build bases and stay trapped inside. They might also say, don't believe us, look at Afghanistan.

It seem softpower is a better strategy.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ariveria
11:25 PM on 10/15/2010
another legacy of the reagan years.

they would not take any action against iran because without them they never would have won the election

then their cut and run policy in lebanon is brought hezbollah to power.

this was compounded by bush ii with his invasion of iraq. it eliminated the only regional power able to stand up to iran.

way to republican/conservatives. guess we can expect more of the same

"We used to hustle over the border for health care we received in Canada," Sarah Palin March 8, 2010
come on sarah where were you born. Show us the birth certificate
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
PRONESE
Somewhat Opinionated Curmudgeon
09:43 PM on 10/15/2010
It all comes down to the fact that the U.S. could Nuke them till they glow and use their a$$es for landing lights.
The Iranian leadership is well aware of this fact.
R/ PRONESE
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ariveria
11:35 PM on 10/15/2010
yeah right

no we cant and they know it.

as long as we wont develop alternative energy they know they are in the drivers seat.

"We used to hustle over the border for health care we received in Canada," Sarah Palin March 8, 2010
come on sarah where were you born. Show us the birth certificate
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
PRONESE
Somewhat Opinionated Curmudgeon
06:46 AM on 10/16/2010
Please review the data for the top 15 suppliers of crude oil to the United States in the following link.
Link: http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_level_imports/current/import.html
Note that the country of Iran is not on this list.
No credit to Sarah Palin on her knowledge of the politics of oil I see. Just an attack.
More Coffee.
R/ PRONESE
12:09 AM on 10/16/2010
That mentality is precisely why US influence is on the decline and Iran's star is high. The world operates on survival of the wisest today.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
PRONESE
Somewhat Opinionated Curmudgeon
06:38 AM on 10/16/2010
Morning John,
It is also the same mentality the keeps the starving hoards from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) from crossing the DMZ and marching South to Wando, South Korea.
More Coffee.
R/ PRONESE
08:24 AM on 10/16/2010
Iran is deeply, deeply hated in the world of Sunni Muslims, and no Shi will be permitted to run an Arab country (Iraq). Once Hezbollah fighters are found in Venezuela Chavez will be “shown the exit” by US forces becuase, after all, it is our sphere in influence. The coming war with Iran will be total and transforming- Israel will sweep up and transform the Middle East. Lebanon and the Golan Heights will be annexed into greater Israel and Syria will be defanged much to the pleasure of her neighbors.

God is truely great.
09:22 PM on 10/15/2010
Soft power=money. Get real.

Iran created Hezbollah, an international organisation by the way, to overtake Amal, the tradition Shi'a Lebanese faction, because Amal did not want a war with Israel, and Khomenist ideology fantasises a genocidal war against Israel as the crucial part of getting Sunni Arab Muslim states to recognise the "leadership" of Iran and unite Islam.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ariveria
11:36 PM on 10/15/2010
you forget what hezbollah great. reagan and his cut and run policy.

they defeated the good ole us of a once and . . .

"We used to hustle over the border for health care we received in Canada," Sarah Palin March 8, 2010
come on sarah where were you born. Show us the birth certificate
09:29 AM on 10/16/2010
Hezbollah's days are number, it's end is coming and soon.
09:15 PM on 10/15/2010
Iran's success in the Middle East is due to the fact that they understand power and our "progressive" leadership in Washington does not. Just look at the facts. Iran is in the process of destroying Lebanon. It is killing Americans in Iraq & Afganistan. It is undermining all of our allies in the Middle East. It has lied to the US and the international community about its nuclear plans. It is thumbing its nose at the UN & US sanctions and continues to build nuclear weapons. It is threatening to wipe Israel off the face of the earth. What is the Obama administration's response? Are we attempting to use our power and destroy these people? No. Obama wants to talk to them and engage them. No wonder they don't take him seriously.
09:19 PM on 10/15/2010
Nonsensical and utter rubbish propaganda.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ariveria
11:44 PM on 10/15/2010
since everything you mention in your post has been going on for at least 7 years before obama became president let me ask you what bush was doing about them.

the two biggest aids they have to their power both came from reagan.

first his cut and run policy in lebanon

second his ending of the program to make the good ole us of a energy independent. instead we "let the market place decide" this gave iran and other radical islamic terrorist all the money they need to carry out attacks, build nuclear weapons, etc.

lenin said "we will hand the capitalist and they will sell us the rope." the modern islamic terrorist says "we will destroy the great satan and sell them the oil to finance it."

"We used to hustle over the border for health care we received in Canada," Sarah Palin March 8, 2010
come on sarah where were you born. Show us the birth certificate
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
gutenmorgen
a.k.a. crowsnest
06:33 PM on 10/15/2010
The sad if not alarming fact is that Gibbs' boss apparently cannot understand that Ahmadinejad is considered a "liberator" in many places of the Mid-and Near East especially among the poor and oppressed.
09:24 PM on 10/15/2010
Other than Shi'a southern Lebanon and some shi'a remote small parts of Yemen, name one.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Pasterczyk
Banned!
11:43 PM on 10/15/2010
Iranian ascendancy in the Mideast is the direct result of Dubya's ill-informed invasion of Iraq. No other country had the population to keep Iranian desires to expand their power in the Persian Gulf in check, and now that we have the Shiite vs. Sunni power struggle in Iraq the country is weakened to the point where Iran is freely sending in advisors and agitators. Heckuva job, Dubbie!
photo
CanisLatrans
Progressive/2nd Amendment Jewish Iraq war vet.
10:13 AM on 10/16/2010
Especially considering that the Iranians hated the Taliban and Saddam regime probably more than we did; they were potentially workable allies in the region. But ol' W had the "hate Iran" policy on automatic pilot... probably to assuage the Saudis, who see Iran as a rival.

But... we can do without the Saudis, IMO.