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Fr. Richard Rohr

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Mysticism In Religion: Three Ways to View the Sunset

Posted: 02/11/11 09:02 PM ET

Three men stood by the ocean, looking at the same sunset.

One man saw the immense physical beauty and enjoyed the event in itself. This man was the "sensate" type who, like 80 percent of the world, deals with what he can see, feel, touch, move, and fix. This was enough reality for him, for he had little interest in larger ideas, intuitions, or the grand scheme of things. He saw with his first eye, which was good.

A second man saw the sunset. He enjoyed all the beauty that the first man did. Like all lovers of coherent thought, technology, and science, he also enjoyed his power to make sense of the universe and explain what he discovered. He thought about the cyclical rotations of planets and stars. Through imagination, intuition, and reason, he saw with his second eye, which was even better.

The third man saw the sunset, knowing and enjoying all that the first and the second men did. But in his ability to progress from seeing to explaining to "tasting," he also remained in awe before an underlying mystery, coherence, and spaciousness that connected him with everything else. He used his third eye, which is the full goal of all seeing and all knowing. This was the best.

The Urgent Need For Contemplative Seeing

Third-eye seeing is the way the mystics see. They do not reject the first eye; the senses matter to them, but they know there is more. Nor do they reject the second eye; but they know not to confuse knowledge with depth or mere correct information with the transformation of consciousness itself.¹ The mystical gaze builds upon the first two eyes -- and yet goes further. It happens whenever, by some wondrous "coincidence," our heart space, our mind space, and our body awareness are all simultaneously open and nonresistant. I like to call it presence. It is experienced as a moment of deep inner connection, and it always pulls you, intensely satisfied, into the naked and undefended now, which can involve both profound joy and profound sadness. At that point, you either want to write poetry, pray, or be utterly silent.

In the early medieval period, two Christian philosophers at the monastery of St. Victor in Paris had names for these three ways of seeing, and these names had a great influence on scholars and seekers in the Western tradition. Hugh of St. Victor (1078-1141) and Richard of St. Victor (1123-1173) wrote that humanity was given three different sets of eyes, each building on the previous one. The first eye was the eye of the flesh (thought or sight), the second was the eye of reason (meditation or reflection), and the third eye was the eye of true understanding (contemplation).²

I cannot emphasize strongly enough that the separation and loss of these three necessary eyes is the basis of much of the short-sight-edness and religious crises of the Western world. Lacking such wisdom, it is very difficult for churches, governments, and leaders to move beyond ego, the desire for control, and public posturing. Everything divides into oppositions such as liberal vs. conservative, with vested interests pulling against one another. Truth is no longer possible at this level of conversation. Even theology becomes more a quest for power than a search for God and Mystery.

One wonders how far spiritual and political leaders can genuinely lead us without some degree of mystical seeing and action. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that "us-and-them" seeing, and the dualistic thinking that results, is the foundation of almost all discontent and violence in the world.³ It allows heads of religion and state to avoid their own founders, their own national ideals, and their own better instincts. Lacking the contemplative gaze, such leaders will remain mere functionaries and technicians, without any big picture to guide them for the long term. The world and the churches are filled with such people, often using God language as a cover for their own lack of certainty or depth.

The third-eye person has always been the saint, the seer, the poet, the metaphysician, or the authentic mystic who grasped the whole picture. There is more to the mystical gaze, however, than having "ecstatic visions." If people have ignored the first and the second eyes, their hold on the third eye is often temporary, shallow, and incapable of being shared with anybody else. We need true mystics who see with all three sets of eyes, not eccentrics, fanatics, or rebels. The true mystic is always both humble and compassionate, for she knows that she does not know.

What It Means To Be A Mystic

Now do not let the word "mystic" scare you off. It simply means one who has moved from mere belief systems or belonging systems to actual inner experience. All spiritual traditions agree that such a movement is possible, desirable, and available to everyone. In fact, Jesus seems to say that this is the whole point! (See, for example, John 10:19-38.)

Some call this movement conversion, some call it enlightenment, some transformation, and some holiness. It is Paul's "third heaven," where he "heard things that must not and cannot be put into human language" (2 Corinthians 12:2, 4). Consciously or not, far too much organized religion has a vested interest in keeping you in the first or second heaven, where all can be put into proper language and deemed certain. This keeps you coming back to church, and it keeps us clergy in business.

This is not usually the result of ill will on anybody's part; it's just that you can lead people only as far as you yourself have gone. Transformed people transform people. From the way they talk so glibly about what is always Mystery, it's clear that many clergy have never enjoyed the third heaven themselves, and they cannot teach what they do not know. Theological training without spiritual experience is deadly.

We are ready to see and taste the full sunset now and no longer need to prove it or even describe it. We just enjoy it -- and much more!

1. Richard of St. Victor, Classics of Western Spirituality (New York: Paulist Press, 1979), De Sacramentis, I,X,ii, and The Mystical Ark (Benjamin Major), III-IV.

2. See David Berreby, Us and Them: The Science of Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).

3. Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy (New York: Harper, 1945), 294-95.

Three Ways to View the Sunset," Chapter Three of The Naked Now: Learning to See as The Mystics See, by Richard Rohr, copyright © Richard Rohr 2009, (The Crossroad Publishing Company 2009), was published in the October-December 2009, Volume 22, Number 4 of 'Radical Grace', with permission of The Crossroad Publishing Company.

 
 
 
Three men stood by the ocean, looking at the same sunset. One man saw the immense physical beauty and enjoyed the event in itself. This man was the "sensate" type who, like 80 percent of the world, ...
Three men stood by the ocean, looking at the same sunset. One man saw the immense physical beauty and enjoyed the event in itself. This man was the "sensate" type who, like 80 percent of the world, ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tabuism
06:16 PM on 03/09/2011
Fundamental to Hindu concepts of time and space is the notion that the external world is a product of the creative play of maya (illusion).

"After a cycle of universal dissolution, the Supreme Being decides to recreate the cosmos so that we souls can experience worlds of shape and solidity. Very subtle atoms begin to combine, eventually generating a cosmic wind that blows heavier and heavier atoms together. Souls depending on their karma earned in previous world systems, spontaneously draw to themselves atoms that coalesce into an appropriate body." - The Prashasta Pada.

As in modern physics, Hindu cosmology envisaged the universe as having a cyclical nature. The end of each kalpa brought about by Shiva's dance is also the beginning of the next. Rebirth follows destruction.

Unlike the West, which lives in a historical world, India is rooted in a timeless universe of eternal return: everything which happens has already done so many times before, though in different guises.
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Tabuism
06:14 PM on 03/09/2011
Chuang Tzu said: We posses our body by chance and we are already pleased with it. If our physical bodies went through ten thousand transformations without end, how incomparable would this joy be! Therefore the sage roams freely in the realm in which nothing can escape and all endures. Those who regard dying a premature death, getting old, and the beginning and the end of life as equally good are followed by others. How much more is that to which all things belong and on which the whole process of transformation depends (that is, Tao)?"

Polarity arises from the Taoist view of the cosmologic­al origins of the universe: Before existence there was an idea--an Absolute. The Chinese call it T'ai Chi, the Supreme Ultimate. The Absolute, in a sudden and tremendous desire to know itself, divided itself from non-existe­nce in a cataclysmi­c event resulting in endless cause and effect--an event that neatly parallels the so-called Big Bang Theory. Instantly, space was formed and time began, and two charged states came into being, yin (negative) and yang (positive)­. As a result of the complement­ary polarity of yin and yang, matter and energy, that were at first undifferen­tiated, separated and regrouped into the physical reality that became our universe.
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09:41 PM on 02/26/2011
This post is meaningful regardless of one's religion or spiritual beliefs. I don't know if it's true, though, that most people are limited in their perception. Think it's more that we tend to rush through life. When you stop and think you get to contemplation pretty quickly.
11:43 AM on 02/20/2011
I have only recently discovered Fr Richard Rohr but the books I have at the
moment I am absolutely devouring them. Learning to see as the mystics see will be my next!
Through prayer and Gods Grace i hope to be able to live in the imperfect now without needing to fix and control and label..Thank you Fr Richard
10:42 AM on 02/26/2011
Fr ROHR is indeed a leading voice in contemporary spirituality the contemplative life. The D. L. Dykes, Jr. Foundation is featuring RHOR in a FAITHANDREASON® seminar (www.faithandreason.org), April 8 & 9, in Baton Rouge, LA. Titled "The Change That Changes Everything," Fr. ROHR will speak to a nearly sold-out crowd. ROHR is a remarkably engaging thought-provoking speaker.
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Jeffrey Small
11:30 AM on 02/17/2011
This post reminds me of the Buddhist tale of the Zen master who said, "Before I began my practice, I only saw a mountain as a mountain and a river as a river. After years of practice, mountains became more than mountains and rivers became more than rivers. Now, I see rightly that mountains are mountains and rivers are rivers."
10:00 PM on 02/16/2011
SEEING:
Most of my seeing
is an illusion
because I see with two things,
my eyes
and my mind.
Objects appear to me
to be real
as my mind sees them.
Soul sees the spaces
between things.
My mind does not.
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Joel Mendez
producer of The Raptor Jesus Show, and REV.
09:37 AM on 02/15/2011
this is not confined to religion: in the japanese martial arts, such as kendo and aikido, which i practice, there is the notion of zanshin-being in the moment, fully physically aware, and if you are fortunate, this moment can become a moment of satori-sudden enlightenment-the problem is, it's not 'mystical'-today, neuroscience is homing in on what brain processes occur at these moments. you do a disservice sir, to those who are grasping at the edge of this mystery, since there is always another mystery, another moment to ponder-calling or thinking of this as 'mystery' merely places you squarely in the path of the practitioner, thwarting his or her progress. each moment of 'tasting', as you say, can only lead to more such experiences, but only if the veils of mist are pulled away-which is what science does-and no, understanding diminishes not one whit the moment-love is still love, despite our knowledge of human biology and neurochemistry.
09:28 PM on 02/14/2011
Very provocative and interesting. I see similar concepts worldwide -- the "Red Way" of the Shoshone is descriptive of this sort of thing. Those who perceive in this manner tend to also have fewer social barriers as this "seeing" transcends national boundaries.

It can be contentious I suppose if one person's seeing differs from another, and to avoid contention I suspect many more people "see" than admit to it.

The movie "Avatar" hints at it rather loudly with the phrase "I see you."
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StopCensoringMe
Aghast at the stupidity and bigotry
02:36 PM on 02/14/2011
Beautiful piece. Thank you. But, I must take exception to one of your comments.

"All spiritual traditions agree that such a movement is possible, desirable, and available to everyone."

Simply not true. Actually, quite the contrary. The early Christian church wiped out the Gnostics. Sufism was so persecuted by early Islam that they resorted to using allegory to talk about what the Truth for fear of death (Rumi, Kabir, Hafiz, etc.). Around 1000 AD, the religious right of India, the devout Hindus, virtually exterminated the tantric traditions. Truth is, "religion" cannot abide mysticism. For to truly "Know" eliminates the need for the middleman and that just wouldn't do.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
gransview
"Reality is just a collective hunch" L Tomlin
09:21 AM on 02/15/2011
Rather brilliant!

f/f
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Joel Mendez
producer of The Raptor Jesus Show, and REV.
09:41 AM on 02/15/2011
more to the point-each moment of, as the japanese call it, zanshin, is unique-there can be no understanding that can be communicated in any meaningful sense of the word, all the mechanisms perhaps, but not the feeling-no more than i can 'feel' pregnant, though i can perhaps understand what is happening in a woman's body-claiming 'mystery' puts all religions in the way of anyone who has such an experience, by calling it 'mystery', religions deny the individual's capacity to understand it as the phenomena it is-and it stifles progressive experience of such moments.
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Allan Richter
02:33 PM on 02/14/2011
“Now do not let the word "mystic" scare you off. It simply means one who has moved from mere belief systems or belonging systems to actual inner experience. All spiritual traditions agree that such a movement is possible, desirable, and available to everyone.†(Fr. Richard Rohr)

Within Judaism there is renewed interest in Kaballah, the Jewish theosophic or mystical tradition which also includes a meditative tradition. The renewed interest both among Jews and non-Jews has been stimulated by the desire for “actual inner experienceâ€.

Within Judaism there are traditionally four levels of interpretation, the mystical is the fourth level. All four levels are valid.
04:29 AM on 02/14/2011
How about the beauty of what it is? The Earth spinning around and around allowing for sunlight to reach all parts which allows for the energy of the sun to reach the surface causing plants to grow which feeds the world. I know it was a bit of a run-on sentence, but there need not be any mysticism to the beauty of the world. Knowledge of how it works only makes the world more beautiful rather then clouding it in some mystery.

Who ever said ignorance is bliss, missed the true beauty of knowledge.
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Pandoras Folly
This Micro-bio is of legendary quality
03:52 PM on 02/14/2011
mysticism is not clouding and it is not ignorance, these are the opposite of mysticism. The problem comes from trying to explain the experience to those that have not experienced it, like explaining what salty is when they don't know sweetness.

"The Earth spinning around and around allowing for sunlight to reach all parts which allows for the energy of the sun to reach the surface causing plants to grow which feeds the world." The world is that and so much more
05:35 AM on 02/15/2011
Personal experience is not evidence. We can measure salty and sweetness. Explaining, yes that might be a little difficult.

As for defining mysticism, it is rather difficult as the meaning shifts slightly from person to person or religion to religioun. But, as far as cloudy goes, the meaning is subjective therefore there is no real clarity. As the "clarity" is defined by the person experience which is not quantifiable. And to some degree when looking at mysticism through religious contexts it is an ignorance thing as it would be using faith as a cornerstone.

There is nothing wrong with ignorance. I am ignorant of many things, but the knowledge that I am ignorant is clarity of a different sort.

The world does not need be more then what it is. Which is amazing when you examine it through the spectrum of science. The reality of the world is more amazing then any sort of mysticism can bring to it. Learning the way things work is clarity.
06:18 PM on 02/13/2011
Not bad as far as it goes. But in fact there is yet another eye, the fourth eye. This is the eye that has indeed absorbed the sensate, articulated the explicable, and bathed in the nectar of beingness. Yet it goes further, far further. The fourth eye groks what the mystic does not, that beingness is no mystery, that enjoying the moment is limited, that deep subjectivity bestows no non-trivial truths, and that we have not one but many higher purposes. At that point, when you have stepped beyond the childish desire to let your consciousness expand to embrace all by letting yourself shrink to a vanishing point, at that point, you come to understand just how remarkable science is. For it is science that has given us the Hubble pictures of distant star nurseries, not gazing at our navels, or the sunset, no matter how imponderable we may consider them to be.
09:29 PM on 02/14/2011
"For it is science that has given us the Hubble pictures of distant star nurseries, not gazing at our navels, "

Obviously; but WHY did the human race build the Hubble telescope, or any telescope?
08:59 AM on 02/15/2011
I know this may sound a bit obvious, but how about - because some very curious individuals wanted to know more about the heavens. Hordes of people had no such raging interest of course. Indeed, pioneers such as Galileo were persecuted for this very curiosity. But fortunately some of us have an insatiable need to know and they provide the necessary momentum from which we all ultimately benefit.
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Trueheart
Member, Endangered Species
05:12 PM on 02/13/2011
I'd like to read Father Rohr's take on the phenomenon which appeared over Jerusalem's Dome of the Rock on January 28th 2011. It has moved me squarely out of my Doubting Thomas status. There are 4 good videos of it on YT.
02:47 PM on 02/13/2011
The sun goes up, the sun goes down. Never a miscommunication.
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Nigel Patel
People who are against government, govern badly
06:12 AM on 02/14/2011
Sometimes I have to remind myself that the sun is not moving in relation to the earth but that we are both spinning in place and revolving around the sun. As far as I can tell there is no communication involved at all.
09:30 PM on 02/14/2011
"The sun goes up, the sun goes down."

If it ever goes down the same way it came up (east), do let me know!
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Slate 1947
Lead me not into temptation. I can find it myself.
02:45 PM on 02/13/2011
"Consciously or not, far too much organized religion has a vested interest in keeping you in the first or second heaven, where all can be put into proper language and deemed certain. This keeps you coming back to church, and it keeps us clergy in business."

It's been my experience that the fear of death keeps people coming back to church, and it's used constantly. Do what you are told, and spend a blissful eternity with God. Disobey [insert dogma here] and you will spend an eternity of torment and unending pain at the hand of the devil. It's the devil that has kept the clergy in business. Without fear, what is the need of a god?
09:30 PM on 02/14/2011
"It's been my experience that the fear of death keeps people coming back to church,"

How have you determined this? Do you operate an exit poll and ask people, "Why did you come to church today?"

I'll hold off on further critique until you have answered.
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Slate 1947
Lead me not into temptation. I can find it myself.
07:10 PM on 02/17/2011
Sorry for the late reply, I just found your post.

The strongest fear man has, is the fear of death. People that believe, think they'll continue to live after they die. The fear of he11 has been a very effective 'stick' for those who believe in such a place. The fear of dying and going to he11 keeps people in the church. Satan after all, has kept the church in business for all of these centuries, no "exit poll" required. It's common knowledge, and available to anyone who cares to investigat­e.