Last week President Obama called for a national ocean policy to protect critical marine ecosystems. At the same time, climate negotiators wrapped up a major international meeting in Bonn. These may seem like two unrelated events--one is about water, after all, and the other about air. But in fact, the global warming talks and the health of the oceans are deeply intertwined.
A new film called Acid Test powerfully illustrates the fateful connection between global warming and our oceans. Acid Test will be featured on the Discovery Planet Green in August, and the channel just released a trailer for the film. You can watch it here.
I am very proud of this film. It was co-directed by NRDC's Daniel Hinerfeld, and it is narrated by my college roommate and dear friend Sigourney Weaver. It also draws on the expertise of NRDC's Dr. Lisa Suatoni to explain what has only recently emerged as a serious threat.
As Dr. Suatoni explained in a recent post, we have known for some time that oceans are like giant sponges that absorb carbon dioxide. Scientists used to think this was a good thing, since it reduced the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. But the pace and volume at which carbon dioxide is being pumped into the seas have grown so dramatically that the oceans are becoming overburdened.
High carbon dioxide levels are changing the ocean's pH and making the water more acidic. As water becomes more acidic, it causes a drop in the amount of carbonate -- a key component of shells. When carbonate levels fall, it is more difficult for organisms to make their shells, which become thinner and more brittle.
Corals will be especially hard-hit. Coral reefs are already suffering a death of a thousand cuts from pollution, warming temperatures, and overfishing. Many scientists worry that more acidic water will deliver the final blow that pushes corals into extinction.
But a central thrust of Acid Test is that solutions exist. Marine biologists have noticed that coral reefs undamaged by pollution and fishing are still thriving despite warmer water and lower pH levels. This means ocean life that remains healthy has a better chance of weathering the onslaught of global warming than species weakened by other environmental impacts.
NRDC is pushing Congress to ensure that ocean protections are included in any global warming legislation it passes.
We must act now to cut carbon dioxide emissions, which will protect all life on the planet, including in our vast oceans. And we must act now to convert to clean energy solutions. As Sigourney Weaver says in the film, "We can go on as we have, or we can move beyond fossil fuels. We have to choose."
NRDC has also been pressing federal agencies for years to help revive ailing ocean ecosystems by halting overfishing, reducing pollution, and creating marine reserves--the equivalent of national parks in the oceans. The Presidential Memorandum Obama released last Friday could be an excellent start.
You also have a role to play in protecting the world's oceans and their marine life. You can tell your representatives to pass the American Clean Energy and Security Act--a bill to reduce global warming pollution that will likely go to a vote in the next month or so. You can also click here to tell your representative to co-sponsor the Healthy Oceans Act. And don't forget to check with Planet Green about local air times for ACID TEST.
This post originally appeared on NRDC's Switchboard blog.
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Final portion of Adelaide quote:
Ask your local warmer:
1. Why was CO2 15 times higher than now in the Ordovician-Silurian glaciation?
2. Why were both methane and CO2 higher than now in the Permian glaciation?
3. Why was CO2 5 times higher than now in the Cretaceous-Jurassic glaciation?
The process of removing CO2 from the atmosphere via the oceans has led to carbonate deposition (i.e. CO2 sequestration).
The atmosphere once had at least 25 times the current CO2 content, we are living at a time when CO2 is the lowest it has been for billions of years, we continue to remove CO2 via carbonate sedimentation from the oceans and the oceans continue to be buffered by water-rock reactions (as shown by Walker et al. 1981).
The literature on this subject is large yet the warmers chose to ignore this literature.
These feldspar and silicate buffering reactions are well understood, there is a huge amount of thermodynamic data on these reactions and they just happened to be omitted from argument by the warmers.
When ocean pH changes, the carbon species responds and in more acid oceans CO2 as a dissolved gas becomes more abundant.
Prof. Adelaide continues:
In the Precambrian, it is these reactions that rapidly responded to huge changes in climate (-40 deg C to +50 deg C), large sea level changes (+ 600m to -640m) and rapid climate shifts over a few thousand years from ’snowball’ or ’slushball’ Earth to very hot conditions (e.g. Neoproterozoic cap carbonates that formed in water at ~50 deg C lie directly on glacial rocks). During these times, there were rapid changes in oceanic pH and CO2 was removed from the oceans as carbonate. It is from this time onwards (750 Ma) that life started to extract huge amounts of CO2 from the oceans, life has expanded and diversified and this process continues (which is why we have low CO2 today.
The history of CO2 and temperature shows that there is no correlation.
In response to a question concerning the likelihood of our oceans becoming acidic from global warming Ian Plimer, University of Adelaide, has replied:
THE oceans have remained alkaline during the Phanerozoic (last 540 million years) except for a very brief and poorly understood time 55 million years ago.
Rainwater (pH 5.6) reacts with the most common minerals on Earth (feldspars) to produce clays, this is an acid consuming reaction, alkali and alkaline earths are leached into the oceans (which is why we have saline oceans), silica is redeposited as cements in sediments, the reaction consumes acid and is accelerated by temperature (see below).
In the oceans, there is a buffering reaction between the sea floor basalts and sea water (see below). Sea water has a local and regional variation in pH (pH 7.8 to 8.3). It should be noted that pH is a log scale and that if we are to create acid oceans, then there is not enough CO2 in fossil fuels to create oceanic acidity because most of the planet’s CO2 is locked up in rocks.
When we run out of rocks on Earth or plate tectonics ceases, then we will have acid oceans.
Don't worry, folks, if you succeed with your campaign, and the Congress gets the billions in increased revenues it wants, you won't hear anything more about ocean acidification until the next time they need money.
The vast majority of world scientists agree the window is short to prevent disaster. We may have only 6 to 10 years - as the UN Intergovernmental Commission on Climate Change told U.S. Senators. "We're toast if we don't get on a very different path," James Hansen, Director of the Goddard Institute of Space Sciences, told The Associated Press. "This is the last chance. Human life, the planet itself, is at a critical juncture. How we respond, and how quickly, matters."
So incestuous. Notice how all of it always circles back to Hansen, sooner or later, and IPCC?
How very interesting. Global warming didn't sell, so we go to climate change. Hmmm, didn't get a good demographic response to our polling there. Let's try Adidification of the Oceans and see if we can scare people with that one!!!
HI Guys, an evil egomaniac warming 'denier" here!
'Acid Test' is the name of the movie- count how many times ACID(IC)(IFICATION) etc is used.
In actual fact the oceans are...... ALKALINE! that's right! it's actually pretty cool, the infusion of Co2 into the oceans is not only providing the essential nutrients for all ocean life at the foundation of the food chain, but is also neutralizing the alkalinity of the water- (making it less bleach like)
I do not pretend to be an expert, this is quite basic science, actually quite interesting when you get into it,
We can all understand this, don't ever let a politician or journalist tell you you are not smart enough to understand the science yourself.
At the very least you will no longer be so prone to movies like this that prey on the scientifically illiterate.
The acidification of the worlds oceans, alone, should give pause to the climate change deniers. Let's assume, for a moment, that they are right regarding the impact of co2 on climate. Right or wrong, acidification is reason enough to transition to clean, alternative energy on the energy efficiency path.
Nothing will give pause to the deniers. They are basically egomaniacs who would rather pretend to be real experts and sit around slinging nonsense than to show any real concern or understanding for the global ecology. They are really a problem for a psychiatrist to unravel.
warm oceans release CO2 silly..
which would lead to LESS acidification!
The governor of the state where I live just called a conference of resource managers and fishery interests. There is great concern about oyster production and other seafoods due to acidification. This is already having an economic impact.
uh.. say elmerfude. .
if CO2 causes warming and warm oceans release CO2 not absorb it..
then you should be for more warming CO2 not less!
TEN YEARS TO BE OR NOT TO BE?
That is the LIFE and DEATH QUESTION!
The survival of ourselves, our children and grandchildren demands that we put arguments about climate change aside - and take a look at our most urgent problem, the effects of Carbon Dioxide - CO2 - on humans and animals on our planet.
“Out of sight, out of mind,” is a pithy saying that aptly sums up the attitude most industrialized countries have toward ocean acidification. While there has been much (justified) hand-wringing about the terrestrial impacts of climate change, policymakers have largely ignored the threats posed by acidic seas – which are considerable.
The vast majority of world scientists agree the window is short to prevent disaster. We may have only 6 to 10 years - as the UN Intergovernmental Commission on Climate Change told U.S. Senators. "We're toast if we don't get on a very different path," James Hansen, Director of the Goddard Institute of Space Sciences, told The Associated Press. "This is the last chance. Human life, the planet itself, is at a critical juncture. How we respond, and how quickly, matters.”
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