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Natural Gas: Good for the Economy, Good for the Environment

Posted: 09/18/11 05:37 PM ET

From a perspective of more than three decades of experience in energy program management and regulation, I can truly appreciate the incredible technological and regulatory strides our country has made. And looking back at some of the challenges encountered during my first years of work at the Department of Energy in the 1970s, I marvel at how we've met and far surpassed expectations.

Since 1970, the total U.S. population has grown by 42%, GDP has grown by 195%, and energy consumption has increased 178%. Yet between 1970 and 2005, our energy intensity and our emission of six principal air pollutants decreased by 53%. Additionally the number of our lakes, rivers, and streams that meet state quality goals is up 33% from 30 years ago.

Early environmental laws and regulations established by federal, state, and local governments deserve a major part of the credit for this dramatic increase in energy efficiency and environmental quality. And our economy played an important role too.

As one Department of Interior analyst observed, "Cleaner air is a direct consequence of better technologies and the enormous and sustained investments that only a rich nation could have sunk into developing, installing, and operating these technologies."

Natural gas provides an excellent case study of this effect.

Technological advances, including horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, have opened up vast new supplies of affordable natural gas. As a result, the cost dynamics of natural gas projects have changed as well -- leading to greater use of natural gas powered buses to improve air quality in cities, conversion away from old, outdated, inefficient coal power generation towards cleaner natural gas plants, and a better economic profile for renewable energy projects that rely on natural gas as a back-up power source.

Not only has investment in shale gas risen to record levels, but the natural gas industry now employs more of our citizens than ever before. That's especially good news at a time when the national unemployment rate holds at a staggering 16.7% for African Americans.

In addition to making natural gas a more cost effective, more job creating industry, proactive leadership by state regulators and advances in production technologies have also made natural gas development through hydraulic fracturing an even more environmentally friendly. Natural gas companies now drill multiple wells at single location to reduce the footprint of development, while new regulations have drastically improved water recycling efforts to minimize waste.

Smarter regulation of the industry's operation and better technology has won over a number of environmental advocates as well. Frank Matzner of the Natural Resources Defense Council said of natural gas in 2010, "we need to look at ways in which we can reduce our carbon footprint now and it's appealing that it has a smaller footprint" than traditional methods of oil and gas extraction. Others, like Carl Pope of the Sierra Club, view natural gas development as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods: "Natural gas is an excellent example of a fuel that can be produced in quite a clean way, and shouldn't be wasted."

While the record speaks for itself, it's important that we continue to support environmental improvement while also trumpeting the benefits of natural gas development. The balance between these forces has been the driver of U.S. progress in the past and can ensure continued advancement toward a healthier, more environmentally and economically sustainable future.

As our national demand increases over the next several decades, technological advances coupled with proficient, competent regulation is important to our energy security and a prosperous future.

 
 
 
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10:06 PM on 09/21/2011
"Natural gas is an excellent example of a fuel that can be produced in quite a clean way, and shouldn't be wasted." so true -NOT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXlS8g_LfCk
12:57 PM on 09/20/2011
Do NOT confuse the public and try to imply the Sierra Club is in favor of Natural gas by quoting old statements made that Mr. Pope made years ago! First off Sierra club's position on natural gas has recently changed and Natural Gas is no longer seen as beneficial by the club

From the Sierra Club's ENERGY RESOURCES POLICY "While natural gas may burn cleaner than other fossil fuels, it is still a fossil fuel and it is far from clean. Natural gas exploration, production, and transportation causes significant damage to communities and ecosystems, including air and water pollution, surface disturbance, and waste disposal impacts. The production, transport and burning of natural gas remains a significant source of CO2 and methane."

The only thing that natural gas does is burn somewhat cleaner than coal but as a carbon based fuel.
the extraction transportation and disposal of waste is still a significant source of pollution. In addition recent studies show that switching from coal to natural gas may not lower greenhouse gas emissions!
David Meiser, Co leader Sierra Club Hydrofracking team http://connect.sierraclub.org/Team/Hydrofracking_Team
04:29 PM on 09/20/2011
Who mentioned the Sierra Club? I didn't. I support natural gas to manage climate change but I agree with its position and have spoken to Mr. Pope on several occasions -- the position of the Sierra Club and mine do not need to be inconsistent. It's just that the issues they describe are manageable with existing technologies, climate change is not. The proliferation of "studies" on fracking is not convincing. These are not serious academic works by climate scientists (and Professor Howarth is not a climate scientist).
06:38 PM on 09/20/2011
From the article, third to last paragraph "like Carl Pope of the Sierra Club...."
09:11 PM on 09/20/2011
Actually the most recent study was conducted by The study by Tom Wigley, who is a senior research associate at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. In a nutshell his study indicates that switching from coal to gas would do little for climate change. His study will appear in the journal Climatic Change Letters.
04:48 PM on 09/20/2011
I just checked your website, This is what it says which is not inconsistent with what i just said --
"Our country needs to end its dependence on coal and oil by 2030 and to rapidly replace these polluting fuels through energy efficiency and clean renewable energy. But most experts agree we won't be able to bring large amounts of new renewable energy on line fast enough to totally replace coal and oil.As we move to a clean energy future, the Sierra Club is generally not opposed to continued production from existing gas fields, but it must be subject to much stronger national and state standards that protect the environment, human health, safety and communities."

I could not agree more -- but I have often been discouraged by the hatred and bitterness expressed by conservatives but the words used by many environmentalists on these blogs is just as bad. There are other policy objectives we have to satisfy -- energy security, non-GHG air pollution like mercury, improving the quality of people's lives in the least developed countries where affordable energy (renewables are not affordable, please) is the difference between life and death, economic competitiveness, the list is long. I care most about climate change which is why I know we need gas. There are however other issues and we are not all greedy murderers in the pockets of the Koch brothers. Please try to put a stop to this vitriol.
06:37 PM on 09/20/2011
The information you posted is not the current policy. The current policy is at http://www.sierraclub.org/policy/conservation/energy Specifically page 18 of 22
09:51 PM on 09/19/2011
I was surprised by your post. First, I did not know they were producing shale gas in Wyoming. I just looked up production numbers on EIA's website and they show NO shale gas production in Wyoming. I know it has large OIL shale reserves and produces coalbed methane and conventional gas but not SHALE GAS (I apologize for the caps, can't bold). Your article also does not directly say they produce shale gas in Wyoming. If hydraulic fracturing and shale wells produce more pollution as claimed in this article, how is this occurring in Wyoming, where EIA says there is no production?

Also, my reference to SOX/NOX/ mercury and CO2 is comparing gas to coal power generation. The EPA website notes that the largest source of these pollutants by far is from power generation where gas is highly preferable to coal. Further CO2e emissions from gas PRODUCTION represent less than one percent of the US total. I urge you to compare this to emissions from coal fired power generation (and SOX/NOX/mercury/particulates as well). Also, aren’t SOX/NOX/particulates covered by the Clean Air Act? Are Wyoming gas producers violating the CAA? I don't know the answer but if they are, they should be forced to comply.

My point continues to be that the only we we can immediately reduce CO2 emissions from power generation at a meaningful scale is switching from coal to gas. It's pretty simple, the rest is tough but manageable.
12:57 PM on 09/19/2011
Perhaps you could explain away the air quality in rural Wyoming being on par with a major metropolitan area such as Los Angeles?

They did an extensive scientific study and identified the source. Natural gas wells in Sublette county. There was no other source identified.

http://www.hcn.org/issues/43.15/epa-aims-to-clean-up-polluted-air-in-western-gas-fields?src=me
http://deq.state.wy.us/aqd/Ozone%20Forum/SubletteCountyToxicsStudy_Overview_Sept152010%5B1%5D.pdf

I dare the author of this bogus article to spin this into something clean and green.

The fact that the Jonah field is the oldest and largest is just an indicator of whats to come for the other shale sacrifice zones. The Barnett in Fort Worth Texas is already experiencing similar problems. Its a repeat of the Wyoming story and the other plays are soon to follow. The industry lobbies the affected states to NOT test in the way Wyoming has done.

In Wyoming the industry doesn't have ANYTHING to blame it on besides themselves. They own this and they know it.
08:32 PM on 09/18/2011
Natural gas is only slightly less dangerous than petroleum. According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Working Group III Report, chapter 4), in 2004, natural gas produced about 5.3 billion tons a year of CO2 emissions, while coal and oil produced 10.6 and 10.2 billion tons respectively (figure 4.4). According to an updated version of the SRES B2 emissions scenario, however, by the year 2030, natural gas would be the source of 11 billion tons a year, with coal and oil now 8.4 and 17.2 billion respectively because demand is increasing 1.9% a year[37] (Total global emissions for 2004 were estimated at over 27,200 million tons) In addition, natural gas itself is a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide when released into the atmosphere, although natural gas is released in much smaller quantities. However, methane is oxidized in the atmosphere, and hence natural gas has a residence lifetime in the atmosphere for approximately 12 years, compared to CO2, which is already oxidized, and has an effect for 100 to 500 years. Natural gas is mainly composed of methane, which has a radiative forcing twenty times greater than carbon dioxide. Based on such composition, a ton of methane in the atmosphere traps in as much radiation as 20 tons of carbon dioxide, but remains in the atmosphere for a 8–40 times shorter time.
10:25 PM on 09/18/2011
Natural gas is not "only slightly less dangerous than petroleum." If gas demand increases faster than coal we are much better off from a climate perspective. Your forcing numbers are correct but these are all taken into account in the IPCC's, CARB's, IEA, EIA, etc. assessments of the GWP of various fossil fuels and leads them to the conclusion that gas when combusted produces half the CO2 of coal and 1/3 the CO2 of petroleum. Further it emits no mercury and very low SOX and NOX. I know that these criteria pollutants mean little to people who are blindly anti-gas but tell that to a resident in one of the mega-cities in the developing world that get their electricity from coal and the gasoline from oil. If we simply utilized all our unused natural gas combined cycle capacity in the US in lieu of old inefficient coal generation, we would reduce (no new generation construction required), we could immediately reduce CO2 emissions from power generation by 22% and mercury emissions by 33%. Take REality Check's advice below and read MIT's work on natural gas. I did and I trust them more than advocacy organizations whose ideology is not supported by science or the status of alternative fuel technologies -- too expensive, energy densities too low, lack of infrastructure, technology not perfected, etc.
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06:36 PM on 09/18/2011
So is this article supposed to go hand in hand with all the "clean gas" commercials spamming TV?
06:17 PM on 09/18/2011
http://thehill.com/images/stories/blogs/energy/howarth.pdf Shale gas is not clean, not green, not a bridge but an environmental dead end. Job creation, also not real, industry inflated numbers do not take into account the transient workforce that sends their money out of state or the fact that "local" jobs are mostly low wage. One more fact, when a high impact extractive insustry comes to a rural area the exisiting economies are crowded out. So, shale gas brings with it the end of agriculture and tourism and real estate values. The gas industry answers to the bottom line, how to cut a corner save a dime and increase profits. Shale gas, not green, not safe, not sustainable. Oh, and not necessary the gas that is fracked today is heading out to sea tomorrow.

By the way, to be clear the Board of Directors of American Association of Blacks in Energy is made up of industry executives. So consider this article by the COO of the American Association of Blacks in Energy another advertisment for gas.
08:44 PM on 09/18/2011
Well said!
11:21 PM on 09/18/2011
Earth girl is not very nice or informed. The oil and gas industries have sustained employment in US producing regions for 100 years, why should the Marcellus shale be any different? Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma are all large agricultural states. Why hasn't natural gas production in these states killed agricultural production? And I can guarantee you alot of real estate in PA just became more, not less, valuable.

BTW, Howarth, whom you reference is not a climate scientist although he is trying to act like one. The real climate scientists think his paper is pure nonsense. Stop making pottery and get an education.
08:56 AM on 09/19/2011
Actually- I am nice and well informed. As for your claim of real estate values rising, pure BS. Try to sell your home in the middle of a gas field or without clean potable water. Mortgage companies are not lending to homes with leases or near leased property. Insurance does not cover contamination. The Business Insurance industry equates shale gas extraction with asbestos. Now read this, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110908124505.htm, Re: The study by Tom Wigley, senior research associate at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), "Switching from Coal to Natural Gas Would Do Little for Global Climate, Study Indicates" The article is published in Science Daily, not $cience Daily, so you may not have read it yet. Okay, I maybe nice, but also a bit snarky.
01:02 PM on 09/20/2011
Actually in PA property values have dropped for land owners adjacent to drilling and well pads. In addition people attempting to purchase land with gas well leases have been denied mortgages because of the leases. in addition homeowner insurance rates have risen dramatically for homeowners adjacent to wellpads due to the potential issues with these wells.
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05:18 PM on 09/18/2011
Great article!

Inevitably, any HuffPo article on shale gas must be accomopanied by a rash of science-deniers who think "Gasland" is a credible scientific source, and the MIT study panel a corrupt collection of hacks.

It's nice that HuffPo runs the occasional article against type.
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