More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Gary Rivlin

Gary Rivlin

Posted: May 24, 2010 11:59 PM

Yes, the Payday Lenders and Other Fringe Financers Are to Blame.

What's Your Reaction:

You'll hear it a lot in the coming days in the continuing debate over financial reform.

All those fringe financiers who think their industries should be exempted from a newly proposed consumer financial protection agency: they'll remind us that it was the subprime mortgage lenders, Wall Street, and the credit rating agencies that got us into current economic mess, not them.

The payday lenders have been saying it loud and often for months now: crack down on the banks but leave us alone. "Payday lending did not cause the financial meltdown that brought the U.S. and world economies to the brink of disaster," says Lynn DeVault, chair of the payday lender trade association.

The payday lenders are not alone. The country's pawnbrokers have been repeating the same refrain, as have those in the strange business of offering instant tax refunds to the working poor (typically at triple digit loan rates). Indeed, the country's auto dealers hammered at this argument so often in recent weeks that they seem to have swayed votes in the U.S. Senate, which Monday evening voted to exempt businesses that sell cars from oversight by this proposed new consumer agency.

Ed Tonkin, an Oregon car dealer and chairman of the National Automobile Dealers Association, repeated to anyone who would listen that the financial reform package working its way through Congress "was to deal with problems on Wall Street and unscrupulous mortgage lending. We don't belong in this bill."

But, really, is that the way government should work?

If you're not directly to blame for the current crisis, then you get a free pass until you cause a national recession of your own?

Plus: are these non-mortgage bare-knuckle lenders truly blameless in the economic meltdown?

They are, after all, subprime lenders by any other name, except instead of high-priced mortgages, they're peddling subprime car loans carrying annual interest rates of 18 or 20 or 25 percent or two-week cash advances at rates literally more than twice those charged by the corner loan shark.

In Missouri, for instance, the payday lenders can charge rates that work out to more than 600 percent in annual interest. Not exactly a recipe for "financial stability," as Arianna Huffington wrote recently.

Like the subprime mortgage lender, these businesses work the same easy-credit landscape. They cater to those with tarnished credit in a country at once comfortable with, and addicted to, debt. They all sell financially dangerous products, except the person getting him or herself in trouble with a payday lender or a used car financier doesn't necessarily lose a home in the process or find themselves in court seeking bankruptcy.

Still, the payday lender and also the subprime credit card companies seemed to have hastened the trip to the poor house for more than a few borrowers once the housing bubble burst.

In those first months after the country's deep slide into a recession, every third or fourth client who Chuck Roedersheimer, a bankruptcy attorney with Thompson & DeVeny in Dayton, saw in his office owed money to at least one payday lender. Usually that's because the person felt themselves drowning financially - and borrowing from the corner cash advance shop proved so easy.

"One thing I've learned in this business, people will do whatever they can, even if it makes no sense, to avoid losing their house," said Roedersheimer, who specializes in foreclosure-related bankruptcies. First they would max out their credit cards, he said, "and then they'd start hitting the payday loan stores."

The person taking out a payday loan to help pay the next mortgage is just forestalling the inevitable. But even a few people I spoke with inside the payday industry sees theirs as a business in need of reform.

One was Billy Webster, who as the co-founder of Advance America, the country's largest cash advance chain, is a payday pioneer. Like the subprime mortgage companies, the payday lenders took advantage of the same deep and restless pools of capital available during the first part of the 2000s. With ready cheap money, Webster watched as the industry he helped to get off the ground expanded so aggressively that, by 2006, there were more payday stores in the U.S. than McDonalds or Burger Kings combined.

The industry overbuilt, Webster told me when I visited him in Spartanburg, South Carolina - and overbuilt by a lot. To make his point, Webster, who got his start in business as a franchisee for Bojangles, harked back to his fried chicken days.

"You'd never have seen a Popeye's and a KFC on the same corner as a Bojangles," he explained. "But that's what you have now [with payday lending stores]. So you end up not just with saturation problems from a business perspective but also multiple loan problems."

Someone owing $1,500 or $2,000 to three or four payday lenders and drowning in fees didn't cause the world's credit market to freeze up. But it's still destructive debt -- and isn't that what it's all boiled down to when considering the economic misery of the past couple of years?

And so long as we're thinking about financial reform, shouldn't one goal be a safer, more sensible financial marketplace than in the past, whether someone is shopping for a $200,000 home loan or a $200 cash advance?


 

Follow Gary Rivlin on Twitter: www.twitter.com/grivlin

 
 
  • Comments
  • 40
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
04:55 PM on 05/27/2010
@TruthTalkAboutPDL has a point -- Lawrence Meyers provided a counter-argument to this opinion from Rivlin that is well worth a read:
http://bigjournalism.com/lmeyers/2010/05/26/no-payday-lenders-and-other-fringe-lenders-are-not-to-blame-for-the-economic-collapse/

The payday lending industry is far too small to have caused the financial crisis.
02:20 PM on 05/27/2010
These sweeping, all-inclusive bills like we have seen in both healthcare and finance reform ultimately fail the American people. Nevermind that payday lenders and auto dealers assert they were not the cause of the meltdown; after all, that is true. But packing them in with tackling Wall Street takes a toll on the overall reform. Just like the public option suffered at the hands of abortion compromises in healthcare, any teeth in the finance bill to regulate Goldman and company are getting horse traded in a back room over these marginal operations like payday lenders and mom&pop pawn shops.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Marcello Rollando
The Reasonable Voice
02:24 PM on 05/26/2010
As Uncle Gino used to say, “De House Never Loses, so if you wanna win, you godda be de House.†For years we’ve allowed The banking Houses to deposit in our House of Congress. Banks! Can’t live with them, can’t live without them. WRONG! Banks can’t possibly live without US, and it’s time “We the People†produced a new deck, reshuffled and became “The House†again.

In January 2008, I realized Dad’s declining health was not only an emotional hell, but upon his death, my Mother would suffer financially as well. So considering the options of retired federal government employees, I called their mortgage banker with our pleas. The response was two years and five months of masterful dodges, a roller coaster ride of good cop/bad cop routines through a contrived maze of deception and condescension. What started four months before my father’s death, ended twenty-five months after his final breath.

There was a smirk in his voice when he ended the conversation with, “you have an offer of modification which you can accept or not.†“What choice do I have,†I asked, and he actually said, “I guess you don’t have a choice.†“I’ve looked at all the numbers, he insisted.†“Not all of them†I persisted. Proudly he confessed, “I’m not interested in the other slices in your Mother’s monthly expenses, I only looked at the numbers to determine whether or not she qualifies for a modification to pay her mortgage.â€
12:41 PM on 05/26/2010
Apparently, someone thinks that Gary Rivlin's article is just plain wrong.

http://bigjournalism.com/lmeyers/2010/05/26/no-payday-lenders-and-other-fringe-lenders-are-not-to-blame-for-the-economic-collapse/
05:04 PM on 05/27/2010
Gary's article is way off base. Most people that use pawn shops and payday lenders are borrowing to avoid the higher fees imposed by the banks/credit card/utilities. Also pawn shops are the ONLY lending institution that offers non-recourse loans. The pawnbroker is loaning money on the item and holds that item as collateral. He loans based on what he can recover from selling the item. The average pawn in the US is under $75. Tell me what bank or any other lender would be willing to loan $100 on a riding mower that I have to store, insure, protect for one month to get $3 back? My cost of the floor space for that mower is almost that for the month. Having the same rules and regulations for all types of lenders is the same as saying that convenience stores must sale for the same price as Walmart or the grocery store. If someone can offer a loan/money at a lower rate then people will us them and not the payday lenders and other fringe lenders. If the banks didn't charge so much for a bounced check ($35-50 for the bank to say no and return your check is not high?) then consumers would not use us. If you can't offer a cheaper solution then don't force 35 million people to no longer have a source of funds in times of need.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DebtNavigation
Attorney and Author
06:16 AM on 05/26/2010
Payday lenders, buy-here-pay-here used car lots, refund advance lenders, pawn shops and others have contributed to the problems just as mightily as Wall Street and the credit card lenders. Indeed, many large banks have worked hard to escape regulators' best efforts to keep them from financing such businesses. Americans need to get wise to it and fight it the right way.

In Mexico in the mid-'90s Wall Street engineered a currency coup that tripled the debt owed by small businesses and family farms and also allowed for them to be massively ratejacked on top of it. Mexicans consequently formed the "el Barzon" movement and pushed back Wall Street and deposed their ruling party of 60+ years. In this country YouTube phenom Ann Minch has already declared the debtors' revolt and begun going after them http://www.revoltstartsnow.com

If you've been pushed under, you can read every other page of my book for free: http://www.scribd.com/doc/25443175/Debt-Hope-Down-and-Dirty-Survival-Strategies-Evaluation-Version-Complete
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Don McNay
10:04 PM on 05/25/2010
I just finished Rivlan's new book, Broke USA, and plan to review it shortly but I highly recommend everyone read it before they comment further. Gary puts the time and effort into studying the story from all angles and interviewing anyone who is anyone in the "fringe financing" business.

One thing I have learned is that the payday industry does not take any criticism lying down. They have a huge, well paid, public relations staff who can crank out responses with the best of them. I expected that this article will have a lot of comments.
01:40 AM on 05/26/2010
Don't fringe financing companies provide a valuable service for poor people, just like walmart?
06:01 PM on 05/26/2010
And they should. Not only are they under attack by predatory borrowers, they have to dodge bombs from the press and politicians. These additional risks ultimately increase the return required by the capitalists. Mitigating the public relations damage will allow the financiers to offer lower interest rates to their customers.
04:02 PM on 05/25/2010
The bias that payday advance customers are unintelligent or uneducated and must be protected is predjudicial and without basis. The lack of intermediate credit in the $500 to $5000 range means that for many people the most expedient option is using payday advances for a longer term solution than intended.
The Hagan amendment sought to cut off this option without offering a solution. There is and interesting bill (SB 1146) in the California legislature which is designed to bridge this gap. I can't comment on the merits but I commend the bill's author, Senator Florez, for recognizing the need for a longer term option for the working class.
Gary, I look forward to reading your new book.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tekkdude
Battling Republican lies one post at a time.
03:42 PM on 05/26/2010
While some payday advance customers are intelligent and educated, many are uneducated about financial issues and the risks of payday loans. As a customer of payday loans myself from time to time, I am well aware of the risks but occasionally have to deal with them. But the idea that payday lending customers should not be protected is ludicrous. Even though the majority of payday customers have poor credit, the interest rates being charged far outweigh the risk of the lenders involved.
09:51 PM on 05/26/2010
One survey shows that 57% of respondents who patronize check cashing/payday advance stores have taken a financial education course. This compares to 53% for non-customers. Yet customers who use these services are portrayed as less sophisticated than the general population. That is nonsense. Like yourself they make choices that best fit their financial situation (see Feb. 2009 FDIC study). What is needed is more small dollar credit choices, not less, for those the banks choose to ignore.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
evalela
02:57 PM on 05/25/2010
We stopped using banks along time ago.We use a so-called money lender service that provides debit cards,we pay a flat rate to cash checks,and unlimited use of our debit card with no fees,we know exactly how much money we have.We could never do that with a bank,because of so many hidden fees.People are using these quick fixes,because of the trouble banks have caused.At least with these you know what the terms up front no hidden costs they must decide if it's right for them or not!!!!!!!!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
reason ing
01:08 PM on 05/25/2010
How much logic does it take to make you anti-payday loan folks understand?

This is an OPTION. No one is forced to use a payday loan and they can be used for GOOD reasons. The APR is FAR LOWER than an overdraft fee, bounced check fee, or having your lights tuned off without a deposit.

94% of people pay them back in time as reported by the SEC filings of Advance America, so the myth of every payday loan user rolling over loans is **FALSE**

Why don't you folks spend you time:
A) Competing with payday loans with your own funds or taxpayer funds
B) Working on financial education for the population
C) Working on creating opportunities for working families to make more money

Taking away options, even if in your self-inflated mind you know what is good for everyone, is NEVER a good idea...
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Gary Rivlin
01:37 PM on 05/25/2010
No one puts a gun to the head of a borrower: true. A two-week payday loan can indeed be cheaper than a bounced check fee or a late charge on a credit card. The problem is that even Steven Schlein, the head spokesman for the industry, acknowledges it typically takes 2 or 3 months to fully pay off a loan. In that scenario, a payday loan is more expensive.

As for that 94 percent figure, that's deceptive. Many states forbid rollovers so people pay back a loan on Saturday and take out another on Monday -- or they just go to a rival after paying back the first store.

But "reason ing" is correct that financial education and more affordable options are the best answer.
06:34 PM on 05/25/2010
Actually, the facts are very much up for debate. Reverse engineering the data provided by Advance America and Dollar Financial in their Annual Reports reveals that the average borrower uses 8 payday loans per year. Another study provides a weighted average of 9.23 loans per year.

Whether those loans are rollovers taken all at once, or on 8 or 9 separate occasions, the customer ends up spending the same amount of money for access to credit. As rollovers, they MAY but not necessarily DO, result in higher fees than other options. If, for example, the writing of a bad check to one creditor results in several checks bouncing, the payday loan option may STILL provide a better deal both in terms of absolute dollars spent and APR. After all, if bouncing a $50 check causes a bunch of other $50 checks to bounce, with each one generating a $60 fee...well, Gary, then you would be wrong.

The truth is, we just don't know. We don't have that data. So to draw definitive conclusions on either side would be misleading. Therefore, to say that 94% payoff rate is deceptive is not entirely honest on your part. It may very well be that much of that rate are, in fact, timely no-rollover payoffs.

Financial education is always a good idea. The industry does not oppose this, as far as I know.

End Part 1
06:34 PM on 05/25/2010
But your "more affordable options"....why not share them with us, Gary? You just wrote an entire book on the subject if I read another poster correctly. What are those options? Why do you think people willingly choose a payday loan? Do you think that they did not consider other available options before settling on a payday loan? Do you think they are "stupid"?

What other option do you propose? Have you considered that if another such option were possible that the market would not have already come up with it? Are you trained in basic economics? These are really very basic questions.

Or will you suggest that government somehow subsidize low-cost alternatives? In that case, why should payday lenders be forced to compete with a business that is government subsidized, or in the case of a credit union, need not actually make a profit? Do you consider that to be fair to the businesses?

I get this sense -- and its just a whiff -- that you feel that payday loans are bad, yet you offer no viable solutions as to why this is the case, especially considering that the transaction occurs from a borrower's free will.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Michael Richard
05:09 PM on 05/25/2010
I don't have a problem with the basic concept of the payday loan but how come they can't lend at less rapacious rate?
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Gary Rivlin
06:25 PM on 05/25/2010
The payday lenders would tell you that the economics only work if they charge that rate. My response is that's true--if your main product, if not your sole product, is a payday loan. Ace Hardware would have to sell a very expensive hammer if all they sold were hammers and nails. Ditto, Burger King would charge more for their patties if they only sold burgers. There's a huge credit union down in No Carolina that makes payday loans at 12 percent (as opposed to 400%) and the CEO claims it's his most profitable product. Helps that they have a range of services and that defaults low given loan tied to a bank account.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
12:23 PM on 05/25/2010
yeah, stop picking on those loan sharks! They're just trying to make a living... not an honest one... but a living.
Big Gov't indeed!
11:00 AM on 05/25/2010
States can ban payday loans as AZ has done. States can set maximum interest rates as well. The Federal government doesn't need to intrude into every private loan transaction. Interest rates are set based in large part on the risk of the loan not being repaid. An unsecured payday loan is higher risk than a secured loan like a mortgage. Thus, it has a higher interest rate.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
12:25 PM on 05/25/2010
so a payday loan can be 400 percent and that's fair because it's a greater risk to loan someone a couple hundred dollars?!
In your world a mugging isn't a crime if no one gets hurt!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tekkdude
Battling Republican lies one post at a time.
03:48 PM on 05/26/2010
As with credit card interest rates, the payday loan companies get around states' maximum rates by incorporating in states with the highest allowable rates. So that even if my state says the max is 18%, if the company incorporates in another state that has no cap then it is governed by the state it incorporated in. Thank your friends the banksters for that little loophole.
04:51 PM on 05/27/2010
But they can lend in a state that has banned it!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
blueken
Finger Picking blues man
10:28 AM on 05/25/2010
The poor pay more. How on earth does that work? The poor pay more for car loans, the poor pay rent that doesn't ever become equity. The poor pay tens of dollars just to do laundry. The poor pay higher interest rates on loans, credit cards, mortgages. Can anyone tell me how that is supposed to work long term? If you can explain that, then you might also be able to explain to me how the Christian right can thump their bibles and still think usery isn't a sin?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MeinNH
Ooooo Silly Me
10:59 AM on 05/25/2010
Thank you! You took the words right out of my mouth.
11:05 AM on 05/25/2010
Being poor is caused in large part by living above your means, borrowing to supplement income and then suffering a reduction in net income by trying to repay debt plus interest. The problem lies in lending money to people for the purpose of buying stuff they don't need and generally speaking cannot afford to repay. Poor people also tend to be financially ignorant making them easy targets for predatory lenders. There should be federal loan underwriting guidelines that require borrowers to meet minimum liquidity standards before a loan can be funded. For example, a mortgage loan payment cannot exceed 25% of net after tax income. That would keep the less informed from making stupid decisions.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Michael Richard
05:11 PM on 05/25/2010
None for me thanks
schatsie
banks are more dangerous than standing armies
10:08 PM on 05/25/2010
Pardon me while I puke......The bankrupcies and foreclosures are 50% due to health care excessive charges......