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Geoffrey R. Stone

Geoffrey R. Stone

Posted: April 30, 2010 12:19 AM

A Cross by Any Other Name

What's Your Reaction:

2010-04-30-Latin_cross_clenchee.jpg

What do you see?

Do you have much doubt about it?

It could be the letter "t."

But suppose it is eight feet tall and erected by the Veterans of Foreign Wars on federal land to honor American soldiers who died in World War I.

What is it?

I checked a dozen dictionaries, encyclopedias, and similar sources. Here is what I learned. It is "a symbol of Christianity." It is "the best-known religious symbol of Christianity." It is "the principal symbol of the Christian religion." It is "an emblem of Christianity." It is "the most familiar and widely recognized symbol of Christianity." It is "the symbol of Christian faith." It is "the cross of Christ's crucifixion."

There doesn't seem to be much doubt about it.

Except to some of the justices on the Supreme Court of the United States. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito, in this week's decision in Salazar v. Buono, the "cross is not merely a reaffirmation of Christian beliefs. It is a symbol often used to honor and respect those whose heroic acts, noble contributions, and patient striving help secure an honored place in history for this Nation and its people. [...] It evokes thousands of small crosses in foreign fields marking the graves of Americans who fell in battles, battles whose tragedies are compounded if the fallen are forgotten."

So, it's not "a symbol of Christianity"? It's not "the principal symbol of the Christian religion"? It's not "the symbol of Christian faith"? It's not "the cross of Christ's crucifixion"? It's a neutral symbol that just happens to be "used to honor [...] those whose heroic acts [...] help secure an honored place in history for this Nation."

And the American flag doesn't symbolize America? And the swastika doesn't symbolize Nazism? And a burning cross doesn't symbolize the KKK? And the Golden Arches don't symbolize McDonald's?

In its 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation. In so doing, the Court considered the symbolic meaning of the legally-mandated separation of blacks and whites into "colored only" and "white only" railroad cars: "We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced separation of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it."

The Court is wrong in Salazar for the same reason it was wrong in Plessy: In both cases, the justices allowed meaning to be determined by the perceptions of the dominant forces in society, who like to imagine that their understanding of the world is neutral, natural, and objective. It is not.

The inherent message of segregation was not one of racial neutrality, but of racial subordination and inferiority. The inherent message of the cross is not a neutral testament to fallen heroes, but a potent affirmation by government of the Christian religion. This our Constitution does not allow.

 
 
 
What do you see? Do you have much doubt about it? It could be the letter "t." But suppose it is eight feet tall and erected by the Veterans of Foreign Wars on federal land to honor Ame...
What do you see? Do you have much doubt about it? It could be the letter "t." But suppose it is eight feet tall and erected by the Veterans of Foreign Wars on federal land to honor Ame...
 
 
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
rf dude
Just an average Man of Bronze
12:17 PM on 05/16/2010
Another cross deposting...
--
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LeFlaneur
does nuance.
03:48 PM on 05/13/2010
Here's the subtext of Scalia's interpretation. The cross represents all because Christianity is the one true religion. Buy honoring Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, etc. with a cross, we're actually doing them a favor.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MikeHermit
Proud Atheist
02:47 PM on 05/11/2010
Someone stole the cross. All I have to say is YES.

You know, if I lived in the San Diego area I might have stolen it myself.

I was wondering why it wasn't removed in the night long before now.

Whoever stole it, good for you.

Now, what else needs to be stolen?

So glad we Atheists are coming out of the closet and taking a stand. Now we just need God off our money and out of our schools.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
01:49 PM on 05/11/2010
Agreed. But good luck telling the christians. They still think putting "god" on the money, pledge and oaths somehow refers to the singular, male god that all faiths share (they don't).

Many christians are conditioned to lie for their faith. As with the characters in the Dover case who insisted that Intelligent Design was not religiously motivated, even as one wrote a check from his church funds to pay for the textbooks and then lied about it.

Judge Jopnes on lying christians:

"""It is ironic that several of these individuals, who so staunchly and proudly touted their religious convictions in public, would time and again lie to cover their tracks and disguise the real purpose behind the ID Policy.""""
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Quasi Libertarian
Sometimes you get the bear, sometimes it gets you
12:24 PM on 05/11/2010
Well, the Mojove Cross has been stolen....:

http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/05/controversial-war-memorial-cross-stolen-from-californias-mojave-desert/1

I am sure that makes a whole lot of people happy on the HP...
01:21 PM on 05/11/2010
If you are a true American who believes in the constitution then, yes, this makes many very happy.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Quasi Libertarian
Sometimes you get the bear, sometimes it gets you
01:45 PM on 05/11/2010
So, you are into desecration, vandalism and thievery?.....
02:18 PM on 05/11/2010
Maybe Jesus came back and took it to Heaven...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Quasi Libertarian
Sometimes you get the bear, sometimes it gets you
03:03 PM on 05/11/2010
Nope....It is all about freewill.....
04:20 PM on 05/10/2010
There is a simple fix for this. Something that has been done with common issues with crosses erected around the area that I live. When people threw a fit about it, the city/government would just sell the plot of land containing the cross to a private organization that would leave the cross up. Case closed every time.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MikeHermit
Proud Atheist
02:53 PM on 05/11/2010
Nope. That is an illegal and unconstitutional transfer of land designed to skirt the law. That land sold was public land, transfered in a no-bid sell to an individual or group whose sole intent was to preserve a religious symbol on or now surrounded by public land.

Illegal. Not a simple fix. You are as misguided as your city.
04:54 PM on 05/13/2010
Considering lawsuits have failed to reverse the action, it would seem that it is legal.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Killingsworth
Retired Left Coast Crumudgeon
07:39 PM on 05/12/2010
Erect a Pagan symbol on city land and then try to buy it. If they won't sell it to you, then you have a court case of a branch of government respecting a specific religion over others.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DefiningReality
04:57 PM on 05/07/2010
The whole religion bit is interesting, but the really interesting thing in this article is in the 2nd to last paragraph.

"The Court is wrong... for the same reason...In both cases, the justices allowed meaning to be determined by the perceptions of the dominant forces in society..."

This quote highlights some foundational problems with how some in America view ethics and morality.

For if morality is determined by the individual, and every thing is relative between individuals, then the court would have no right to impose its opinions, but neither would Mr. Stone (except with as much authority as each given individual attributes to either party).

If morality is determined within and by a social context, then...
A: You have no effective method of judging other social contexts (including historical social contexts) as moral/immoral. The best you can say is, "we *consider* them moral/immoral".
B: It becomes precisely right and just for the justices to form opinions based on "dominant forces within the society"/culture.

I've made the argument simplistic. There's a litany of various ethical systems not addressed here. But I feel one of the two I mentioned above is dominant in American Culture.

Do you agree/disagree that one of the two above is dominant?
Do you agree/disagree that, if one of them is, it leads logically to where claim it does?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Killingsworth
Retired Left Coast Crumudgeon
02:45 PM on 05/11/2010
I think that perhaps one problem arises when we equate ethics and morality with religion. While certainly moral and ethical codes are embedded in religion, they are just as certainly present outside religion as well.

Having said that, in a democracy the will of the people i.e. dominant forces in society should be decided politically and not judicially. And in the case of crosses symbolizing dead people, it is definitely a religious symbol and has been for thousands of years. So the justices should have restricted themselves to the Constitutional issues rather than the political and reinforced the First Amendment in my opinion.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
UnderTheHedgeWeGo
Show me some evidence.
01:31 AM on 05/16/2010
The "ethics" of this situation are described by the Constitution's prohibition of government involvement in matters of religion. The Justices choose to ignore the Constitution by placing their own opinions above the law.
Bellla
Trans & Proud
10:41 AM on 05/07/2010
Why didn't the christian judges recuse themselves from this, they have a clear conflict of interest.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Killingsworth
Retired Left Coast Crumudgeon
02:56 PM on 05/11/2010
Interesting point, But if that happened it would probably mean that nobody would be left to render a ruling. I would imagine that we are years away from having anybody other than a Christian on SCOTUS who openly subscribes to any religion other than Christianity. That is of course, unless some atheist or agnostic manages to slip in under the radar.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Killingsworth
Retired Left Coast Crumudgeon
04:28 AM on 05/16/2010
I plead temporary insanity or actually temporary stupidity with my last post. There are 3 Jews on the court right now, so it's not a club for Christians only. So I will modify my statement to state that it will be a while before someone of other than the Judeo-Christian persuasion will sit on SCOTUS. Of course I never expected to live long long enough to see a person of color elected as POTUS so I guess I could be pleasantly surprised.
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LeFlaneur
does nuance.
03:53 PM on 05/13/2010
Because they were appointed to the supreme court for the expressed purpose of making these skewed decisions.
09:21 AM on 05/06/2010
Keep religion out of our government. The framers of the constitution looked at the world around them, full of theocracy gone awry and said no, we in America can do better than that. The Robert's court is amassing a body work which seeks to undermine our constitutional foundation in every area of modern American life. Conservatives claim to be against activism by the courts but only when it is a decision against their approved orthodoxy.
01:45 AM on 05/06/2010
I support the VFW in this. The last thing we want is for WWI Veterans to come back as vampires, which is the only modern, deliberately non-Christian usage of the Cross that I can think of.
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Nutcase
Of, By and For - Elsewhere known as Psycho MD
12:34 PM on 05/05/2010
How could anyone possibly confuse the cross with a religious symbol?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Killingsworth
Retired Left Coast Crumudgeon
07:34 PM on 05/12/2010
I hope that was sarcasm.
07:25 PM on 05/04/2010
See the ending to: Oh What A Lovely War.
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Dave24
Without God, life is everything.
02:03 PM on 05/04/2010
THANK YOU.
01:54 AM on 05/04/2010
Well, I filed an answer to some criticisms of my post, but it has not been posted. I have read very extensively in Christian history and am not simply making casual comments. I can back up my statements with historical evidence, but if I can't get a response through, there's no more point in my responding. I stand by all my criticisms of Christianity, as I know it's history all too well.
09:49 PM on 05/03/2010
Yes, it's treason to put religious symbols on public property or have religious rituals at government meetings.
That's because it is a deliberate attack on the Constitution, to overthrow a vital part of the Constitution and turn the U.S. into a theocracy. That's an attack on the U.S. itself, and that makes it treason.
I have no problem with people being Christians, Muslims, Jews, etc. in their private lives. I'll support their right to pray in appropriate public places. Go to a park and without bothering other people, kneel and pray. Do it on a street corner so long as you don't block other pedestrians. etc. Put up copies of the 10 Religious Expressions or crosses on your lawns, your church lawns, your business windows (although that might cost you some business).
But the moment a Christian (or a member of any other religion) uses or tries to use the power of the government to force everyone to pray to a particular god or in a particular way or to subject people to looking at religious symbols on public propety, then it becomes treason. That's because Christianity is a murderously totalitarian movement that never tolerated dissent or religious minorities. The whole goal of putting a cross on gov't property is to assert that Christians own/control this country. History shows this is not something trivial, naive or harmless. It's very very dangerous.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
the moderate zealot
11:35 PM on 05/03/2010
This is another example of the intolerance atheists express toward Christians and yes, it qualifies as hate speech. This post is a crime. Christianity is not the cause of all the problems in the world nor will ridding the world of Christianity solve the world's problems. Given how atheists acted in the last century, the world would be much worse off without Christianity. You claim that history shows that public religious expression is "very very dangerous". What about the hundreds of millions who died because hate speech like this resulted in mass murder in order to stop religious expression? History is not on your side. You are very dangerous.

It is not torturous for people to view religious symbols on public property. Christians, the true Christians don't claim to own or control this country. If any do, then you know they aren't Christians.
08:58 AM on 05/04/2010
"Christians, the true Christians don't claim to own or control this country."

A HA - and there's the nut!!! What defines someone as a "true christian" - this is meaningless as it cannot be accurately defined.

Separating church and state and allowing free worship is easy. No religious symbols of any kind on public land...do what you want, worship what you want on your own private land. Not so tough.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jim Killingsworth
Retired Left Coast Crumudgeon
03:07 PM on 05/11/2010
to the moderate zealot: The Christian talking point that religious expression is being attacked is totally a fabrication. TheVirginian in his post actually outlined numerous legal venues and means of public expression of religion that perhaps you should go back and read. But using government as a means of expression is expressly prohibited by the Constitution even though I believe the use of the word treason is hyperbole.

I also believe that Christians should read Jesus' admonition to not stand on the street corner and pray to show people how pious you are. That you should go into your closet and pray. Practice what your own savior preached.