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Geoffrey R. Stone

Geoffrey R. Stone

Posted: September 26, 2007 03:17 PM

Ahmadinejad and Columbia's Critics


Why all the fuss about Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's speech at Columbia University? Critics of Columbia's decision to invite Mr. Ahmadinejad to speak maintain that, because he is a "cruel and petty dictator," in the words of Columbia President Lee Bollinger, Columbia should not have invited him to speak. In their view, a great American university should not lend its name and prestige to a man who denies the Holocaust, threatens to destroy Israel, promotes terrorism, and routinely violates human rights. Columbia's critics argue that by providing Mr. Ahmadinejad a forum, Columbia implicitly dignified his views and betrayed its own values.

It would be difficult to be more wrong. A fundamental mission of a university is to educate. A university does this not by taking positions on political, social, moral, economic, medical, or international issues, but by creating an environment in which all perspectives on all issues are open to robust and lively debate. The central responsibility of a university is not to decide who is right about the war in Iraq or the moral legitimacy of terrorism or the meaning of human rights, but to create and nurture an intellectual environment in which faculty, students, staff, alumni and others have the complete freedom to explore such questions without constraint or intimidation.

When a university invites a speaker, it does not in any way "endorse" or "dignify" his views. It simply allows him to express his views to the university community so members of that community can evaluate them for themselves. When a university invites a speaker, it uses him as a resource. His ideas may be wise or foolish, admirable or odious. The issue is not whether the university agrees with the speaker, but whether his presence will further the educational mission of the institution.

Some speakers further that mission because they are brilliant, some further it because they are knowledgeable, some further it because they are provocative. But in no event is the university ratifying the merits of the speaker's views, other than to attest that having him speak promotes knowledge, understanding, curiosity, interest, and education.

Did Mr. Ahmadinejad's appearance at Columbia further the university's educational mission? You bet, it did. Anyone who saw the response of the audience to his statements about Iran, the Holocaust, terrorism, and homosexuality could not fail to note that the audience left with a sharper sense of who he is, why Iran is in the position it is in, and why this poses a serious challenge for the United States.

A university does not bring deadly microbes to campus because it is "dignifying" or "endorsing" the microbes. It brings them to campus in order to study and to understand them. Even if Mr. Ahmadinejad is in fact a "cruel and petty dictator," it was completely legitimate for Columbia to invite him to speak.

More troubling than Columbia's invitation are the attacks on Columbia, which profoundly misunderstand the inherent nature of a university. The critics seem to think that a university's function is to present only those ideas that a majority of trustees, or donors, or faculty, or students think are responsible, reasonable, and moral. Whatever such an institution would be, it would not be a university.

One of the great figures in the history of American higher education, Robert M. Hutchins, President of the University of Chicago from 1929 to 1950, personified the true spirit of a university. In 1932, a student organization at the university invited William Z. Foster, the Communist Party's candidate for President of the United States, to lecture on campus. This triggered a storm of protest from some alumni and local business leaders. Hutchins responded that "our students . . . should have freedom to discuss any problem that presents itself." He rejected the call for "censorship," arguing that the "cure" for bad ideas "lies through open discussion rather than through inhibition and taboo."

In 1935, the Hearst newspapers launched a nationwide attack on Communist propaganda in American universities, focusing on the University of Chicago. Hutchins responded: "The answer to such charges is not denial, nor evasion, nor apology." Rather, he explained, it is "the assertion that free inquiry is indispensable to the good life, that universities exist for the sake of such inquiry, that without it they cease to be universities, and that such inquiry and hence universities are more necessary now than ever."

Shortly thereafter, Charles R. Walgreen, the drugstore magnate, wrote Hutchins that he was withdrawing his niece from the University of Chicago, explaining, "I am unwilling to have her absorb the Communistic influences to which she is assiduously exposed." Walgreen accused several professors, including the English professor Robert Morss Lovett, of being Communist sympathizers. Lovett, a member of the Chicago faculty since 1893, was a venerable teacher with a penchant for left-wing causes. An Illinois legislative committee, fired up by Walgreen's charges, demanded that the University fire Lovett. Hutchins refused. Indeed, when a faculty member confronted Hutchins with the threat, "If the trustees fire Lovett you'll receive the resignations of twenty full professors," Hutchins replied, "Oh no I won't. My successor will."

Columbia University did not need to invite Mr. Ahmadinejad to speak. But in doing so, it was acting in accord with what President Bollinger described as the "norms of . . . the American university." It invited him not to endorse his views, but to enable them to be heard, tested, and challenged in free and open debate. That is why American universities exist.

 
 
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05:58 AM on 10/01/2007
Well said Geoffrey Stone. It's a shame a university's role is misunderstood and dragged into the political fray.

I don't have a problem with Bollinger's introductory comments, after all, he was not factually incorrect when he described Ahmadinejad. Perhaps he could have expressed a simple sentence like "Columbia University does not condone or endorse the opinions and claims of the guest speaker Mahmoud Ahmadinejad." Such as statement avoids harsh personal attacks on the Iranian leader and reflects the overall outlook towards him by many around the world. Assessments of him should be left to individuals at the University and anyone else.

Events over the next two years, the remainder of Ahmadinejad's term will unfold more of his true nature.
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gaysofla
09:39 AM on 09/28/2007
I agree with your commentary. I'm happy that Columbia allowed the Iranian leader to spoke. His outragous comments sparked debate and brought to the forefront of American's collective thinking, the human right violations that occur in that country. The media is reporting that the Iranian Government removed his 'no gays' comments from the official transcripts of the presidents speech on his website. Well, his comments can be removed but they can never remove the haunting images of the two teenage boys being executed for being gay from our minds. Photos here:
Warning: Disturbing photos but important lest we forget.

http://www.gaysofla.com/content/view/94/1/

Regards & Respect,
David L. Wylie
02:39 AM on 09/28/2007
What a bunch of bullshit. Why is it that Columbia is advancing freedom of speech, but UC-Davis wouldn't let Larry Summers speak because he dared say maybe there is a biological difference in how men and women think? Let's face it, white-tower academia is only afraid of rational people who differ just a tad from the party line, but it feels it should give prime speaking space and legitimacy to a lunatic hate-monger who happens to also lead a large government with potential to use nuclear weapons just to show how "open-minded" they are.
Get real. If I went to Columbia and asked to use their auditorium for a speech would they give it to me? By giving it to this jerk-off they do legitimize and broadcast his hate. And as the author points out it was only those opposed to this happening who shed any light on the discourse, although he won't portray that way.
Do you really think Adhaminejad needs more publicity? Is he someone who is muffled or doesn't get enough chances to make his views known unlike less volatile but more sensible leaders? Would Columbia have been right to give Hitler legitimacy and an auditorium in the 1930s? Yes, according to one regent.
Grow up.
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janmB
INSPIRED
06:14 PM on 09/27/2007
Its pretty sad that the USA made Ahmedejad more important here than he is in his own country.
The religious leaders in IRAN run everything even the army.
Ahmedejad is a super-salesman for IRAN.
Iran is 90% muslim and ISLAM rules and the ALI or Alytollah whatever they call themselves call the shots according to their interpretation of ISLAM .
09:09 AM on 10/02/2007
Come off it, is it about Ahmedejad being muslim..coming from a country with that majority or a hate monger..i see no one hating Italy just because the majority there are Catholic/ or in Usa where most pple are Christians let us stick to the real issues here!!
05:20 PM on 09/27/2007
I absolutely agree with the gist of the article, that it is important for all points of view to be heard, especially in an educational setting. Why would one bother to obtain a higher education if one's mind is already closed to ideas which differ from ours? The one quibble I have is that the rudeness of Columbia's president towards Ahmadinajad was inexcusable and I feel this article should have addressed this subject as well.
08:59 PM on 09/27/2007
Gailhen, If the description of an educational forum that the author described applied to Columbia, then I would agree. Unfortunately, the situation to which Mr. Ahmadinajad was introduced was anything but a free forum; it was a set-up. President Bollinger used him to grandstand, and as a New Yorker, I've been asking myself why. Certainly, as a nation, we have no reason to further antagonize Iran. Every time we humiliate a Muslim leader, we engender more hatred. Educated Westerners have no doubt that the Holocaust occurred (regrettably, the US did little to prevent it or rescue its victims.) So neither education nor diplomacy was the beneficiary of Bollinger's remarks. I can only surmise he hoped to add fuel to the pressures for war against Iran that are building. It's an embarrassment to the community of higher education.
04:02 PM on 09/27/2007
Thesis, antithesis, conclusion.

Premise 1, premise 2, ERGO.

And there are those who would deny us Americans the right to discuss our relationship with a so-called ally, i.e., what we say is reduced to hate speech, and that this should not only be banned, but considered a hate crime.

To hell with you who are so disposed. I will speak out and write about the travesties of injustice to the Palestinians to my dying breath. Which ever came first in that conflict which now is reduced to an Israeli Prime Minister's coinage of the word "terrorism." Terrorism practiced only by the Palestinians...........

We reward their foot dragging, obfuscation, preemptive wars with many rewards too numerous to mention herein.
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koolwoman
03:09 PM on 09/27/2007
I am embarressed at the way Bollinger treated an invited guest . The whole world was watching as he, Bollinger, made a fool of himself. You don't invite someone to speak and then speak first and call him names. Every guest should be shown respect or don't invite him.
02:30 PM on 09/27/2007
yes! this point of view is badly in need of wide dissemination. the level of discourse the media amplifies is disheartening.
03:48 PM on 09/27/2007
I too was embarassed by the treatment given to a guest. It made Amwhatever look good instead letting him blather away with his foolsihness.
It reminded jme of when Ted Kennedy first ran of the Senate here in MAss. His opponent rightly said"If your name was Edward Moore instead of Edward Moore Kennedy your candidacy would be a joke." Kennedy just sat there and too it but he was overwhelmingly elected because people were offended at the rudeness he was shown.
Our foreign policy is conducted in that same rude and arrogant way earning us enemies everywhere. Only Kucinich gets that communication and diplomacy is the tool to use not saber rattling and insults.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
02:17 PM on 09/27/2007
Well said! How do you find out what others are thinking if you don't hear them? Not being allowed to hear them implies fear that they may actually make sense.

This is the way the right wing religious folks work, they don't want their children or anyone to hear any other way of thinking, for fear that they will like that other way of thinking and abandon what the right wing religious folks WANT them to think. If a person never hears anything else, how will they know what options there are?

It is also good to know just how awful some think, so you can be forewarned as to what they are likely to do. That is why the right wing religious folks try to sneak into our institutions and government, because if we know what they are thinking we wouldn't want anything to do with them.

I have to feel that the women that are associated with the right wingers REALLY don't know or understand what the men have in mind for them, or they would have NOTHING to do with them. They THINK they will be PROTECTED by the men, when in reality it's all about enslaving them in gilded (and not so gilded) cages.

Look at what the right wingers in the Muslim religion think and say, and compare that to what the right wingers in the Christian religion say. You won't find a lot of difference. It's just a matter of degree, and if Christian right wingers were honest, that degree would be far closer.

That is one of the reasons they DON'T want people like Ahmadinejad to speak. Someone might make the comparison and find all the similarities.
02:08 PM on 09/27/2007
I've read many criticisms of Mr. Bollinger and his introduction of that Muslim Monster. Perhaps he spoke as he did to "show that dictatorial president of Iran" that we are free in this country to say as we please. This would be a "death penalty" in Iraq. Perhaps if the "visitor" had not been a "raving maniac" in his speeches in his own country, the introductin may have been different. We owe no respect to such as this Muslim Radical
01:31 PM on 09/27/2007
I always thought action spoke louder than word. What country have Iran attacked? What country have America attacked? My belief that the biggest threat to world peace is the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and it’s PEOPLES that supports this B.S. If the people of this country believe it’s OK to attack a sovereign nation solely based on accusation. God help us all! I am begun to believe this nation is the belly of the beast. If someone wanted to denied or investigate whether slavery existed in America why should I be offended. The truth can with stand any scrutiny. Why is it a crime in some countries to question the Jewish holocaust?
03:34 PM on 09/27/2007
It's OK to review and attack ideas. To deny the facts, verified by the perpetrators themselves, such as the holocaust, isn't scrutiny, it's hate mongoring. So it's ok to attack Ahmadinejad, but not ok to attack Iran.
As the # 1 superpower, we are a threat to world peace, but we are standing in for many nations, officially or not. Welcome to the 21st century, where dialogue can flourish, and so can alot of death and suffering brought on by convergence of fundementalism, self-interest, misguided or misintentioned leadership, and real or perceived fear. It sucks and it has to change or we'll relive the catastrophe's of the WW's only to much greater level than we can even imagine.
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01:30 PM on 09/27/2007
I keep hearing Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called things like a "petty and cruel dictator"--always a dictator. Cruel? Open to interpretation. Petty? Hell, yes--worse than Hugo Chavez, almost as bad as George Dubya himself. Dictator? Sorry, no; he's not even the head of state. The mullahs--I believe it's called the Supreme Religious Council--run Iran. This is the official set-up, not a "power behind the throne" deal like the one Dick Cheney has here.
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splashy
Really?!?!!!
02:22 PM on 09/27/2007
Yes, he was elected.
01:22 PM on 09/27/2007
I have to agree with Mr. Stone: universities often deal with thorny stuff. I would prefer if Dr. Bollinger, besides speaking his mind, challenged the philosophical assumptions of Mr. Ahmadinejad. He, however, chose to whine like a naughty child, which indeed came out as an insult. The university's role is to dispassionately investigate, and above all to listen to all sides. Coming to a conclusion before Mr. Ahmadinejad spoke, violated the motto enshrined in the university's charter, for the university's motto is "to seek the truth." I think that, regrettably, Dr. Bollinger put the carriage before the horse this one time!
12:47 PM on 09/27/2007
Wasn't it Oliver Wendell Holmes who said that if the First Amendment was to have any meaning at all it was that we must expose *all* ideas to the examination of the market place, there to stand or fall as we see fit? It's quite typical of the GOPeratives and Noise makers that they would condemn Columbia for bringing this grinning lunatic to campus. Columbia's detractors don't want debate; they want invasion.
12:11 PM on 09/27/2007
A Bolling is not fit to head a university. He showed himself to be a boor and ignorant of the value of common courtesy. Ahminedjad, for all his Muslim beliefs, made the man look like the fool he is. How people could accept his behavior while vilifying an invited head of state would be beyond me, except I watched my town turn red with "patriotic" flags under the influence of BushCo. Jingosim rules in the good ol' USofA.