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Greg Anrig

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How Social Security Can Gain Without Much Pain

Posted: 06/17/10 12:40 PM ET

As Obama's Fiscal Commission prepares for its June 30 hearing, the Roosevelt Institute's New Deal 2.0 blog invited me to participate in its Social Security's Fiscal Fitness series, which examines the soundness of the program, its relationship to the federal deficit, and the vital role it plays in America's economic future.

Advocates of cutting Social Security benefits often argue ruefully that they wish that there was some other way to "save" the program. But, they say sadly, the only realistic choices involve shared sacrifice and pain. So they recommend changes like further delays in the age when full retirement benefits can be collected, reducing cost-of-living adjustments to Social Security payments, and other cuts that would reduce how much future retirees are scheduled to receive.

But in fact, Social Security's currently strong finances could be sustained beyond a 75-year time horizon entirely through modest tax increases targeted toward high-income workers. Social Security provides vital protections that have been enormously successful in reducing poverty among the elderly and disabled, but its benefits are by no means overly generous. Compared to 30 OECD nations, the U.S. ranks 25th in the share of an average worker's earnings that is replaced upon retirement by a country's public pension program. Social Security's annual benefit of about $13,860 a year for an average retired worker is only slightly above the poverty level of $10,830.

According to the projections of Social Security's Trustees, the program will be able to continue paying promised benefits in full until 2037. After that point, payroll taxes will be sufficient to finance about three-fourths of promised benefits. Over the 75-year time frame that the Trustees are required to forecast, that gap between promised benefits and revenues amounts to about 0.7 percent of GDP. Closing it would require the equivalent of a 1 percentage point increase in the current Social Security payroll tax rate paid by employees and matched by employers. But the same amount of revenue could be raised in a variety of ways that would confine the extra burden to taxpayers who would be best able to afford it.

One easily defended way to do that would be to raise the cap on annual wages subject to the Social Security payroll tax, which is currently $106,800. Past Congresses have set the cap at a level where it equaled 90 percent of aggregate earnings in Social Security employment. But simply because the incomes of the higher paid have risen much more rapidly than average wages over the past few decades, the cap has declined to nearly the 80 percent level, without any action by Congress whatsoever. Gradually restoring it to the historic 90 percent baseline in and of itself would close about a third of the 75-year shortfall. In the process, only the 6 percent of workers earning above the cap would owe more and their payroll tax deductions would simply continue for a few days longer into the year than they do now. And those workers paying more would receive higher benefits as a result.

One way to close the entire remainder of the shortfall would be to remove the cap entirely just for the employer contributions to an upper income worker's payroll taxes. That wouldn't directly affect the paychecks of those employees, though it might somewhat dampen their future raises. Still, considering that the highest earners continue to prosper and enjoy far greater economic security than everyone else, the adjustment is a reasonably fair way to sustain the nation's most important social insurance program.

An alternative that would more than completely eliminate the 2 percent of payroll shortfall would be to impose a small investment transactions tax (similar to Great Britain's) of one-fourth of one percent on publicly traded stock, credit swap derivatives, and other financial instruments. Some economists have long supported the idea as a way of deterring economically wasteful "churning" in investment markets, and the cost again would largely be borne by individuals and Wall Street firms that can most afford it.

Other proposals, including earmarking estate revenues to Social Security, also could go a long way to bridging the long-term funding gap without imposing pain on average citizens. But the main reality to recognize is that, notwithstanding the dour "truth-telling" of alarmist politicians, anti-government ideologues, and misinformed journalists, Social Security can be sustained indefinitely without inflicting any pain whatsoever on the vast majority of Americans, and with only modest costs to upper-income taxpayers.

Cross-posted from New Deal 2.0.

 
 
 
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07:28 PM on 06/26/2010
The looters always want more money.
12:27 PM on 06/21/2010
Shut down SSA altogether and return the money paid into the system to the taxpayers. Force them to purchase disability and retirement policies with said money. Create a forced Disability and Retirement program that can be controlled by the owner. The person would have to save 15 percent one way or another.

Social Security is worse than any insurance company I have ever dealt with. I have had 5 back surgeries. I have a pump implanted in me that delivers dilaudid directly to the spinal canal. I can barely get out of bed during the day. I just received my second denial letter from SSA. My attorneys secretary states they don't even look at the files until the hearing and that takes 2 years. Shame on the taxpayers and congress for allowing this crap to occur. It is just a scam like any insurance company. Shame on our society for treating severely injured and sick this way.

CLOSE IT DOWN!!
07:28 PM on 06/26/2010
I prefer investing in SSI without having a choice, and getting a fraction of what I put in in return (sarcasm). It is great that not a single person getting paid from it says it is enough, and those paying for it say it takes too much.

Of course the looters say taking more will fix it. As if that is a good thing. SSI is now Americas retirement plan rather than a safety net.
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William1950
everything I say could be wrong
12:53 AM on 06/21/2010
eliminate the cap on ... at least double the amount.
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davidmjoyce
03:58 PM on 06/19/2010
Perhaps we should tax non-profit think tanks and churches to help reduce the debt? Why not? Both intervene in politics and decide how tax funds from other sources are utilized.
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davidmjoyce
03:12 PM on 06/19/2010
Buy a 42 inch plasma screen or save for retirement? Buy a new SUV or save for retirement? Oh wait, I'll make a responsible person pay for my retirement while I buy both. Whoo Hoo!!!
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jmpurser
See My micro-bio
09:33 AM on 06/18/2010
Agreed. SS is one of the least problematic issues facing this country. The problem is small, far off, and there aremany small incremental fixes any one of which would deal with it quite effectively.

The fact that "the establishment" can only see hurting working people as the cure says a lot about who "the establishment" is working for.
09:27 AM on 06/18/2010
Social security was NEVER meant to be your only source of income after retirement, it was meant to supplement your pension or IRA savings. People did not plan for their retirements and now they expect to get a big check every month to live on. Plan ahead kids do not do that to yourselves.
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jmpurser
See My micro-bio
09:34 AM on 06/18/2010
Yeah but we screwed up all the OTHER sources of retirement income so it is the only one most people have.

Reality, get ya some.
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davidmjoyce
03:15 PM on 06/19/2010
I put aside 12% of my pay each week. Been doing it since I was making $14,700 in 1986. I've never owned a new car though. I've never owned a fancy house either. I have been responsible. What a crazy concept in today's America.
08:18 AM on 06/18/2010
obama's fiscal commission is stacked with pete petersen devotees who are committed to
destroying social security. the commission needs to be disbanded and discredited.
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abbienormal
What hump?
07:50 AM on 06/18/2010
I like the idea of raising the cap on the employer contribution. However, the FICA credit would have to be raised for the self-employed or some other exemption should apply.
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jmpurser
See My micro-bio
09:35 AM on 06/18/2010
It's not just "employer contributions". The cap is on the total salary subject to the tax. Lifting or removing it would affect both the employer and employee contributions.

I like it too.
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abbienormal
What hump?
09:57 AM on 06/18/2010
I know, but the article suggests a change in the cap on employer contributions without raising the employee contribution. That idea appeals to me.
DUSAA-1775
never moon a werewolf
06:54 AM on 06/18/2010
So the shortfalls in social security can be fixed simply by raising taxes?

wow...who knew?? why haven't the democrats thought of this before?
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jmpurser
See My micro-bio
09:36 AM on 06/18/2010
Because the Democrats have been just as anti-tax as the GOP has, just not quite as willing to sink the nation to do it.
02:15 AM on 06/18/2010
Wages have been depressed in this country for decades resulting with income inequality. In the early 70's 100 to one ratio between highest paid to lowest paid in an organization would have been considered extreme, and now 10,000's to one can be found. Plus I've read where the current entrants into the job market are not going to live as long as their parents due to the corporate farm diet. We live in a finite world, and our present culture of expanding use of disposables is ruinous.
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rotorhead1871
who are you jivin' with that cosmic debris?...
01:55 AM on 06/18/2010
tax everyone...we all should pay, as much as i dont want to.....cus i want the benefit....at some point...
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jmpurser
See My micro-bio
09:36 AM on 06/18/2010
Everyone who earns a paycheck is taxed for SS.
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Azsin
i need a wife
12:42 AM on 06/18/2010
ever notice most of our
debt problems can be solved by slighly raising taxes on the rich?

why do u think most americans polled agree to this and have been for the past 15 years?

why did 10 states raise taxes on the rich to balance the budgets?
( most of those states voted those rates in)

why did reagan raise taxes 3 times after he lost the congress?
he was afraid he would bankrupt ss and medicare and lose the old people suport?
and bankrupt the country?

why did bush1 and clinton raise taxes ( not to pre reagan levels mind you) and balance the budget?
have a surplus? cause IT WORKED

remember cons and teabaggers the rich can afford it and the rich are richer now
raise the income tax on millionaires and billionaris
anyone done the math on that?

we taxed the rich to pay for civil war ww1 ww2 and to combat the depression
im not saying go back to 90% levels
but more than 35% for people making 250,000 to 1 billlion is sillly and rediculous

put that on every ballot and see how many people vote and vote them in
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rucognizant
06:45 AM on 06/18/2010
REMEMBER bush's TAX CUTS??? I could live onmy SS income 'till then. It has been a struggle ever since!
No raise for inflation..no inflation? Then why does my income run out 1 1`/2 weeks after I get it:
leaving me 3-4 weeks with no money? I used to make it, at least 3 1/2 weeks before being dead broke!
Now I am forced to take the Government Food ( ?) supplemental. In 2 months I have accumul;ated 4.5 POUNDS of corn flakes with SUGAR, SALT, & corn SYRUP! They give me a stomach ache because my old body has been fueled with HEALTHY, FOOD FOR 71 years! Almost everything in the package has 150 mlg. of salt! My Dr. had to up my blood pressure meds this week!
MOST IMPORTANT: THE $5.00 PER HOUR INCOME, PREVENTS ME FROM MAKING THE KIND OF COMMUNITY SERVICE CONTRIBUTION THIS COUNTRY DESPERATELY NEEDS! I have a killer memory, an ability to see the large picture, having been formed before the PROPAGANDA became to all inclusive ( dumbed down PUBLIC EDUCATION 30 years ago,) and the WILL to do something...unfortunately......3 weeks out of 4 or 5 of the month.......I can't even drive into town to volunteer, in my 27 yr old dsl car that gets 50 m p gal, fuel costs too much.
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rucognizant
06:45 AM on 06/18/2010
I am working with the food pantry to develop creative nutritious recipes from macaroni, peanut butter, & canned corn....................I feed the govt cheese to the cat,. she likes it and it is not a food item in my book!
From my perspective.....................change is discouraged big time!
08:19 AM on 06/20/2010
Send me that cheese I don't know about now, but that used to be some of the best American cheese I have ever tasted.
09:15 PM on 06/17/2010
Social Security is not broken that is why the big banks are chomping at the bits to get at their hands on it. After all no bonus can be two big.
DUSAA-1775
never moon a werewolf
06:56 AM on 06/18/2010
...' Social Security is not broken ...' with brilliant minds speaking on this matter I am sure that the people entering the work force will be relived to know that SS is alive and healthy and will be waiting for them.
10:11 AM on 06/18/2010
Not if the big banks get their hands on it.
07:41 PM on 06/17/2010
Tax the rich.

Tax em back to the Stone Age.
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Amin Khad
11:35 PM on 06/17/2010
Great idea. That will really encourage more enterprise, and not lead to more resources being diverted to tax avoidance.

One day you'll have to let it go. You'll have to stand up on your own.
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abbienormal
What hump?
08:09 AM on 06/18/2010
Uncle Milt would be proud. Oh, except for the fact that his ideas have been largely disproven and discredited.
11:09 AM on 06/18/2010
It worked very well during the Eisenhower days.

90% on the top bracket.

It's either that or continue down a course that will end in Revolution.