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"Here in America we are descended in blood and in spirit from revolutionists and rebels - men and women who dare to dissent from accepted doctrine. As their heirs, may we never confuse honest dissent with disloyal subversion."

-- President Dwight D. Eisenhower, New York City, May 31, 1954


This would never happen, of course. But let's just say the United States invades a sovereign nation because the oil-rich country in question is hiding weapons of mass destruction. Its cache of WMD is said to be an imminent threat to the United States and its allies (read: Israel). If we don't strike first then the last thing Americans could see is a mushroom cloud overhead, similar to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And as Washington knows, mushroom clouds signal the death of tens of thousands of civilians.

So at the urging of a New England-bred president with a native Texan swagger, Congress blesses the invasion despite loud objections from the world and the U.N. The ensuing conflict becomes a bloodbath best not viewed by our newest high-def TVs. Untold numbers of civilians are killed. Not ours, mind you. Theirs. Tens of thousands of working-class folk die, many in gruesome scenes; so many dead that the United States doesn't bother counting. Those who survive aren't only shocked and awed by the invasion, they are traumatized and/or wounded and/or orphaned and/or unemployed.

But, hey, war is ugly. Even I know that, and I'm sitting in a recliner with a laptop. Then -- and here's the twist to this Clancy plot -- the U.S. government is mistaken about caches of WMD. Let's say the threat turns out to not be exactly as it was packaged and sold. Soldiers and politicians were duped. But since we're already there, might as well finish the job.

See the twist? The protagonist becomes the antagonist. It would be cliche if it weren't so real -- real, at least, in the minds of many of the soldiers ordered to kill-kill-kill in this wrongheaded war. They signed up to defend the United States, not to invade and occupy its political enemies, the enemies of its allies and the perceived enemies of the American way -- be it the way of Wall Street and/or Washington.

This Sunday, March 21, from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. at The Riverside Church in New York City, the Truth Commission on Conscience in War will hold a public hearing on the moral criteria of "just war" and the international agreements on the proper conduct of war, e.g., the Geneva Conventions and Nuremberg Principles. Testimony from war veterans and religious leaders will explore, among other things, current-day logic and law as it applies to Conscientious Objector (CO) status, and the differences between just-war objections and pacifism. Military regulations recognize an individual's right to refuse combat for reasons of faith or conscience, but the CO status does not distinguish between wars of national defense and those of preemptive strikes, which can lead to invasion and occupation.

Sunday's event begins a six-month campaign by the Truth Commission to educate the public, especially religious communities, about the realities and conundrums of modern-day soldiers. Although U.S. armed forces are all-voluntary, political, religious and military leaders argue that soldiers are still drafted into service. Only today it's by economics. Lower- and middle-class soldiers often enlist because of limited access to a living wage and an inability to pay for college.

___


"When people speak to you about a preventive war, you tell them to go and fight it. After my experience, I have come to hate war."

-- President Eisenhower, five-star Army general in World War II and Supreme Commander of Allied Forces during invasions of France and Germany.


One of the soldiers testifying on Sunday will be Hawaii's Logan Laituri, an Army combat veteran who helped found Centurion's Guild, a nonprofit that assists military recruits with grants and other ways to pay for college tuition. The intention is to give lower- and middle-income kids options other than combat. When I returned to Iraq in January for a book's research, Laituri, 28, went along with me and several others. He traveled into Iraq's Al Anbar province, one of the war's hotbeds three years ago, the only way that he considered to be proper. Unarmed. In his world and mine, guests rarely bring guns to a host's house.

In 2006, Laituri, who had served one tour in Iraq in 2004-05, had submitted a CO request asking that he not be forced to carry a weapon. Although he he had not killed anyone in his previous tour, he'd seen enough to know that he could. Deep down in him there was a Pandora's Box that only combat could open. Even after Laituri had befriended everyday Iraqis such as his interpreter, empathized with Iraqi families subjected to random searches, and grieved for the dead he saw spilling from a morgue, he felt that the lines of his Christian morality were forever blurred. His "moral agency" was suspect. He didn't fear the enemy as much as he feared himself.

He put the gun down before he did something that would cause him to toss and turn forever. Before his moral agency became a casualty of moral injury -- and the victim of a wrongheaded war.

The Army eventually granted Laituri an honorable discharge.

"Moral injury does not occur only when you kill somebody, when you take somebody out. It's also when you reach that point where you thought about taking somebody out. When you realize for the first time that you could have done it, that you are capable of it," he says. "I just didn't want to do something that I would regret for the rest of my life. I didn't want to have to take someone out only because I was told to."

 
 
 

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07:50 AM on 03/23/2010
International law since Nuremburg lays on every soldier the obligation to ensure the legality of his own actions, and will hold him liable for his choices. This is a responsibility which cannot be delegated. If it could, 'just following orders' would be an acceptable defense. Our greatest jurists and institutions have declared that this will not be so.

That being the case, basic fairness demands that anyone given such an obligation must also have the capacity to exercise it, or our laws are merely arbitrary cruelty.

If we demand that soldiers be individually responsible for their acts, then we have to be prepared to enable them to do so.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
patches12
01:41 PM on 03/22/2010
Of course they should not obey. Military should run through a show of hands. It would make things run smoother and ensure unfair orders are not carries out.
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11:58 AM on 03/22/2010
Thank you for the post.
Perhaps the problem runs deeper- our economic system, especially as more mundane jobs are exported, is dependent on the waging of war. I don't need to go into historic examples of excuses being made for the proverbial "breaking and repair of windows".
Snippets from http://www.joebageant.com/joe/2010/03/from-wall-street.html#more
"The industrial warfare of World Wars I and II, and even "the atom bomb," now seem quaint, compared to today's vastly more profitable technological warfare, which, unlike the previous warmaking style, we've come to embrace. Whereas the atomic bomb spawned the largest peace movement in both American and world history, techno-war spawned such things as computer war game market, with its virtual "mass combat role playing," and fantasy war making." We have embraced the machinery of our undoing as recreation.
somewhere over the Middle East, killer drones are being operated remotely by Americans in Nevada bunkers, as virtual and as removed from the blood and fire as any computer game. Both the real and the virtual warfare flourish, both fed on virtual money of the banking elites. If real money -- money not based upon endless future debt in an imaginary world of unlimited growth and perpetual war -- were required, neither would exist.
'nuff said.
02:14 AM on 03/22/2010
I just have to say another thing.Its not my job to morally weigh the strategic decisions of the commander in chief. That's YOUR job- the citizenry and voting public. Its the job of your congressmen and women. Its the job of the Supreme Court. Its even the job of your religious and community leadership. Heck, I'll even tolerate Jane Fonda running her yap (as long as she stays 30-40 kilometers away or moves about every three minutes). I think that upon relfection, you would rather the guy who is pushing a shopping cart down main street mumbling to himself weighing in on that before you want to hear me. My job is to execute the legal orders of the government. I may have an opinion of the strategy (and I do). You don't want that opinion publicly. We get into whether or not to obey an order when we get something like, "Make that guy talk, I don't care how you do it- here's a bucket of water." But you don;t want my opinion of whether we are going to war or not. "Do you want to go to war?" Of Course not!! It sucks! "Wouldn't you rather be fighting I another country?" Yes, Rio, the climate is better. "Do you think that you have the moral right to kill someone". Thats between me and God, butt out. Otherwise, I wouldn't be standing behind this howitzer if I had that many doubts about the subject.
01:26 AM on 03/22/2010
Let me just say that as a currently serving soldier this is a stupid idea. All of you should think about this for a minute: do you really want me to pick and chose my war based on my political opinion? If I can opt out of a deployment because my political party didn't support it, then think a little about what I might opt IN for if my poilitical party supports it? That is what this article is talking about. . If I have political autonomy as a soldier (and much worse, as an officer), then you are in for a rough generation at my hands. Trust me, if you want to see what this ends up look at the political climate in Afghanistan today, with its confusing mix of regional strogmen and warlords, each with their own private armies, running for (or away from ) public office. And thats just the guys that are supposedly on our side. You really want the US to end up like that? Then keep encouraging us to get involved in the politics of our wars. Think a little bit about the overwhelming political sympathies of the leadership of this military. You still want us acting as political individuals? You may want to thank your lucky stars that we are apolitical on the job. Evidently this isn't enough for some people. These people better be careful that they may get what they are asking for. They won't like it.
11:15 PM on 03/21/2010
Almost everybody around me (in UT) was pro-war when it was declared. I demonstrated against the war, but that was a very lonely position to take. NOT ONE of these people have expressed any remorse for being so terribly wrong about Iraq or about the loss of lives. They don't care.

That's why America goes to war often and sometimes for no reason. Because Americans do NOT care. Americans simply want to be top of the food chain and do whatever they want, screw the world.
12:41 PM on 03/21/2010
We all are soldiers. It's the weapons we choose that reflects our moral stand.
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07:07 AM on 03/21/2010
"The worst outcrop of herd life [is] the military system, which I abhor. That a man can take pleasure in marching in fours to the strains of a band is enough to make me despise him. He has only been given his big brain by mistake; unprotected spinal marrow was all he needed. This plague-spot of civilization ought to be abolished with all possible speed. Heroism on command, senseless violence, and all the loathsome nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism - how passionately I hate them! How vile and despicable war seems to me! I would rather be hacked in pieces than take part in such an abominable business."

- Albert Einstein, Ideas And Opinions
01:37 AM on 03/22/2010
Well, that's nice. and if you are that smart, then feel free to think like that. After all, those of us lowly animals who apparently don't need our higer craniums should be humbled that one such as yourself is willing to mix with the likes of us. However, I am willing to call your bluff, that you do not posess the enormous capacity that dear old Albert posessed. That "herd" is most likely plenty challenging for you, as it is for many of us. I'll wager that you either know little yourself, or failed miserably at something similar, to field such high-handed contempt for my profession.
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02:46 AM on 03/22/2010
I respect your opinion and thank your polite response.

I don't understand and can't imagine how a person whose profession is in the military be other but a miserable failure.

"I spent 33 years and four months in active military service and during that period I spent most of my time as a high class muscle man for Big Business, for Wall Street and the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer, a gangster for capitalism."

- U.S. Marine Major General Smedley Darlington Butler, one of only 19 people to be twice awarded the Medal of Honor, War Is a Racket, 1935


The fact that a soldier participates in military operations without analyzing, and studying the reasons of the operation, and taking the decision to participate or not is what makes that profession an "abominable business."

"War is so unjust and ugly that all who wage it must try to stifle the voice of conscience within themselves." - Leo Tolstoy
02:31 PM on 03/20/2010
I don’t see anything in the current oaths, enlisted or officer, about the necessity of orders being legal. I may recollect wrong, but from my swearing in long ago I am left with the impression that legal orders was in there somewhere. However, for enlisted, the Constitution, to which allegiance is also sworn, trumps the UCOMJ. For officers, the UCOMJ is not mentioned, so it’s all Constitution. I’m not current with the UCOMJ, so don’t know what it now says.

War crimes are illegal and part of our Supreme Law of the Land in accordance with US Constitution, Article VI, item 2, “... and all treaties made ...shall be the supreme law ...” as well as US War Crimes Act of 1966. By all relevant International and US laws, both Iraq and Afghanistan invasions were War Crimes. Statement of fact. Therefore, refusal to participate would not only be legal, but required. However, to be practical, in the current environment that would most probably lead to being prosecuted. In the last several years we have not paid much attention to laws
01:43 AM on 03/22/2010
You seem to include "political decisions coolfireone doesn't agree" with in the definition of war crimes. Both Afghanistan and Iraq were authorized by Congress. The orders of deployment and operation were legal. There would have been no legal stand to take. Remember back during the Clinton administration when some dumbasses wanted to protest operating under the UN? Same thing. That was fullfilling a treaty obligation, sucks to be you if you have to wear a blue hat in doing your job. In contrast to your opinion, by no relevant laws were Afghanistan or Iraq illegal. Unless you have in your possession some special knowledge, then you better cough it up to the DOJ, you can't make that into a "fact".
10:38 AM on 03/22/2010
The actions by the Bush administration in getting authorization for Iraq were illegal. Fraud and Perjury are crimes. Clinton was impeached for lying about a bj, Bush was applauded for lying about a nuke.

However, some of the actions of soldiers in the field were also illegal. Despite what the DOJ may have thought at the time, the Geneva Convention still applies. It will never be enforced against the US, but that doesn't excuse anything.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
realitytrumpsbull
two 'alves of coconut!
01:53 AM on 03/20/2010
Why have a military? The reasons are various, but the application of the military is twofold, much like a football team: Offense, and defense. And, that's how it was used, to conduct an offensive, violent invasion of two foreign countries, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Was it because of hypothetical mushroom clouds, or because of stacks of money to be derived from the oil business?

Maj. Gen. Smedley Butler, two-time CMH recipient, wrote an essay, called 'war is a racket', long, long before Iraq was ever a twinkle in Cheney's eye. I think it should be mandatory reading in high school, so that kids who might be contemplating a military career read first-hand a long-deceased and highly successful general's thoughts on the matter. Why? Because we end up repeating the mistakes we fail to learn from, and Bush's best quote throughout should resound as both blunt and honest statement, and a warning akin to Eisenhower's farewell address: "We are addicted to oil". It is a condition that is part and parcel to the American condition, and until we become energy-independent, oil-independent, it is a condition that will continue to shape the future of this country, regardless of how people feel about war, regardless of who's in office, or what party, and maybe when all these college kids decide what their major's going to be, they'll major in energy, instead of becoming Majors and doing all the hand-wringing, and stuff.
01:50 AM on 03/22/2010
I'm offended! I don't wring my hands at all! I do "stuff", though..... I noticed that a lot of people on HP like to quote Butler. While undoubtable brave- he was also kind of a crackpot. He was mostly involved in the South American- Carribean wars in the twenties and thirties. In some cases he would have been exactly correct to call those operations rackets- but also well within the US national interests at the time. BTW- those operations gave all of those countries ample reason to not trust the US for a good long time. He also was very frustrated with his military career and political expectations at the time that he wrote that book. Take a look at some of the retired GOs who came out at excoriated Rumsfeld right after they retired. Not all of them had (ahem) purely altruistic motives. So take Butler's work with a little grain of salt and keep in mind the context it was written in.
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HelloFunnyWorld
In Times Of Sorry Leadership.... Cry or Manage Up?
11:06 PM on 03/19/2010
They do. In Israel. And then face the music. Or do the time. When they have to.

But no matter where a young man is from, it would take a lot of courage to face your fellow soldiers, say "no" .... and walk out.

And in some circles, there might be too heavy a price for a young man to pay.
shylove2
warfare state is pathological
06:59 PM on 03/19/2010
We were told they knew Iraq had WMD's and where they were. Even if they did, so do we, what is the reason we think they will use them imminently? If it was a iie or was just wrong no one should be required to be there and we shouldn't be paying fot it either.

Afghanistan started when Carter signed on to use them to lure the Soviet Union to occupy not after they occupied, in order to give them a Vietnam experience, as such who started using who as collateral damage??
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
sporty1
being me
06:36 PM on 03/20/2010
The whole buildup to the Iraq war was scripted from day 1, when GWB first stuck up his head to run for President. GWB wanted to invade Iraq and kick the Iraqis' butts, again, after his father did it once after they invaded Kuwait. Why he had such a hard on against Saddam and Iraq is not hard to discern, after Iraq sent a bunch to assassinate his father (a rather amateurish attempt easily stopped) and Saddam was allowed to survive after the US smashed his army and reduced it to about 1/2 its previous capability. GWB had just about everyone step marching to the tune of his slogans and thinly veiled fear inducing lies. It was obvious to me at the time - "why oh why doesn't someone in power see that this is a hideous mistake" I thought to myself, "If he means what he says, and does what he keeps saying he'll do and has strongly implied all along that is what he is going to whip up sentiment to do, why are they allowing him to do that, playing along, voting in confidence of him???????" Huh? How stupid can a populace and elected government of elite highly functioning individuals be??? I bet ten dollars with a friend that we wouldn't invade Iraq, it was waaaayyyyyy too absurd I thought. He's bluffing. I lost my bet....... Lord help us.
01:57 PM on 03/19/2010
"Our real enemies are not those living in a distant land whose names or policies we don't understand; The real enemy is a system that wages war when it's profitable, the CEOs who lay us off our jobs when it's profitable, the Insurance Companies who deny us Health care when it's profitable, the Banks who take away our homes when it's profitable. Our enemies are not several thousands miles away. They are right here in front of us"

- Mike Prysner (Iraq War Veteran)
06:54 PM on 03/20/2010
Nicely said.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GrumpyGrandpa
A '60's liberal who didn't sell out
12:37 PM on 03/19/2010
Wow! This is powerful stuff. I am still trying not to cry. These kids are going through what we went through in Viet Nam, only they don't call it a draft anymore, they call it "opportunity'. The opportunity to go to college if you kill your quota of people who may or may not have done you or your fellow soldiers or countrymen any harm. Some of the ones who have done you harm have done so because you were ih their country propping up a corrupt leader who abuses his position daily. Thus they feel like they are defending their children and wife.
War is a hellish thing. I have done that and never gotten over it.. It is particularly hellish when you find out that your leaders have been lying to you about the motivations for the war. Like WMD or the Pentagon Papers. Is it any wonder that veterans are committing suicide at such an astonishing rate? Please stop the war and bring out kids home. the next time we go to war, the people who make that decision should be required to send their children to fight alongside the poor and working class kids. Fair is fair.
01:15 PM on 03/19/2010
Vietnam was fought mostly by low -motivation, badly trained conscripts engaged in an unnecessary war.
Modern U.S. soldier is a volunteer and highly motivated professional, paid for his/her work.
Afghanistan invasion is approved by United Nations Security Council. It is a measured and perfectly justified response to the challenge posed by a henious attack on U.S. by islamic militants.
One can certainly argue about tactics and strategy of that conflict.
But that's another matter.
Think about it...
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Caru
Politics is fun to watch.
01:49 PM on 03/19/2010
You see, after an invasion there's this thing called an occupation.

Think about it...
jhNY
Mercy.
01:56 PM on 03/19/2010
"Vietnam was fought mostly by low -motivation, badly trained conscripts engaged in an unnecessary war. " Classy! Support the troops! Only not these troops, I guess...
11:17 PM on 03/20/2010
"War is a hellish thing. I have done that and never gotten over it.. It is particularly hellish when you find out that your leaders have been lying to you about the motivations for the war. Like WMD or the Pentagon Papers. Is it any wonder that veterans are committing suicide at such an astonishing rate?"

Dear Grandpa,

Thank you for your service in Viet Nam as well as your humanity to reach out to the veterans of today & your understanding of what it must be like to live in an occupied country & have one's family under attack by the most powerful military forces in the world. I am waiting for another Daniel Ellsberg to bring us a new set of Pentagon Papers explaining why we are doing so much harm to so many, with our war-mongering, war-profiteering & occupation policies, including as much harm to ourselves as to anyone else.
12:27 PM on 03/19/2010
there are honest and committed dissenters and then there are malingerers and cowards.
It is often difficult to distinguish one from another. As in any other matter of jurisprudence, sometimes judges will get it right and sometimes not.
In all cases the burden of proof should be on the professional soldiers who knowingly and voluntarily signed a contract to, to be blunt about it-- to kill or die when asked. I mean that without approbation!
In the case of conscript army this would be different. But U.S. army is voluntary and professional.
Hence, the best case scenario for dissenters should be dishonorable discharge and loss of all benefits.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
GrumpyGrandpa
A '60's liberal who didn't sell out
12:44 PM on 03/19/2010
Your comment misses the point of the piece entirely. They are coerced into signing the 'contracts' because there is no other way out for them from the poverty that they live in or to provide for opportunity for their children like you did. A coerced contract is a void contract.
The statements you make in your comment are the best argument for reinstating the draft I ever heard. But this time, no deferments or exemptions for the poor little rich kids in college. That way the future Dick Cheneys, Rush Limbaughs, Bill Kristols, Newt Gingrichs, and Phil Bramms can understand what they are going to subject their children to before they start they next made up war.
01:07 PM on 03/19/2010
"They are coerced into signing the 'contracts.."
No one is "coerced" into anything.
People exercise free will by taking responsibility for their own actions.
There are many ways out of poverty for motivated individuals.
Ever heard of college or work?