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Greg Carey

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Paul Did Not 'Invent' Christianity

Posted: 10/26/2011 12:51 pm

It's not rare to encounter people who claim that Paul "invented" Christianity. The basic idea is that Jesus taught a pure and ethical form of Judaism that focused on God and gracious living, while Paul developed a religion that worshiped Jesus rather than God. Though this idea literally makes no sense historically, it's gotten a lot of run. Even the occasional serious academic book "blames" Paul for perverting Jesus' message in inventing Christianity.

One easily appreciates the appeal of this position. In the first three Gospels -- Matthew, Mark and Luke -- Jesus speaks continually about the kingdom of God. He does not ordinarily speak about himself. In the fourth Gospel, however, Jesus talks about himself all the time. Even ancient Christians recognized this phenomenon. Writing around the year 200, Clement of Alexandria described John as "a spiritual Gospel" on the grounds that it relayed not the literal history of Jesus' career but its spiritual and theological significance. How did followers of Jesus move from a religion focused upon Israel's God and God's kingdom to a religion devoted to the person of Jesus? For many, the Apostle Paul fills that gap.

However, every bit of evidence we possess demonstrates that Paul did not, in fact, invent Christianity. Let's begin with how Paul came to follow Jesus in the first place. The book of Acts claims that Paul, having already persecuted some believers in Jesus, has a visionary encounter with the risen Christ. Paul himself describes that encounter as an "apocalypse," or a revelation. In any event, Acts agrees with Paul that the new apostle turned for support to a community of believers that already resided in Damascus.

If Paul invented Christianity, how did that community in Damascus come to exist? Paul's "conversion," as some call it, occurred within just two or three years of Jesus' death -- and already communities of Jesus followers were spreading beyond Judea and Galilee into Samaria, Syria and other parts of the ancient Mediterranean world.

Moreover, a look at Paul's missionary career debunks the notion that Paul invented Christianity. Having joined the believing community at Damascus, Paul later goes on to Syrian Antioch. The believing community there -- Acts refers to them being called "Christians" -- supports Paul and his partner Barnabas in their missionary activities (Acts 11:19-26). Obviously, the church would not have supported Paul if his teachings represented a radical departure from what they already knew.

Paul's next base of operations was Ephesus, a grand city in what is now southwestern Turkey. Again, the church in Ephesus existed prior to Paul's arrival, and Paul used Ephesus as a base of operations for his work to the west.

Finally, we have Paul's letter to the churches in Rome. This is the only surviving Pauline letter that addresses a church he has never visited -- again, we see an influential church that Paul had no role in founding. He hopes to visit Rome, build a relationship with the churches there, and rely upon their support for an ongoing mission to Spain (Romans 15:23-24).

So we have a pattern. From Damascus in southern Syria, to Antioch in northern Syria, to Ephesus in Asia (today, Turkey), to Rome and hopefully on to Spain, Paul extends his missionary work to embrace the entire northern Mediterranean rim. As he does so, he relies upon churches located in major cosmopolitan cities to support his mission. All of these churches existed prior to and independent of Paul's mission, yet they support him. This could not be the case were Paul inventing a dramatically new interpretation of Jesus.

Many people note that Paul rarely quotes Jesus or appeals to stories from Jesus' life. That is true. Apart from the traditions of Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection, Paul explicitly refers only to Jesus' teaching concerning divorce (1 Corinthians 7:10) and the Lord's Supper (1 Corinthians 11:23-26). But he also insists that his teaching is consistent with that of Peter and the other apostles (1 Corinthians 3:22; 15:3-11; Galatians 1:18).

And while Paul rarely mentions specific examples from Jesus' sayings and ministry, his core values strongly reflect the influence of Jesus' teaching. Jesus taught his followers to lead by serving; so did Paul. Jesus promoted love as the greatest virtue; so did Paul. Jesus announced the coming kingdom of God; Paul taught that the kingdom would fully manifest itself upon the risen Jesus' return (1 Corinthians 15:24). Jesus' ministry involved an outreach to "sinners," prostitutes, lepers and other outcast persons; Paul extended the good news to Gentiles.

None of this is to deny the different sense one receives when one compares the Jesus stories to Paul's letters. Obviously things have changed from Jesus' ministry among Jews in Galilee and Judea to Paul's mission to Gentiles around the Mediterranean. For Paul, Jesus' resurrection required a dramatic reinterpretation of many things, including the significance of Jesus' ministry. However, Paul did not invent that idea; instead, he shared it with many other believers who were founding churches and cultivating communities far beyond his own reach.

 
 
 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TheWM
aka The Wrong Monkey
03:34 PM on 12/02/2011
"It's not rare to encounter people who claim that Paul "invented" Christianity. The basic idea is that Jesus taught a pure and ethical form of Judaism that focused on God and gracious living, while Paul developed a religion that worshiped Jesus rather than God."

That's one popular idea. Another is that, because Paul's earliest Christian writings pre-date any other known Christian writings by one to two decades, and because so much of the Gospels consists of the fabulous, historical errors and chronological impossibilities, it might not be wholly unreasonable to ask whether Jesus might never have been a real man, but originated as a fictional character created by, oh, say, Paul.

Of course, such an idea would mean that Paul's pre-Christian career of persecuting Christians never happened, but with so much in early Christianity already known to be fictional, why should this one more fictional detail bring down a theory of what really happened?

I know that although popular, the idea that Jesus might never have existed is extremely UNpopular among theologians and Biblical scholars -- at least, when they're writing for publication and speaking publicly. How about you, Perfessor? Are you prepared to greet such an idea with more than the usual sneer and peremptory dismissal?
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ladycrisperfst
If I be lost, even so, come Lord Jesus.
06:31 PM on 12/01/2011
Acts 11:26 King James Verson
And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christian first in Antioch.
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farmilyman
everything is illusion
02:01 AM on 10/31/2011
The religion was a cut and paste job from much older religions. There wasn't anything orginal except the way it was spread by the tip of a sword.
07:20 PM on 11/02/2011
Are you bothered at all by the fact that everything you just said is provably false by historical research, or are you just interested in spreading your opinion whatever the facts may be?
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Abdul-Halim Vazquez
03:34 PM on 10/30/2011
In Matt. 10, Jesus tells his disciples:
5] These twelve Jesus sent out, charging them, "Go nowhere among the Gentiles, and enter no town of the Samaritans,
[6] but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.
[7] And preach as you go, saying, `The kingdom of heaven is at hand.'

The original message was very much a Jewish movement. The followers of James, the brother of Jesus, continued this emphasis. The original faithful group stayed small and probably didn't come out of the catacombs or maybe they all got eaten by lions. Paul's movement outgrew the other, especially since he preached to Gentiles and didn't require a dietary code (or circumcision in a pre-novacaine world).
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Abdul-Halim Vazquez
03:24 PM on 10/30/2011
Of course Paul founded Christianity. Paul is the author of more Biblical books than anyone else. (Even if we lump together the red-letters as coming from Christ). Paul never met Jesus in the flesh. He didn't even spend that much time with the original disciples. A large chunk of Christianity is based on Paul's teaching which are based on Paul's visionary experiences, not the historical Jesus.
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Curtis Echols
PawPaw
04:03 AM on 11/11/2011
And the teachings of Paul is what the world follows today,not Jesus.
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Abdul-Halim Vazquez
09:04 AM on 11/11/2011
Yes, exactly.
11:46 PM on 10/29/2011
First...Thank God for Paul.
God use Jesus as much as He could.
But it was time for Jesus to complete His purpose for coming to earth.
So God had to use other humans to finish the task.
Paul even said he was finishing the works of Jesus.

Jesus could not stay here forever or there would not have been any redemption for this lost humanity.
So Christ came and did the Work H was called to do.
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Curtis Echols
PawPaw
06:34 AM on 10/30/2011
Paul was an imposter,all the churches in Revalation who were rebuked,Paul founded. He came as the serpent in the garden,speaking lies mixed with truths.The same as the doctrine of Balem,Just place a stumbling block before them, and let them think they are still o.k. And the world is still falling over it."They were first called Christians at Antioc." A Paulian church. The stumbling block is still called Christian. That's who's doctrine they teach and don't know it. All of the many contradictions I have found in the bible have Paul as the common denominater.Jesus said,"it is finished" he didn't need Paul to explain it.Every time God did anything,Satan came up with a copy,where was his answer to Jesus and the cross?Paul.The stumbling block.James,the first paster of the apostles,called him to Jeruselem and told him on 2 occasions not to teach in their name,and told him what he needed to be telling the Gentiles,Acts. Further,I don't know what seminar the dummie who wrote the post came from,but the bible plainly states Paul was brought to Rome to answer for his doctrine,and was upheld by the Church and state of Rome,and that everyone was afraid to oppose Paul again.He founded the Roman Catholic Church there,and when the heat came again,he said he was going to be martered there.Sound familiar? He realy just changed his name and went into the Roman witness protection program and disapeared.
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DianaLynn1967
It's a great life if you don't weaken!
01:36 PM on 11/10/2011
Sources?
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Neil20
11:27 AM on 11/19/2011
Paul founded the Roman Catholic Church? Now this is something I've never heard. I thought that the Catholic Church was founded 200 years later after Christ's death by a Bishop of Rome who was made into a Pope. Check your history friend.
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Binea
Only a fool denies she is a fool, I am no fool
02:12 PM on 10/29/2011
well..Paul did say he was the apostle to the gentiles,but MUCH more.

there were not 12 sons but " 13" sons of Jacob..AND there were not 12 but 13 Deciples of Jesus..Paul came along AFTER Jesus was crucified. ( Makes sense now ,right ? )

Benjamin was the youngest,born AFTER Joseph..much like the gentiles Born or chosen After the Jews ?

Paul was from the tribe of Benjamin as he explains here...

Phil 3:2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision.
Phil 3:3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.
Phil 3:4 Though I might also have confidence in the flesh. If any other man thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the flesh, I more:
Phil 3:5 Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee;
Phil 3:6 Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
Phil 3:7 But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.
09:08 AM on 10/31/2011
Who was the 13th son of Jacob?
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Binea
Only a fool denies she is a fool, I am no fool
12:55 PM on 10/31/2011
Benjamin, is the 13 th son of Jacob...

but,I looked around more,and it is not clear that he is the 13th son.
I am looking for the verses that talk about how many sons Jacob had at the time of Josephs birth ( that would make it very clear). Because..they may be hiding the 13th in here.. (they said 12 sons because they at the time, thought Joseph was dead.)

Gen 42:32 We be twelve brethren, sons of our father; one is not, and the youngest is this day with our father in the land of Canaan.

here is another mention of 12 sons

Gen 35:22 And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine: and Israel heard it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve:

but this dream of Joseph,I think lends evidence of there being 12 sons of Jacob BEFORE Bejamin was Born

"Gen 37:9 And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me."

( 11 stars ) he would be the 12th that they were making Obeisance..correct ?
My husbands say's if you do a study of the tribes and count them,list them out ,there are actually 13

prt 1
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Binea
Only a fool denies she is a fool, I am no fool
01:16 PM on 10/31/2011
also..maybe this chapter will help

Rom 11:22 Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.
Rom 11:23 And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be grafted in: for God is able to graft them in again.
Rom 11:24 For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?
Rom 11:25 For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.
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iLdoRight
Encouraging The Rightest Rightness
08:54 PM on 10/28/2011
And Peter is not the "Rock" on which the "true" Christian church was built. 2 Peter 2:4-6, Isaiah 28:16
03:25 PM on 10/28/2011
Why do people get on Paul?

Jesus had 33 and a half years to correct a 6000 yr. mess. God has to use other humans like Paul to give a revelation of who He(God) is. So we today will see who he really is.

Like it says in John 17:20.... "...we will know(believe) about Christ because of these guys...."

Oh yea, John 17 is the real Prayer of Jesus. Not the role model in Matt. 6.

Thank you.....peace and LOVE
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Nabil Muhammad
02:57 AM on 10/29/2011
yet during his 33 years he never once mentioned Paul. wasn't Jesus God all knowing? couldn't he have known about Paul? and why is John "the real prayer of Jesus"?
06:54 AM on 10/29/2011
Ah..... are you for real or you just being human?
Ah ...... the questions are so jr. high.

I did not say that to be funny. Just need to know do you want a real answer?
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Binea
Only a fool denies she is a fool, I am no fool
02:19 PM on 10/29/2011
as I was saying above..Paul was of the tribe of Benjamin..there were 13..not just 12 sons of Jacob.
and there were 13 not 12 diciples of Jesus//Paul is the 13th
alsp..he mentions being circumcized on the "8th" day ( I guess that is a pic pointing to being born again..a cutting away of the old man so the new man is born again)
God rested on the 7th day..many assume that was the end of it..
I am assuming he continued creation on the 8th day..Jesus is the completion " It is finished"
all those who are born again grow into sons of God fully matured..like Jesus
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DianaLynn1967
It's a great life if you don't weaken!
01:55 PM on 11/10/2011
Binea, I think you're wrong. Here's why:

Benjamin was not the 13th son. He was the 12th son.
Leah's sons were: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun.
Rachel's sons were: Joseph and Benjamin
Bilhah's sons were: Dan and Naphtali
Zilpah's sons were: Gad and Asher

There were, technically, 13 tribes. But this is because Jacob adopted Joseph's sons as his own. So the tribes had the names of Joseph's sons--Manasseh and Ephraim.

The tribe of Levi ended up scattered throughout Israel as they were designated the priestly tribe.

As for Paul being circumcised on the 8th day--that was standard for Jewish boys (and I believe still is.) Jesus was also circumcised on the 8th day (Luke 2:21.)
10:45 AM on 11/11/2011
DianaLynn is correct about the tribal renderings.

The 12 tribes of Israel make a very interesting study, as there are various rendering throughout the OT. The key is Joseph had 2 sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. In some renderings the 12 tribes include the Levites and Joseph. Other times Levites are left out and you may see Ephraim and Manasseh. But there was always a mechanism present for 12 tribes, the tribe of Joseph could be on tribe inclusive of his sons, or (since Jacob adopted them) they could be considered tribes in their own right. But always 12.

And Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you, that you who have followed Me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on His glorious throne, you also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. (Matthew 19:28)

(Paul) the promise to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they earnestly serve God night and day. And for this hope, O King, I am being accused by Jews. (Acts 26:7)

James, a bond-servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, To the twelve tribes who are dispersed abroad: Greetings. (James 1:1)

It had a great and high wall, with twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names were written on them, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel. (Rev 21:12)
03:17 PM on 10/28/2011
Net in this series: "Poseiden did not invent Zeus"
02:48 PM on 10/28/2011
So after George Gershwin comes the other story;
"Good Morning Heartache." - Chris Botti
This does not have to be. But if you are not in a GOOD church. You will be singing BB King.
Hello Somebody.............blues all the time.
02:38 PM on 10/28/2011
George Gershwin composed a piece called "Someone To Watch Over Me." I love it played by Chris Botti.
Humans have that someone. But if they are not shown by the very person who is suppose to show them ..... they are just a nice(or bad) group ..... of going no where fast humans.
Now do these humans have that "someone?" Absolutely!!!!!!.
Problem; The average person will not take time to discover "that someone." And the instituted clergy know this. So the instituted clergy takes advantage of this "lack of knowledge."
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Greg Sureck
12:45 PM on 10/28/2011
Thanks Greg.
Other points to consider. How many of the Epistles attributed to Paul were really written by him. How much "editing" was done to his writings by sincere bvelievers. (how many interpretations of Paul are available today)? For some folks the study of Paul can give ammunition for their particular battle, but that's true of all scripture. In this day of media, any one who wishes to write an explanation of Jesus Christ is certainly free to do so and many have,
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mrld20
12:18 PM on 10/28/2011
As a Quaker and Red Letter Christian who follows Leo Tolstoy's the Kingdom of Heaven is Within You... I think Paul spoiled Jesus' radical message of love, pacifism, equality, nonviolence, and social justice... There I said it...
01:07 PM on 10/28/2011
How did he spoil it? Every one of those things was taught by Paul. The problem is when we think those items were the totality or even the main thrust of Jesus' teaching. Also, we often define some of those items, especially "equality," in a manner different that what Jesus and Paul meant.
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mrld20
02:24 PM on 10/28/2011
Paul's message is so negative compared to Jesus... Jesus stood up to the man (the pharisees), his teaches were revolutionary and counter cultural. Jesus' message was literally 2,000 years ahead of his time...

Then Paul soiled it... Look at the passage about women in second Timothy...
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Abdul-Halim Vazquez
03:08 PM on 10/30/2011
Where does Paul teach pacifism?
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chaotician1
07:51 AM on 10/28/2011
The so-called gospels are obvious copies of each other or more likely a copy of some common gossip of the expatriate Jews in Greece/Turkey with shared mistranslations of the Hebrew Torah! As for the Pauline "letters", they are riddled with ridiculous events and tales even after centuries of edits and translation improvements! It is doubtful that the Man Jesus even existed, and the elevation of the barbaric torture and murder of a God man as some supreme example a divine love is just plain insane! Perhaps if the "Church" founders had been less zealous in burning books, libraries, and men; some historical records beyond the self-serving writers of Christian lore would exist!
01:04 PM on 10/28/2011
Obvious copies? That's a reasonable theory to posit...have you ever considered their similarities exist because their writers were presenting their information from the same historical events?

Misinterpretations of the Hebrew Torah? If you're referring to the fact that the Gospel-writers preferred the Septuagint to the Masoretic Text, implying this was somehow disingenuous to the message of the Old Testament, that's just bogus. If you're referring to how they interpreted and applied the OT text to Jesus' life in general, that's still bogus as a Biblical theology of Christ can be adequately constructed from many points in Old Testament, especially in the Torah.

Is it insane to see the death of Christ on the cross as the supreme act of love? Not if you have a correct view of God's justice and holiness as well as man's sinfulness. Along with this is the profundity of God identifying with human suffering by actually experiencing it...profundity which you would probably snub off as theo-philosophical-therapeutical bull. Then again maybe not...

Are the "self-serving writers of Christian lore" the only historical records we have? Then what "limited" resources we have to understand church history. Do you really think we're limited or somehow missing the "real history" of Christianity? You seem to imply that. The major assertions of theology you probably have in mind, especially matters that emerge from Paul's letters, can be accurately traced in church history and shown to be in harmony with the Gospels.
Syllogizer
Barely Left of Pobedonostsev
09:24 PM on 10/29/2011
"Obvious copies"? No, that is not "a reasonable theory to posit". Much more reasonable is the theory so popular in the 80s that the underlying substratum for the Synoptics is the now lost 'Q'. But John is NOT a copy of any of the others. Not even close. And there is material in Luke that is not in any of the others, either.