Cracking The Autism Riddle: Common Sense About Vaccines And Autism
All sorts of arguments are thrown around to persuade parents that shots threaten their children with autism. I'd like to discuss 4 of the commonly repeated concerns, 3 flawed...and 1 that I think has merit.
1) Too many shots can overwhelm a child and cause autism. No!
Babies get more vaccines today than 30 years ago, but if you think that means more things are injected into their young bodies...you'd be wrong! That's because immunizations today are much more purified than those of the past.
For example, in 1980, the DPT shot (Diphtheria/Pertussis/Tetanus) was made from a soup of blendarized bacteria (over 1000 different illness particles - antigens - all mixed together). And, the polio vaccine had live virus that actually protected children by triggering a minute case of...polio! Today, our modern DPT vaccine is highly purified, containing only 3-5 bacterial antigens and the polio shot has absolutely no live virus.
Actually, the current trend to give kids more shots is a win-win for them. They win because they're protected from many more illnesses and because they have fewer antigens put into their bodies.
But, some still worry, "Can too many shots overwhelm a baby's immature immune system?" That idea is pretty close to a baby urban legend.
The immune system is a superb multitasking, fighting machine. Every day, babies are bombarded by thousands of threats: irritating pollen; colonic microbes; bacterial invaders from the skin, eyes, nose, mouth; viral swarms; offending dietary proteins; damaged cells; even tiny, little cancers. The immune system's magnificent ability to protect against many, mild attacks at one time is exactly why most babies tolerate several shots at once with no reaction whatsoever. (In fact, a new theory suggests that allergies and asthma may be on the rise in part because we have made the world so clean it doesn't exercise a baby's immune system enough!)
2) Shots hurt the brains of extra-sensitive children. No!
Each of us has special sensitivities. Some have peanut allergies...some get lots of strep throat....and a very, very few get serious reactions to vaccines. I wish we had a test to detect which infants are susceptible to severe measles or big vaccine reactions, but no such test exists.
The good news, however, is that shot risks are tiny compared to the risks of full-blown illness. For example, influenza and chicken pox hammer the immune system 100-1000 times harder than the impact of the flu or pox vaccines. While most kids breeze through the chicken pox shot, even a mild case of real pox can weaken a child's immunity for weeks to months and lead to ear infections, pneumonia and, rarely, toxic shock syndrome. (And, it can often land an adult in the hospital!)
There is one special case of possible vaccine susceptibility that made headlines last year and became a major new focus for those who claim vaccines cause autism. A 19-month-old child developed autism after getting 5 shots. But - and this is a huge "but" - unlike most autistic kids, this one child also has a rare medical problem - Mitochondrial Disease (MD).
Recently, vaccine avoiders have floated the theory that perhaps many healthy looking kids have hidden MD. They suggest that it may be the combination of vaccines plus hidden MD that is triggering autism in so many seemingly normal children.
But, the research suggests that this is unlikely to affect more than a handful of kids. Here's why:
MD is rare (1 in 5-10,000 children). A Portuguese study found ~93% of autistic children had no evidence of MD (and even that 7% figure has yet to be confirmed). In a recent study, scientists from Harvard and Johns Hopkins could find only 25 children with both MD and autism. And, these kids had serious problems rarely seen in most cases of autism (like, delayed walking, acid reflux, liver disorder, severe fatigue, etc).
Fourteen of these kids seemed to be developing normally then suddenly deteriorated into autism during toddlerhood. But only 1/14 (7%) got worse right after shots. (Had 2 or 3 or 5 kids gotten worse after the shots, one could make the argument that children with MD are at increased risk for getting autism after vaccinations. However, as I mentioned in part 1 of this blog, 7% is very close to the number of cases one would expect to be diagnosed right after shots...just by chance.)
Another dramatic finding of this study argues against a link between MD and the national rise in autism incidence: classic autism spectrum disorder affects many more boys than girls (3-9 times more boys!)...but children with Mitochondrial Disease + autism are evenly split between the genders.
While it remains to be proven that children with MD are more vulnerable to shots, there is no doubt that they are super-vulnerable to illness. In other words, MD kids who skip shots can get very sick, very fast it they catch a vaccine preventable disease like influenza or pneumonia.
3) Doctors push risky shots on children to make more money. Please!
This accusation is as appalling as it is ridiculous. Pediatricians labor through 23 years of education; wake at all hours to help worried parents; and desert our own families on weekends and holidays to rush to the hospital to care for sick babies.
In fact, a greedy doctor wanting more money would actually discourage parents from giving their children shots...not encourage it! Why? Because doctors make more money caring for sick kids - needing repeat office visits - than caring for the well.
In truth, the only reason doctors cajole, beg and pressure parents to immunize their children is because we want to protect them - and other children - from the pain and suffering of preventable infections.
I agree that there are too many ties between doctors and big pharmaceutical companies. This must be stopped because it creates the appearance of conflict of interest and the real potential of collusion. However, the record of organized medicine is reassuring. Over the past 30 years, doctors have rejected many vaccines when concerns arose that they were not effective enough or caused unacceptable side effects.
4) Shots can be delayed. MAYBE...but only those risking your child's health.
This is one of the most critical issues facing parents: Are shots a personal choice or a civic duty?
As a pediatrician, I recommend all vaccines, but I suggest parents think of shots as falling into 2 different groups: 1) those given primarily to protect your child, 2) those protecting your child and your neighbors' children.
The first group of shots stops infections like, influenza, rotavirus, hepatitis A, chicken pox and hepatitis B. They help your child but don't give great protection to the community. That is either because the illnesses are very common (spread quickly through your neighborhood even if your child gets the shot) or hard to spread (difficult for your child to give it to others). (Note: Older kids, teens and adults are at risk for hepatitis B. It has caused thousands of cases of liver failure and cancer and so all citizens should eventually get this vaccine.)
The second group of shots stops infections that threaten your child and your community (your neighbor's baby, the elderly, chronic disease sufferers, etc.). These shots include, whooping cough, meningitis (Hib), pneumococcus (Prevnar) and measles. They miraculously halt diseases that are so contagious just one cough, one airplane flight or one germy doorknob can spread them like wildfire through your town.
I believe giving the first group of shots is a parent's personal choice because the suffering you risk is mostly limited to your child and family. Skipping the flu shot, for example, may cause your child to be one of the 36,000 Americans who die from influenza this year, but it probably won't stop a flu outbreak (although it may help to reduce it).
However, giving the second group of shots is an important civic responsibility., because delaying them creates a serious public health risk. By immunizing at least 95% of children with these shots we create "herd immunity" that can totally halt the spread of deadly epidemics in our communities. Herd immunity stymies the spread of disease the way that frequent rain keeps lightening strikes from starting raging forest fires.
Some doctors may fairly argue which vaccines should go into which groups, but the important point is that the shot schedule has some flexibility...it is not written in stone. In fact doctors have repeatedly tweaked this schedule to make it safer and more effective (for example, over the past 30 years, the measles vaccine was pushed from 9 months to 12 months...and now is recommended to be given as late as 15 months of age). However, the second group of vaccines is crucial if we are to protect children in our communities who are too young to get their own shots. Parents who skip these shots may not mean to harm others, but their action significantly increases the risk of avoidable suffering and death to innocent children.
For over 10 years, a huge amount of passion and debate about the cause of autism has focused on vaccines. But recently a totally new suspect has surfaced that warrants investigation as a potential autism trigger. In the last installment of this 3-part blog, I'll discuss the worrisome compounds known as...endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
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Data linking autism to vaccines:
Dr. Bernadine Healy
Dr. A. Zimmerman Autism: Current Theories and Evidence.
Banks v US
Poling v US
No studies of vax v unvax.
Generation Rescue phone survey of vax v unvax- sure the organization has a bias, it doesn't mean the phone study should be ignored.
No large scale population based study of ASD kids.
IOM report on vax 2004 autism: thimerosal link "biologically plausible.
Dr. Karp- you are uninformed. You perpetuate the refrigerator mom school of nonsense that passes for guidance from AAP.
AAP offers nothing to ASD families. AAP has effectively blocked systematic evidence based science/studies of ASD kids. Where is the science?
Medical establisment now establishing mosaic to issue mea culpa indicationg "some" ASD linked to environmental insult including in some cases vaccines.
Great article. Let's hope some benighted parents will read it. The "spectrum" of autism just keeps getting wider and wider and the self-reported, self-diagnosed cases are really muddying the picture.
Maybe Dr. Karp can tell us how kids still manage to get pertussis (wooping cough) even after having been vaccinated? It fact, there is zero evidence that vaccinations caused a drop in major diseases. Most major diseases were in sharp decline BEFORE all major vaccines were introduced**.
** http://www
http://our
http://www
http://www
Listen to what a real physical has to say about vaccines:
http://www
Autism and Vitamin D deficiency
http://sci
Wow -- this post gives a whole new meaning to "you are entitled to your own opinion but not to your own facts." Vaccines don't prevent against infectious disease? Please.
yeesh. Back briefly...
Check out this guy's links- unbelievable! And he thinks we're going to take him seriously! It's a bunch of unreferenced graphs that look like they were made by a 10 year old using Microsoft Paint.
But here's the most important thing, the graphs (not that I buy their statistics, as they are unreferenced) ONLY track DEATH RATES, not OCCURANCES of disease, and certainly not people permanently impaired by said diseases.
Of course death rates decreased BEFORE vaccines, because improvements in sanitation and nutrition make one much more likely to survive any sort of disease.
And as for "why do people with vaccines get whooping cough" because NO MEDICAL PROCEDURE IN EXISTENCE is 100% effective for 100% of people. There will always be people who reject vaccines, usually due to a genetic predisposition.
If your spleen ruptures, having it removed isn't 100% effective in saving your life. If you have a severe allergic reaction and use your EpiPen, there is not a 100% chance it will prevent anaphelactic shock. That doesn't mean splenectomies and EpiPens are fraudulent unnecessary medical procedures.
It's ridiculous that you should have to post this at all. Some people can't see past their own noses.
I still question the validity of giving Hep B vaccine immediately after birth, especially if the baby is premature. When did this practice begin? What is the risk to the baby of contracting Hep B if the mother doesn't carry it? What is the danger of contracting Hep B in a hospital? (I believe that I contracted Hep A during a hospital stay where a D&C was performed, but Hep A is spread differently that Hep B, isn't it?) Years ago, I occasionally prepared infectious disease reports at the hospital where I worked. Scary stuff, that. Now it's worse. Hospitals need to clean up their act. I have one theory on the spread of infection in hospitals; has anyone noticed that nurses wear a lot of jewelry? This used to be a no-no, I believe doctors and nurses were once limited to a wedding band when on duty. This, I think, should be reinstated. Also, hospitals need to enforce their own visitation rules.
We also need to consider habits of doctors and nurses when talking about hospital based infections. There is considerable evidence that "maximizing" the number of patients that healthcare professionals see, increases the liklihood of proper sterililzation not occuring. The for-profit healthcare model is a pressure on this behavior and another reason we need real reform.
On 3: It's not the doctors, but the businesses that make the vaccines who "push risky shots on children to make more money."
What is the medically necessity for vaccinating a newborn against a disease that can only be aquired through iv drug use, or unprotected sex? Is the reason that this vaccination is scheduled for the first 24 hours of life, simply because, if you live in a city with a high rate of adult exposure to a disease, and a high rate of uninsured citizens, this may be the best chance the government has to vaccinate this child? Isn't the real reason that the vaccine schedule is front-loaded for the first year of life because more people bring their children to the doctor's office for well check-ups during the first year, than the remaining years of childhood?
Vaccines do save lives, however, there is no reason to vaccinate an infant with 5 different things, in one office visit. Autism aside, any kind of reaction whatsoever that that child had, could never be adequately traced to the causal vax. I think we need to separate out the emotional heat from this argument. I think parents can admit the necessity of vaccines, and doctors can admit that there is room for individuality in the schedule. I also think we need to separate out the vaccines that protect a community (i.e. polio, pertussis, etc) and those that are more about lessening symptoms, and thus time away from work and/or school (i.e. flu & chicken pox).
The reason for vaccinating against HepB at birth has been explained on this thread and others here in the last several months. You are incorrect about how HepB can be transmitted. That may be the most common way for it to be transmitted but it is not the only. Please look at the CDC's page on HepB.
Alright, it's off to work with me, where I will continue my adventures in the evilness that is modern medicine. Though since I work for a non profit- I am not even in it for money! I am just pure evil and love lying about infectious diseases and vaccinations and participate in vaccination programs just because I love giving kids autism!
And I am dead serious about my invitation below in which I am not even asking, I am BEGGING anyone who doubts the seriousness of infectious disease and the advantages of vaccines to come with me on my next trip abroad. Who here is willing to have their ideology tested with real world, first hand experiences of an unvaccianted population riddled with infectious disease?
Thanks for the invite but I have seen enough pain and suffering for a lifetime. Just last night I went to bed still smelling the death left in the helicopter I used to crew (almost 40 years later),
Love your moniker.
I know you're a good person & mean well in all you do.
But from what I've learned I have to tell you I cringe when hearing of those poor babies in other countries geting jabbed with who know what.
Yes, I believe many have good intentions but man playing against Mother nature in certain ways as he has been, has not been a good thing at times.
Yes, clean their water & food. Shelter them & do all else humanly possible but be carful & know what you're actually injecting into those already fragile little bodies.
Be sure. I hope I'm wrong with what I'm coming to believe. Keep track of those little ones up the road & see what their outcomes are.
I hope you have a safe trip & help many.
Moffmars, you forgot to warn him to be careful of the spaceships, boogeyman and all the rest. Man playing against mother nature? HUH?? Are you suggesting humans are better off not even attempting to advance? to just 'go with the flow of nature'?? Best you be moving into the wilds then. Give up electricity, life in a cave and live off leaves. Good grief.
Mercuric chloride in methamphetamine making and the environmental effects (homes, apartments, hotels, motels, trailers) makes vaccines look like nothing.
Trace this link folks and you will find the bigger cause of mercury induced autism than vaccines ever will be.
It is far more common and evil than vaccines ever will be.
Look at meth making. Yes that is what I said: meth making.
Methamphetamine reciepes that contain, wait for it:
Mercuric Chloride
http://en.
From wikipedia: "Mercury(II) chloride or mercuric chloride (formerly corrosive sublimate), is the chemical compound with the formula HgCl2. This white crystalline solid is a laboratory reagent. It was formerly used more widely, however it is one of the most toxic forms of mercury because it is more soluble than most other forms in water.
Mercuric chloride is highly toxic, not only acutely but as a cumulative poison."
For a list of chemicals used in meth making - including mercuric chloride- see here:
http://www
Here is another site that contains info about how prevailant this problem is:
http://met
. I have a 9 year old son who is autistic.
He (my first) was conceived and lived for his first 5 months in a home that was a former meth house. This same home (a rental ) was completetly repainted and recarpeted by the owner but nothing was done to the landscape or outside of the home. This was house in which my (now ex-) wife cleaned the vinyl floors when we moved in and the water was a reddish brown versus a grey dirt looking color (red dye is a component of meth). Where we had to air out the home for two weeks when we moved in because of the smell- we thought it was from pot smoking. A house where inside door jambs had been repaired from police kicking down the doors and the front and rear steel exterior doors had depressions from police battering ram entry tools. The landlord said that the prior people "were not nice" but never told us that it was a meth bust house.
Yes, meth making is putting more mercury into the environment than vaccines ever will put into people...
The thousands of parents, or hundreds of thousands, who have noted on their own that the onset of autism in their children coincided with vaccinations need a better answer than "No, that isn't the problem."
Maybe it's not the mercury. Maybe it's not thimerosol. Maybe it's not the combination of multiple vaccinations. But have we exhausted the possibilities? Is the research unassailable, or is it corporate backfilling?
I believe strongly in research, and trusting science over your gut--as a rule. But as an educator, I've seen a ton of research that looked rock solid but turned out to be skewed. (It's the variable you didn't consider that sinks your research..
Until we can conclusively show people which environmental triggers interact with which genetic predispositions, we'll have folks questioning the received wisdom.
Well said.
Agreed
100%
Hundreds of thousands?
I don't know how many. That's why I wrote it as a possible range.
Excellent post!!! Thank you very much.
Hundreds of thousands of parents blaming vaccines? I highly doubt that since the current number of children in the US with autism is around 300,000. The total population with ASDs is about 1.5 million. This exaggeration is unnecessary and does not help. Nor does the VAERS data back up the contention that hundreds of thousands or even thousands are linking vaccines to autism. It may be far more likely that the numbers of parents who actually blame vaccines are a small minority out the hundreds of thousands.
I believe you're letting availability heuristic get in the way of making an accurate assessment.
I think you're intentionally missing the point. The number is not key.
Read past the first line.
(For that matter, you're underestimating the number of autism cases.)
http://www
Dr. Karp:
You state in one of your comments (to Alison Chapman): "Autism does affect different body systems, it may even cause children to have more mitochondrial problems..
Can you explain this comment. What is the biochemical mechanism, medical basis or other evidence to support your statement that autism may cause children to have more mitochondrial problems?
What is it about "autism" in your understanding that allows you to attribute to it a capability of "causing" a biological condition?
Robert J. Krakow
I have followed this since yesterday, too intensely. I have allowed myself to fall down threads of engagement where I ended saying things I regret. Please allow me to clarify now that as the father of an autistic boy vaccinated normally and a neuro-typical son vaccinated starting after 2.5 years, then on a "no more than one vaccination every three months" regiment and from single dose vials I believe strongly that, first and foremost, modern vaccines save the lives and health of millions of children and are CRITICAL to our society. I do not in any way endorse forgoing vaccinations for our children. I do endorse examining the vaccine protocol to allow for maximizing the natural health development of our children while never adding significant risk of known disease. I feel Dr. Karp made an attempt to allow for this perspective but, unfortunately, removed all the value of his support with the line "Skipping the flu shot, for example, may cause your child to be one of the 36,000 Americans who die from influenza this year, but it probably won't stop a flu outbreak (although it may help to reduce it)." It is pointless and juvenile to berate each other whether for believing vaccines may have had a causal effect in your child's Autism or for believing that people avoiding vaccines are putting your children at greater risk by being unwilling to support herd immunity at what you consider to be the risk of your child.
Your clarification on your position is much appreciated and respected. However, it is not juvenile to point out that people who refuse vaccinations for their children and themselves and then partake of society's public services are hurting public health and putting others at unnecessary risk. There are people who cannot get vaccinated because of allergies. These parents who do not vaccinate out of misguided fear put these people who cannot be vaccinated and who have been protected by herd immunity at unacceptable risk. That's the bottom line. They are putting others at risk. Period, whether it is out of fear, ignorance or what they term informed decision making (having spent way to much time at the woo sites like whale.to etc.), they are selfishly and foolishly putting themselves, their children, and the people around them at risk.
The really sad thing is many parents with a sick child are so desperate to find answers fall prey to charlatans and huskers whose only purpose is to make a buck by any means.
And I fell into my own objectionable behavior with the word "juvenile". As long as we use vituperative language to describe each other we are only entertaining ourselves, light with no heat. If, for instance, TheBlackCat actually cared about changing anyone's mind he/she would spend less time ridiculing those he disagrees with, more time speaking to them rather than at them.
Lots of value-laden words in here: "misguided fear"... "unacceptable risk" .. "selfishly and foolishly ". Why should anybody respect your values, if you don't respect theirs? The decision to vaccinate is personal, value-laden, and based on the individual beliefs.
I'm interested to know how far you are willing to go to make the world safer for the allergically unvaccinable. Make vaccine decliners go live on a reservation somewhere? Force everybody to take vaccines at gunpoint?
Just curious: there are kids out there who have potentially fatal reactions to bee stings. Do you think beekeeping should be illegal?
See Harvey Karp's Profile
Dear DRPike,
Thank you so much for sharing your personal experiences. I am sorry for offending you with my comments about influenza. My goal in this article - as it was in my practice - was to allow parents to make the most informed decision possible. That includes specifically know what the risk is of getting or not getting each individual vaccine...
I am sorry that you feel I was berating someone. I have tried carefully to support an elevated debate on these issues and to show that the common cases we hear about where a child develops regressive autism after getting shots happen by chance 600-1000 times/year in the US...so that although it is easy to assume shots cause autism, the evidence to this time is that they do not.
Meanwhile, we need to continue investing our time and limited resources into more research to discover the likely causes and treatments for this often devastating problem.
I did not feel you were "berating" anyone, sorry, that was meant for other posts. I simply feel you did not help your cause by suggesting the validity of a perspective then citing only one example couched in verbiage making it sound ridiculous base on the risk.
Give me a break! WHere is the objectivity in this article? And where does this guy get "purified" vaccine information from? Most of the ingriedients used in these vaccines are disgusting and if you knew you would not only not use them but you would break someones fingers if they came within a foot of your child with the needle. How can anyone make an informed opinion after reading an article riddled with PR from pharmaceutical companies and personal conjecture?
If one guy says that 2+2=4 and another says it equals 5, writing about the "controversy" isn't objectivity.
Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. Just not their own facts.
I have an autistic teenager so I'm very sympathetic to those parents who either choose not to vaccinate or to use a modified schedule. I guess my question is why do we vaccinate for childhood diseases that were once thought to be a normal part of growing up, e.g. chicken pox, mumps, etc. I had both and survived. Yes, I understand that if left untreated these conditions can have disastrous outcomes. But how likely is that? And these are treatable conditions. Autism is not and effects the child for the entire course of his or her lifetime. If you look at the risk of autism (1 in 150) vs. the risk of complications from measles (1 in 1,000) than doesn't that tell you that autism is the worst case scenario? I think we should go back to vaccinating for polio and stop administering the rest. Any parent of an autistic child would tell you they would rather their child have a bad case of the measles than autism.
Yes, you survived.
I agree, as soon as anyone is able to produce a single scrap of real evidence that vaccines cause autism.
playsindirt 'Any parent of an autistic child would tell you they would rather their child have a bad case of the measles than autism.'
Excuse me? I will take the autism (yes my child has autism) over:
"Complications
Complications with measles are relatively common, ranging from relatively mild and less serious diarrhea, to pneumonia and encephalitis (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis), corneal ulceration leading to corneal scarring.[
and lets not forget death.
Info in quotes taken from http://en.
Why this overwhelming need for some folks to think they speak for everyone. Three kids on the spectrum, and I would not no way take the potential complications of these diseases, several of which I had as a child, over autism. And your hypothesis about potential risk only works if vaccines caused autism and at that ALL cases of autism. Since they don't, your risk assessment is invalid.
My nephew is autistic and never had vaccines before he was diagnosed so where did he get it?
Autism IS a genetic neurological disorder. Those (at least most) who question the relation of vaccines to ASD are concerned that some/all/the cumulative effect of vaccines may be exacerbating the condition of the predisposed.
Where is your evidence for this??? Most of the Doctors that I know of that are actually looking at these kids are in the genetic AND environmental camp. There is no evidence that I know of that shows that this is a purely genetic disorder. Which also explains why so many children don't have a history of it in their families.
I think mofmars and dugmaze are doing an excellent job of showing exaclty why this movement is becoming dangerous.
It is one thing for people to question the safety of vaccines.
But these two, and I have seen this before on similar threads, are actually claiming that people do not die of infectious disease.
When people post them statistics saying the death toll from these diseases, they say those statistics are a lie. Mofmars states that because he doesn't know anyone who has ever died of infectious disease, than he doubts that it actually happens.
For this to be true, it is necessary for every governement, every health organization, in existance, in the world, to have colluded with pharmaceutical companies in order to claim that people died of diseases when they actually did not. Especially impressive considering that many of these statistics are from a time before pharmaceutical companies EVEN EXISTED.
This is the equivilant of Holocaust denial. They are simply trying to rewrite history and claim that millions upon millions of people who have died of infectious disease...
I repeat my invitation to these posters to come with me the next time I go on a volunteer mission to a third world hospital or orphanage. There you can see children dying of such diseases first hand- though I'm sure they will even then just claim that we injected these poor children with some man made super virus just to prove measles exists and is dangerous.
It's pretty sad don't you think.
For anyone interested, my next mission will be in either the month of August or October through the Universidad de Yucatan for the orphanage Amor Y Vida in Merida, Mexico. We will be working with kids both at the orphanage and in the Hospital Regional del ISSSTE and the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad.
It is a 6-8 week program. You would have to pay for your own food and accomodations, though some people do live at the orphanage. You don't have to be a medical professional. There are volunteers, usually college students (which is how I started on the program) who do nothing but spend time with the kids and help take care of them.
http://www
Also, for those who believe vaccines are evil, I sure hope you aren't typing on a Microsoft computer! The Bill & Melinda Gates foundation is currently running one of, if not THE largest vaccination program in the world. They are paying for our trip- though we will be providing other health services, vaccines are a major part of it. This is a non profit organization, so I guess we're just evil and vaccinating kids to make them sick for fun, since there's no profit motive in this case!
My guess is that people are far less likely to be willing to give up their computer and computer software than they are to make their children forgo vacciantions.
Microsoft is a monopoly and was "punished" for this in court (but not really). Since when did anyone have another choice?
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