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Heidi Grant Halvorson, Ph.D.

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What Your Email Style Says About You

Posted: 09/08/11 05:09 PM ET

In the modern workplace, we don't actually talk to each other as much as we used to. Communication now often takes place via email, a change that has brought with it both convenience and its own unique set of challenges. One obvious problem is that conversation via email eliminates all the vocal and visual clues (e.g., volume, body language, facial expression) we normally use to convey subtleties of meaning that aren't captured by the words themselves.

Sarcasm, exaggeration, and emotional tone can be completely lost, and misunderstandings are common. You can easily end up coming across in a way you never intended, and getting yourself in hot water with the email's recipient. Most of us know this only too well.

What you probably don't know is that there are subtle aspects of your emailing style that routinely influence the way your messages are perceived, in ways you may not have intended. Learn to identify your own style, and you can use that knowledge to your advantage.

As readers of email, we've all become adept over time -- without even realizing it -- at searching for clues to what a sender means beyond the words he or she uses. New research has identified three cues people use to make (largely unconscious) judgments about the sender's motivation, mood, and status.

Cue #1: Errors

Mistakes in your writing -- either grammatical or typographical (e.g., misspelling) -- leave the reader with a very distinct impression: you don't care. Errors are taken as a clear sign of apathy, and even disrespect. Sloppy emails leave people believing you can't be bothered to do it right. They are the written equivalent of unabashedly yawning in someone's face.

Tip: Unless you are actually trying to seem lazy, disrespectful or detached, errors are something you should go out of your way to avoid.

Cue # 2: First vs. Third Person Perspective

Compare the following sentences:

We decided at the meeting to postpone the sales event.

It was decided at the meeting that the sales event would be postponed.

The content of the two messages is exactly the same -- only one is written in first person ("we") while the other is written in the more formal, less personal third person style. Research shows that people often make two assumptions about you when you opt for the latter style: that you are not an "equal," and that you are possibly a little ticked off.

Writing in the third person comes across as significantly more hostile than the friendlier, less formal first person. Third-person writing is also perceived to be more typical of a supervisor addressing a subordinate or vice versa -- its formality suggests that either the sender or reader is in a position of power relative to the other.

Tip: If you want to send a subtle reminder to a subordinate about your authority, or just seem like you have more authority than you actually do, try keeping the "I," "we," and "us" out of your email message. This is also a good idea if you yourself are the subordinate -- first person messages can seem less professional and respectful.

If, on the other hand, you are trying to put someone at ease (or assure them you are not angry), using "I" and "we" will probably do the trick.

Cue # 3: Exclamation Points!

Exclamation points in an email express much more than just your enthusiasm. Though you may not have intended it, they also tell the reader that you see them in a collegial, even chummy sort of way. Their informality and emotional emphasis suggests a relationship of friendship, rather than one of mere coworkers.

Tip: Using occasional exclamation points in emails may be a good strategy for making a difficult coworker more cooperative and generally well-disposed toward you. It's a subtle way of saying, "Hey, I think of us as friends."

To a supervisor, however, exclamation points may set a tone that seems overly familiar, and unprofessional. For your punctuation needs, stick to a simple period.

 
 
 

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01:32 AM on 09/13/2011
That's why we need an education.
01:06 PM on 09/12/2011
I couldn't agree more with this article. It is a huge pet peeve of mine when people seem to lose all grammatical knowledge as soon as they go to type an email. Even worse is when advertisers send out information (coupons, special offers, new product specs etc.) that contain errors. I've been reading a series of articles http://www.goldlasso.com/learning-center/white-papers centered around e marketing best practices, and after reading this article in particular, its interesting to make the connection between personal correspondence and sales based messages. The bottom line still stands, content is key.
07:52 AM on 09/09/2011
I teach online university courses and it's deeply offensive when students send emails to me (usually with some kind of urgent need) and "bark" out what they need, like "Why did I get that score on my test?" They routinely offer no greeting, no signature or leave-taking, and no other kind of pleasant or descriptive information. I frequently have no idea who they are (with email addresses like "baabaafreak@") or which of my courses they take! Not only is that frustrating and rude, but it requires me to then chase them down with more email for clarification or to look through my courses to see which of my 120 students they might be.

I remind them that to send someone--anyone--an email like that in a formal situation (like to a teacher or anyone else you don't know well or with whom you're not engaged in an ongoing and familiar conversation) is the same as running by the recipient's office and shouting out the sentence: "Why did I get that score on my test?" before bolting off down the hall.

It's rude, unclear, and badly ill-advisable when the sender wishes something from the recipient.

The world of email would be much better if people learned or remembered common courtesies of greeting and leave-taking in more formal contexts, just like are expected in face to face or other written interactions.
02:59 PM on 09/09/2011
Firstly, Formal? You teach at an online school. Get over it. Second, it's not the same as "barking" or "shouting". IF THEY TYPED LIKE THIS, THEN IT WOULD BE.

The world of email (and the world in general) would be much better if older people would realize that things they used to think of as standard practice are no longer such.
04:07 PM on 09/09/2011
I really should rest my case, but I will add that you clearly don't teach online. Whether communication happens online or in person, social relations between people who don't have equal roles still matter and vary.

Clearly this is a matter of opinion and yours differs from mine. No problem.

You're making a pretty big assumption about me being "older," that is unless you're fourteen or so as your demeanor suggests.
05:14 PM on 09/09/2011
It doesn't matter which kind of school it is, the point is the students want help from the teacher, and thus it's just sheer stupidity to insult the person you're trying to convince to help you. But for the record, Folklorist clearly stated that they work at an university, so your point is moot anyways.

The thing is, format in e-mail is not something that only older people use. Even in e-mails to friends, you should include some forms of salutations such as 'Hi Mel!' and end with something like 'See you tomorrow.' That's just basic manners, and should not be something exclusive to an older generation.

Salutations in e-mails are also used in more formal situations, such as e-mailing your professor or sending your resume. The whole point of a cover letter is to introduce yourself to your potential employer, and if you dare to skip salutations in that, then you are a great deal less likely to be hired, because they would very rightly conclude that you're lacking in the manners department.

So really, instead of criticizing others for expecting more from you, perhaps you should consider improving yourself instead.
05:02 PM on 09/09/2011
My professors told us that they don't accept e-mails from us unless we send them from our school accounts. That way, they can easily track down which of us sent them the e-mail if necessary, although I agree with your complaint, it's highly foolish for anyone to send e-mails demanding aid from someone without providing the information necessary for that person to provide the aid.

As for the rudeness in the e-mails, perhaps it's best if you preempt those actions by making it clear to your students on the very first lesson that you will not answer any e-mails that doesn't follow a basic format (my professors tell us to include our names, student number, course code, section number, and if we're contacting our TAs, tutorial section number in the subject line) as well as adhere to the basic rules of courtesy. I know these things should be common sense, but sometimes you just need to spell these things out.

Hope it helps!
07:45 PM on 09/09/2011
I spell things out very, very clearly in a manner close to what you describe. Many still don't follow those guidelines: either they forget, they don't care, or they don't read the instructions in the first place. My preferred response is to hit the delete key without answering back--though it's very difficult to do that when there's a person who needs my help (albeit a rude or perhaps just careless one) at the other end.

Sadly, my university allows its students to make third-party addresses their official ones so I can't fall back on the ability to determine identity from university email addresses.
nothingchanges
too soon old, too late smart
11:17 PM on 09/08/2011
In defense of comments to HP.

1.) Misspelling. Do it a lot, not intentional, thinking about what I wanted to say, and trying to get my fingers to keep up is a chore.

My mind runs ahead, and I lose my train of thought (Happens in old age, you'll find out, if you live that long). Funny thing is, my "spell checker" is about as dumb as I am. It can't tell the difference between there, and their either. Maybe I need a grammer checker, but she's in the other room watching TV.

2.) Humor. or worse, irony. Sometimes I'll try to make a point by humor (or irony). Some get it, seems like most don't. Can't advise it, hasn't worked well for me. (Just like my grammer comment).

3.) I see many people comment on misspellings, or grammatical errors. It puts me in mind of a line I recall (vaguely) from the PBS series "I CLAUDIUS."

"It is true I have difficulty hearing, but it is not from lack of listening".

"It is also true that I have a speech impediment (he stuttered) but Isn't what a man has to say, more important, than how long it takes for him to say it?

For me, when it comes to grammar and spelling, I'm pretty laid back. I make enough mistakes of my own, for me not to criticize others when they do.
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ThermoChemist
"Forewarned Is Forearmed"
10:40 PM on 09/08/2011
"Cue #1: Errors
Mistakes in your writing -- either grammatical or typographical (e.g., misspelling) -- leave the reader with a very distinct impression: you don't care. Errors are taken as a clear sign of apathy, and even disrespect. Sloppy emails leave people believing you can't be bothered to do it right. They are the written equivalent of unabashedly yawning in someone's face."
==========

Explains all the poor spelling on the signs displayed by the TPers...!

: (
LindaFS
Who decides who is enlightened?
09:56 PM on 09/08/2011
I had a co-worker tell me to "treat email like conversation." It was good advice. In one of the companies I work for, it is not at all unusual for people to ignore emails and not respond at all. I am always amazed at the amount of water cooler conversation that kind of behavior generates, and what people assume as a result of the behavior (you're rude, cowardly, or incompetent).
08:47 PM on 09/08/2011
Phaaaaa. . . . . . . Q!

blind melon scayf does not deign to use spell check.
12:51 AM on 09/09/2011
But at least you can spell deign! Plus you seem to have resolved that First vs Third Person Perspective problem by throwing down the gauntlet with your usage of the Royal Third Person.

May your reign be very melony, Your Scayfness.
08:33 PM on 09/08/2011
Cue#2: I believe that the "we" in the first sentence is a first person plural subject pronoun. The third person plural subject pronoun would be 'they.' Third person pronouns are 'he,' 'she,' 'they.' The second example sentence is not written in the 'third person,' but is written in the 'passive voice,' because there is no subject noun or pronoun. However, I do agree with Dr. Halvorson's point that the 'passive voice' can have the unintended effect she describes.
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antaeus
Marriage Equality Is Here
07:48 PM on 09/08/2011
The "it" in the second cue is a first-person pronoun, but the important difference between the two sentences is a switch from the active to the passive voice. It was decided? By whom? The passive construction hides the agent.
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antaeus
Marriage Equality Is Here
08:06 PM on 09/08/2011
"third" in first sentence
06:06 PM on 09/08/2011
'Time-saving' emails are a trigger for me.

Offenders include: ellipses (and I admit I'm an offender!)... if you're going to end a sentence, well why not?... why just do this ... and another phrase!

Ampersand. I want Obama to end his speeches with "... and please stop using ampersand for "and"! One is grammar, one is a word!"
08:51 PM on 09/08/2011
I happen to like my ellipsis. . . with an i. . . spelled correctly. . . correspondence, the subject of which is peoples' grammatical errors, should be squeaky clean. . .

blind melon scayf does not deign to use spell-check.
02:56 PM on 09/09/2011
Ellipses is the plural, which you might know if you deigned to use a spell-check.

They were correct; you were not.
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euromarkusx
Political Party: Lobster
05:57 PM on 09/08/2011
#4 - Never using the Enter key

I don't know how many emails I've received, where the whole text is a huge one-page paragraph.
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JWerner
Beware Macduff; beware the thane of Fife!
01:54 PM on 09/11/2011
*sigh*

I feel your pain. I wonder if said offenders realize how much more difficult it is to read something online if it is not broken-up properly. It's easy for me to lose my place in the huge wall of text.