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Heidi Grant Halvorson, Ph.D.

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How Willpower Works: The 3 Self-Control Secrets You Need to Know

Posted: 03/28/11 09:54 AM ET

Most of our New Year's resolutions have one thing in common: resisting temptation. Trying to ignore the powerful allure of the forbidden cigarette, doughnut, or latest budget-blowing buying impulse requires willpower. You might expect very successful people, who presumably have boatloads of willpower, to be particularly good at not giving in. But if anything, they seem to be even more susceptible to temptation than the rest of us.

Quick -- name a famous or powerful person who doesn't have a well-known weakness for something. I'll wait.

Having the willpower to govern a country, yet lacking the willpower to resist cigarettes or french fries may seem like a contradiction, but it actually isn't, according to research on the nature of self-control. So if you want this to be the year that you finally stop smoking, slim down or stick to your budget, it's a good idea to start by understanding how willpower really works.

Your capacity for self-control is not unlike the muscles in your body. Like biceps or triceps, willpower can vary in its strength, not only from person to person, but from moment to moment. Just as well-developed biceps sometimes get tired and jelly-like after a strenuous workout, so, too, does your willpower "muscle."

Even everyday actions like decision-making or trying to make a good impression can sap this valuable resource, as can coping with the stresses of your career and family. When you tax it too much at once, or for too long, the well of self-control strength runs dry. It is in these moments that the doughnut wins.

So the first thing you are going to want to do, if you are serious about resisting temptation, is make peace with the fact that your willpower is limited. If you've spent all your self-control handling stresses at work, you will not have much left at the end of the day for sticking to your resolutions. Think about when you are most likely to feel drained and vulnerable, and make a plan to keep yourself out of harm's way. Be prepared with an alternate activity or a low-calorie snack, whichever applies.

Also, don't try to pursue two goals at once that each require a lot of self-control if you can help it. This is really just asking for trouble. For example, studies show that people who try to quit smoking while dieting, in order to avoid the temporary weight gain that often accompanies smoking cessation, are more likely to fail at both enterprises than people who tackle them one at a time.

The good news is, willpower depletion is only temporary. Give your muscle time to bounce back, and you'll be back in fighting form and ready to say "no" to any doughnuts that come your way. When rest is not an option, recent research shows that you can actually speed up your self-control recovery, or give it a boost when reserves are low, simply by thinking about people you know who have lot of self-control. Thinking about my impossibly self-possessed mother does wonders for me when I'm about to fall off the no-cheesecake wagon.

Or, you can try giving yourself a pick-me-up. I don't mean a cocktail -- I mean something that puts you in a good mood. (Again, not a cocktail -- it may be mood-enhancing, but alcohol is definitely not willpower-enhancing.) Anything that lifts your spirits should also help restore your self-control strength when you're looking for a quick fix.

The other way in which willpower is like a muscle (and the really great news for those of us trying to lose a few pounds) is that it can be made stronger over time if you give it regular workouts. Recent studies show that daily activities such as exercising, keeping track of your finances or what you are eating, or even just remembering to sit up straight every time you think of it, can strengthen your capacity for self-control. For example, in one study, people who were given free gym memberships and stuck to a daily exercise program for two months not only got physically healthier, but also smoked fewer cigarettes, drank less alcohol and ate less junk food. They were better able to control their tempers, and less likely to spend money impulsively. They didn't leave their dishes in the sink, didn't put things off until later, and missed fewer appointments. In fact, every aspect of their lives that required the use of willpower improved dramatically.

So if you want to build more willpower, start by picking an activity (or avoiding one) that fits with your life and your goals -- anything that requires you to override an impulse or desire again and again -- and add this activity to your daily routine. It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier over time if you hang in there because your capacity for self-control will grow.

Armed with an understanding of how willpower works, and how you can get your hands on some more of it, there's no reason why this can't be the year that you cross those troublesome resolutions off your list for good.

***

For more on tips on building willpower and resisting temptation, check out my new book, "Succeed: How We Can Reach Our Goals."

 
 
 

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Most of our New Year's resolutions have one thing in common: resisting temptation. Trying to ignore the powerful allure of the forbidden cigarette, doughnut, or latest budget-blowing buying impulse re...
Most of our New Year's resolutions have one thing in common: resisting temptation. Trying to ignore the powerful allure of the forbidden cigarette, doughnut, or latest budget-blowing buying impulse re...
 
 
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11:23 AM on 04/06/2011
THE WILLPOWER MUSCLE -- bane to the Outer Child!
The willpower muscle is nothing other than the Higher Adult Self finally asserting its “higher authority” over your choices and deeds. How do we strengthen the muscle of the Higher Adult Self? Well, it’s about having the three parts of the personality in balance – the Inner Child, the Outer Child and the Adult Self. Inner Child is all about feelings, while Outer Child is all about acting them out (inappropriately). Your Adult self gains strength to call the right shots when it’s in close alignment with your Inner Child’s core needs and feelings. Once this relationship is established, your wayward Outer Child – the part that breaks your diet and gets attracted to all the wrong people – has no stray feelings to act out – it looses its hold on your behavior choices. As your Adult Self takes responsibility for its own choices and actions, the muscle gets strong enough to resist Outer Child’s constant temptations. OuterChild.net and www.Abandonment.net
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GraniteSkyline
I wish you happiness!
09:06 AM on 04/03/2011
I try to reverse my procrastination. Generally my procrastination results from thinking a task is too difficult or too complicated. First step is to force myself to sit down with pen and paper and break it up and form a plan. After all the aspects are listed on paper it rarely seems as daunting as it did when a thousand ideas and fears were swirling in my head.

If the task is still daunting, then I have to put it through the spin machine. Because usually its fear that holds me back. I resell the task to myself but I exaggerate all the things that will go wrong if I DON'T act, and create rosy outcomes of acting on the project. I have to keep reminding myself, but soon I am propelled into action.
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Savage Saint Roger
Card Carrying Liberal
06:10 AM on 04/02/2011
Will power is projecting forward the 'accomplishment' of the will. To see it as the act of deprivation is to lose the power part. The deprivation of the useless comes only from the accomplishment of the inclusion of useful; depletion of the detrimental should be seen as resultant from the inclusion of the postive and not so much as a painful surgical extraction.
Of course in America, we are taught to relish pain. We are taught to struggle, fight, stay incited, not to look out for the other guy but to be wary of the other guy at all times. In other words, America is based on fear based thinking! If it is a fear inducing past time that includes dire consequences, it is subconsciously seen, here in America at least, as right and proper because that is our way of life.
Happiness based in fear? It seems like a very odd way to live.
04:37 PM on 03/30/2011
It takes me so much energy to get dressed (I have multiple schlerosis) so I can drive in Norfolk, Virginia, that I frequently give into a soda at seven-eleven. I don't have money for gas or good, but if I don't get dressed so I look like I belong, I will be treated like a drunk in this city for 'members only.' So I decided never to go into Norfolk again, and then my friend ended up in hospital there. I physically couldn't cross the railroad tracks without getting sick. Now my friend has no one to visit him. But I had to make myself stay out of the city. It is hard to explain. It is like PTSD central for me.
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Savage Saint Roger
Card Carrying Liberal
06:17 AM on 04/02/2011
Work on not letting the projections of others dictate your happiness or your behavior. If going to Norfolk is doable and brings you peace - then go to Norfolk. Unless you have actually been accosted by the authorities, which is entirely believable here in the future, you may be feeling the way you feel uncomfortable more from commercial advertising tactics to sell new clothes than what may actually be projected upon you by others. Perception is everything if you want to stay empowered!
God bless you! Be well and happy!
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William Anderson LMHC
Licensed Psychotherapist, Weight Control Expert
08:36 AM on 03/30/2011
You are on the right track in recognizing that "will-power" is a skill that can be learned and strengthened rather than a trait that one either has or does not have. In my therapeutic training program and book of the same name, "The Anderson Method", I teach clients to use Therapeutic Psychogenics, concepts you have alluded to in your excellent column. These have helped me maintain success after losing 140 lbs, and they have been a life saver for thousands. One may not be born with an iron will, but just like working out can build bodies, self control can be acquired in a similar way.
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momstudent
01:17 AM on 03/30/2011
Great article, nice to know my will power is still present even when I feel as though I have failed. I do know every day is another opportunity to try again and recognize tomorrow is not promised to anyone.
05:26 PM on 03/29/2011
Sometimes I indulge just so I won't become a slave to my willpower.
09:06 PM on 03/31/2011
interesting.
04:35 PM on 03/29/2011
Will power is important. It is a matter of contouring the mind to understand that it should be focusing on the positive and supportive aspects and things that serve us to better ourselves and the way we look at the world.

When we can do this we have control of a wonderful power to discern how we want to view and interact with the world. Many believe that they are a tiny ship a toss in a powerful swell and they have no real control, as they are just a victim of circumstance.

Nothing could be father from the truth. It is only true when you allow yourself to be a wash in that way of thinking. The truth is we can re focus our mind and harness the power of that swell. We can focus on all the things that support us in life. Then we see we have the power to create any type of life experience that we wish for ourselves to have. There are no limits. A matter of mind over matter.

More info about contouring the mind at http://bit.ly/dFXWrv
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Terri Lorz
03:09 PM on 03/29/2011
I have been working on discipline this year and this article will help. Thanks - Terri Jo Lorz
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David4FreePress
I am a volunteer, Tong Ren distant energy healer.
02:11 PM on 03/29/2011
The stress that zaps will power can also be dealt with by mindfulness meditation. Try to do meditation after dealing with stress, such as after arriving home from work.
Guided meditations work better, and there is at least one guided meditation online for free. Just google mindfulness meditation.
This is especially useful for less athletic people.
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Puffin16
82.7% of all statistics are made up on the spot
12:32 PM on 03/29/2011
My secret to losing 85 pounds recently was a 100% commitment to a healthy lifestyle. I didn't want an opportunity to lose direction, so I jumped in with both feet with an all or nothing approach. Of course, I did research on food and processing and learning exactly what the food did for my body, and I learned portion control. I became obsessed with eating right and exercising, and everyone around me encouraged my progress. I recently had a birthday, and the people at work had a celebration for me, but without the cake - they brought in fresh fruit instead.
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ontariogirl
Power to the People
08:50 PM on 03/30/2011
Well done. Congratulations. May you live long and prosper. :)
11:36 AM on 03/29/2011
Good article. I believe there is a finite amount of willpower in everyone too. Once it's sapped on work or other stress-related things, you don't have any to lose weight, quit smoking, doing the dishes, etc.
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edgraham
There is no magic
10:37 AM on 03/29/2011
...as I step off the curb, and see the on coming bus just a split second from smashing me into oblivion - - my last thought is, "I could have had the gravy."
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french queen13
my beloved is mine and I am his
07:55 PM on 03/28/2011
I find making a short-term promise sometimes helps. I pinched that idea from Samuel Pepys's diary - he'd make a vow not to spend all his time at the theatre or eating out, have a sort of charity box to put money into if he lapsed, and set an end date for his promise. It'd keep him pretty much on the straight and narrow and focussed on his work for months at a time (and in Restoration London, there were a LOT of temptations around theatre-wise). He did tend to binge for a while once his vow expired, lol, but he'd get back soon enough, especially when he looked at how much he was spending.

The thing I use the short-term vow for is nothing like that - no money or calories involved, lol - but the method was certainly worth trying for me.
06:28 PM on 03/28/2011
My experience is that will power gets more of a fighting chance when it is backed up with knowledge. For example, once you really really understand what say, excess saturated fat, for one example, does to people over time ( pretty horrific results) it makes the willpower to turn down the doughnuts, most of the time, quite a bit easier.
02:39 PM on 03/30/2011
I agree, thinking about the consequences of your actions can help to strengthen willpower. I also like to think about the benefits of overcoming willpower. It can create a powerful incentive to resist.
http://www.socialsciencemedley.com/