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Honoree Corder

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Divorce Questions: How Is College Tuition Divided Among Exes?

Posted: 04/17/2012 12:11 pm

Before you sign that divorce decree, make sure your attorney has ensured your child will receive the college education you, and they, have in mind. This is not the time for some vague, generic language, because the year leading up to your child beginning their college education is the wrong time to find out your decree was worded improperly, or leaves the door open to less-than-ideal circumstances. You'll want to do this during your divorce process, or as soon as possible, and in the specific language that allows your kids, and both parents, to come out with the best possible financial circumstance.

Here's a checklist for making sure you've done the right things regarding college in your divorce process:

1. The parent with the least amount of income should have primary custody (and the corresponding tax deduction for that child) the year prior to applying to college. This will allow your college-bound student to be eligible for more financial aid.

2. Full cooperation in filing the financial aid forms should be required in your decree. That means both parents have to share their financial information with the student so the FAFSA and CSS Profile can be filed in time to meet all deadlines.

3. The divorce decree should identify who will pay for what -- related to college preparation and college. That means prior to college, paying for standardized test prep courses, paying for admissions applications, paying for college visits, etc. It also means agreeing on how college expenses are handled -- split 50/50, dad pays for room & board, mom pays for tuition, you both pay for books and fees, etc. All of that should be spelled out in plain English so there's no dispute when the time comes -- and it will!

4. There should be an appropriate cap to these expenses. The cost of attendance (all college costs combined) has risen about 8 percent per year for the last fifty years, so it would be wise to limit the potential cost of college for both parties in a divorce. For example, Dad agrees to pay 50 percent of all tuition, fees, room & board, etc. up to a threshold of $15,000 per school year for an undergraduate degree. Note that more than half of kids today take longer than 4 years to earn a degree, so you may also want to limit the length of time you will be willing to be "on the hook".

5. The decree should require life insurance and disability insurance for the total of all college-related obligations. The decree won't be worth the paper it's printed on if one of the parents can't work or dies prematurely.

If you fail to have the correct language added to your divorce decree, you could end up paying thousands more than you had planned, and/or end up back in court.

Written with Beth Walker, founder of College Funding Coaches.

 
 
 
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Before you sign that divorce decree, make sure your attorney has ensured your child will receive the college education you, and they, have in mind. This is not the time for some vague, generic languag...
Before you sign that divorce decree, make sure your attorney has ensured your child will receive the college education you, and they, have in mind. This is not the time for some vague, generic languag...
 
 
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10:17 AM on 04/20/2012
Kids whose parents are still married are not guaranteed a paid for college education. Both my parents paid for their own educations and their folks never spilt up.

Should one parent be forced to take out loans because of an agreement...loans they may be paying off past retirement age. What about the parent who didn't even go to college themselves? Should they have to rent a room in a stranger's house, cut out any bit of pleasure from their life so their kid can have a "good college experience?" Community colleges offer some great programs at affordable prices but if it is my ex's problem, why would I encourage my kid to take that approach?

Maybe my feeling stem form the fact that my ex left just before our oldest for college. After grants, he needed $90,000 in loans. I made it clear I was not responsible for any of it. I had to move in with family, give up choosing may own meals, what temperature the thermostat would be set at, and clear going out with mom and dad as 35 yr. old woman. I was not about to agree to sign a loan agreement that would mean I would be living this way until I am 60.

Does that make me selfish? If my ex can live with his girlfriend and our son can gets own place, I should be able to dream of a studio apartment.
08:34 AM on 04/19/2012
"1. The parent with the least amount of income should have primary custody (and the corresponding tax deduction for that child) the year prior to applying to college. This will allow your college-bound student to be eligible for more financial aid."

REALLY? And what if the parent with the least amount of income is ALSO the parent with the least amount of ABILITY to CARE for the child? This statement makes it seem like this should be grounds for parental custody. "My kid needs to go to college, so the ex makes less than me, and even though they have bad parenting skills and the courts decided that I should have custody of the kids, I should let THEM have the kids". Um...NO!
Some of us are in that situation and to make a statement like you have here is just wrong.
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SingleMomBooks
Author, The Successful Single Mom book series
08:25 AM on 04/19/2012
In response to some that question the approach, this is an effort to take a more sensible approach to an often-times emotional issue. These solutions are offered for divorcing couples that want the best for their children and feel providing for college is an important part of their role as a parent. Clearly if neither had an intention of paying for college while married, a divorce isn't going to change their approach to providing (or not) for their children. Since the divorce decree is, in essence, a contract between parents, it can be enforced by the court.
03:45 PM on 04/18/2012
This depends upon the age of the kids too...If you have toddler's when you divorce, how can you be certain that you will be able to pay for the college expenses of your child. A college education isn't guaranteed.
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Mark5301
12:27 PM on 04/18/2012
It is NEVER in anyone's interest to agree to anything described in this article. First, the constant use of the word "child" is inane. We're talking about adults, legally and physically here. If parents want to assist their adult children with college that's up to them, but never agree to anything in a divorce degree. Family courts are asinine, and often bizarre. An agreement to pay for college leaves no room for changed circumstances, whether it's your inability to afford it, disagreement about what the adult child decides to pursue in college, or a destroyed relationship with the adult child of the marriage.
Best advice you'll ever get is to simply refuse to agree to pay for anything college related in a divorce decree. Once the child support order is terminated you're free to help to whatever extent you wish, or are able, without the potential for being jailed if you become unable to continue assistance.
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Carmen Isais
Therapist, Divorce Mediator
05:45 PM on 04/18/2012
Bravo Mark! Well said.
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Swimdude
11:12 AM on 04/18/2012
Since my x-wife never once thought of "Where is this money going to come from for anything we ever bought" I know I am on the hook to pay for my Daughters College Education. I have 3 more years and have only saved aproximately 1/3rd of the money to pay for her education. I figure by the time my daughter starts College I will have 2/3rds of the money to pay for her education and will have 3 years to save the rest to ensure she gets her full 4 years.
12:35 AM on 04/18/2012
If a college education is part of the vision you have for your children, like perhaps sending them to piano lessons or a sport camp or private preschool, it should be written into the agreement. If this is not something you as a parent want to insure, don't. Personally, given the lifestyle I intended and we created, college was a part of that plan and it was therefore included.
10:51 PM on 04/17/2012
A grandparent will many times step in to pay some college costs. With a divorce agreement, grandparents could just funnel money through their adult child to uphold the divorce settlement terms. The divorced parent without this kind of help will be unfairly burdened.

In such a situation, I would agree to provide room and board to an adult child in college... provided they live in my house!
10:11 PM on 04/17/2012
I also personally know two families who divorced, where the fathers refused to pay any college expenses, even though it was specified in the agreement. Both mothers took the fathers to court, and were successful in requiring the father to pay.

I don't think "constitutionality" applies to a mutually-agreed-upon divorce agreement. If both parties have agreed, and one breaches the agreement, the other party has every right to seek enforcement of the agreement. However, it is not like child support where it is a crime not to pay child support, the only reason for this being that the courts are concerned a child will end up needing to be supported by the state which would not apply for college.
06:38 PM on 04/17/2012
I agree with all these points. Usually parents have a pretty good idea how they feel about a college education. The older the kids, the more an idea the parents have while still together. So I would say this article may not apply to everyone. However, depending on where you may live, the laws regarding child support vary quite a bit. Here in MA, child support is mandated until a child is emancipated -- if a child is in college, this means until age 23 or graduation from college, whichever is sooner. Another thing to realize (I am going through this process now) is that colleges DO expect both biological parents to contribute money towards their child's college education. Until a child is 21 and legally independent, they cannot even complete a financial aid application without their parents -- both of them -- completing forms. In this economy, college costs are brutal, I know. And provisions concerning college costs usually refer to "ability to pay". But I would think that ideally all parents want a bright future for their kids (I know this is in reality not true), and that includes a good employment outlook so that they can be self-supporting.
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Carmen Isais
Therapist, Divorce Mediator
06:31 PM on 04/17/2012
That first paragraph of mine should have read- "NOT constitutional".
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Carmen Isais
Therapist, Divorce Mediator
06:30 PM on 04/17/2012
It is my understanding that some of these demands are simply are constitutional-- that is, no court would impute college tuition responsibility on a divorcing parent, just as not no court could force a married parent to pay for their 18 child's schooling.

However, if one (foolishly) was to enter this into part of their Marital Settlement or Parenting Plan, then I suppose it could be enforced.

I think the author should have made it clear that this type of demand and argument does not hold water in Court.
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Mark5301
12:30 PM on 04/18/2012
In most states family courts cannot order a person to pay college expenses. However, if you foolishly agree to do so, family courts can and will enforce the agreement.
05:44 PM on 04/18/2012
In some states divorcing parents are very definitely ordered to pay college expenses. Other states have struck down such rules.

The bottom line is that the lawyers want every possible point of contention left open to litigation, thus the states that are OWNED by the family law attorneys have somehow retained these laws in the face of 14th Amendment challenges.

Can there be any clearer example of a legislatively defined favored class than the reality that if a couple divorces prior to age 18 in these states they are *forced* to pay college expenses, while if they divorce a day after the child turns 18, or they remain married, they don't have to pay a dime?
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Box500
Space can be recovered. Time, never.
02:47 PM on 04/17/2012
Hey..therefore, 18+ yr old children should be able to obtain a court order that their still-married parents should pay for their college, right? Wish I would've thought of that because all I got from my moronic parents was.."So...what you gonna do about paying for that?"
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belle27
01:43 PM on 04/17/2012
Agree in principle. This is a toughie, though. Different parents can have different senses of what a parent's obligation vs. a child's obligation for paying for college is. And if the parents were still married, they would be under no legal obligation at all to pay for one penny of the child's education. Because of that fact alone, I'm a little inclined to disagree in practice with this idea.