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Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson

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The Great Disconnect

Posted: 12/15/10 11:35 AM ET

If an economic catastrophe befalls Americans and no one in power hears it, did it happen?

That was the question raised by a new Yale/Rockefeller Foundation report released yesterday that looks at the economic experiences of Americans during the Great Recession. Since one of us (Hacker) was a coauthor, we obviously gave it extra attention. Yet the picture it painted -- based on a two-wave survey between March 2008 and September 2009 -- was only confirmation of what most Americans know: there's a lot of economic pain out there.

According to the report, more than 90 percent of Americans experienced at least one major economic "shock" during these 18 months: a substantial drop in wealth or income, a large increase in nondiscretionary spending (such as medical costs), or similar dislocation. Even if you ignore big wealth losses -- ubiquitous because of the fall in the housing and the stock markets -- roughly 7 in 10 Americans saw their earnings substantially decline or their nondiscretionary expenses substantially rise. Nearly a quarter saw their income fall by 25 percent or more.

Even more worrisome, those who experienced these shocks were much more likely to report serious economic deprivation (going without food, housing, or medical care because of the cost). And this was true for middle-income families as well as the least advantaged. Indeed, more than half of families with incomes between $60,000 and $100,000 that experienced employment or medical disruptions reported being unable to meet at least one basic economic need.

Against this backdrop, the tax-cut deal brokered by President Obama looks like very weak tea. Extended unemployment benefits are a vital lifeline that will encourage spending to revive the economy, and the temporary cut in payroll taxes will provide an important, albeit modest and short-lived, boost. But a huge chunk of the bipartisan deal is tax cuts that the Congressional Budget Office has judged singularly ineffective as economic tonic, including massive cuts for the richest of Americans and their heirs that will pile on future debt, exacerbate inequality, and crowd out other, more effective measures -- all for little or no short-term economic gain.

What about a major effort to create jobs to rebuild our crumbling roads, bridges, and transportation system? Nope. What about giving more relief to struggling states that are laying off teachers and first responders? Nada. Perhaps we could step up the implementation of the health care law to provide expanded Medicaid benefits during this weak recovery, when millions of Americans are still losing their jobs and health insurance. Are you kidding?

That the tax-cut deal may well be the best that Obama could have gotten only makes the joke crueler. What's wrong with our politics that so much hardship evokes so little response?

At the event launching the Yale/Rockefeller foundation report, the panelists -- Ezra Klein of the Washington Post, Larry Mishel of the Economic Policy Institute, and Stuart Butler of the Heritage Foundation -- seemed genuinely puzzled by this question. Even Butler, an astute conservative thinker who saw the report as a chance to have a real conversation about the level and distribution of economic risk in the United States, appeared not to have a precise response.

Two answers floated around the room. The first is that our political system is so dysfunctional that even political leaders deeply worried about what's happening just don't see any prospect for serious action. Klein fingered the Senate filibuster, which has showed its ugly head again and again during the lame-duck session. With an intense conservative minority in the Senate, everyone from the president to those peddling deficit-reduction proposals to liberal democrats simply assumes that nothing that involves direct job creation or serious public spending or increased revenues -- even revenues gained by letting tax cuts expire -- is feasible.

But there was second hypothesis: Maybe a good chunk of the political class is just so insulated from the realities in the report that they don't feel the same sense of urgency that most Americans do. Things are terrible on Main Street, but on Wall Street, Pennsylvania Avenue, and K Street, they don't look so gloomy. How else can we explain why everyone in Washington was talking about deficit reduction (at least until they decided to blow another hole in the budget), even while polls show that Americans ranked it way, way below fixing the economy?

It's not clear which is scarier -- that our leaders don't think they can lead, or that they don't want to.

Either way, the middle-class economy keeps falling, and no one is there to hear it.

Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson are the authors of Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer--And Turned Its Back on the Middle Class

 
 
 
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05:47 PM on 12/19/2010
I just finished reading "Winner-Take-All Politics", and I want to note that an excellent example of government-enabled gain for the well-off is the Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, passed in 1998. The Bono Act extends the term of all copyrights since 1923 to terms that fly in the face of what was intended by the Constitution (Section eight, clause eight of Article One), although the "strict constructionists" on the Supreme Court looked elsewhere when vested interests were involved and let it pass.

The Bono Act was intended to benefit the owners of hugely valuable old films, music and books, but it applies just as well to works of little commercial value. Because it applies to all published works, it means that reprinting many old works is a practical impossibility, given the difficulty of finding the authors or heirs. An practical example is the dearth of illustrations in Wikipedia for people and events since 1923.
12:42 PM on 12/16/2010
GOOD MORNING!!! MY FELLOW HOMO SAPIENS WHICH MEANS THE SPECIES WHO IS WISE. AWARDS OF THE YEAR:
Pelosi earned "The Most Productive Public Servant of the Year Award" for passing the most legislation in U.S. History designed to benefit the American people.
***********************************************************************************************************
"The Most Compassionate Americans of the Year Award" goes to Keith and Ed of MSMBC for collecting funds for clinics and uninsured Americans.
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12:13 PM on 12/16/2010
"our leaders don't think they can lead, or that they don't want to" WHAT LEADERS....
10:35 PM on 12/15/2010
greetings....you guys do know that it is a CAPITAL based economy...right?....and if it "keeps falling" maybe you could seek answers in the direction of capital....
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
lodger16x
03:38 AM on 12/16/2010
Capital is not a static GOD. Capital is money, which ideally moves and flows, creating a multiplier effect. When 2 trillion dollars, much of it the result of a government bailout, is sitting idle on Wall St, gathering interest on treasury bonds bought with money  "borrowed" from the FED, at 0% interest, capital is doing nothing to help anyone except Wall St and K St.
 Doing insult to injury, American 'financial heroes" would rather use the money they borrow from America's children to create jobs overseas, than to invest in their own nation.
When enough Americans realize this and decide to do something about it, there will be a backlash, and with most of the military overseas , and police being laid off, the 'financial heroes" are going to have to fend for themselves. Now, that's entertainment!
09:53 AM on 12/16/2010
That sounds like a tacit admission that government cannot provide the capital to "stimulate" the economy, lodger16x, and also affirms what spiralskydancer just said. The "multiplier" you refer to originates as money taken out of the economy to be redirected by government. It isn't "new" money, just "someone else's" money. What is the "multiplier effect" of government taking money out of the economy, and spending it so unwisely that it winds up on Wall St, gathering interest on treasury bonds?
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09:49 PM on 12/15/2010
It's an interesting concept that if D.C. 'doesn't know/get it', is there really a economic collapse? The beltway is a miniscule spot on the U.S. map. Those folks will begin to feel the pressure of millions of un/underemployed citizens regardless of coverage in media. Underground media as relates to internet, etc. has filled in the gaps in info. Irrelevence of D.C. has been a fact of life for so many of us thousands of miles away for some time. Countering events of this week will mean presenting alternative nominees of populist bent. this looks like an internet activity to me.
09:31 PM on 12/15/2010
Unemployed Americans ? Are there no workhouses, are their no prisons !

E. Scrooge
09:54 AM on 12/16/2010
Workhouses and prisons are government solutions. E Scrooge was a Democrat.
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01:47 PM on 12/16/2010
haha thats funny and stupid on many levels
09:24 PM on 12/15/2010
this is ridiculous.
if one can turn on the tv or pickup a newspaper, one is aware of the dire straits faced by millions.
if they cannot be bothered to know what's going on in the country, then their governance is really incompetence.
if they are aware and continue to behave as many legislators have over the past several years, then they simply don't care, if they don't care, then they do not have the interests of their constituencies in mind
09:36 PM on 12/15/2010
If we had a working media in this country, there would be no real problems.
06:39 AM on 12/16/2010
You are right except that the media is owned by giant corporations (e.g. GE) that have interests that are adverse to truth telling.
10:05 PM on 12/15/2010
What crisis? Everything on TV is happy-wappy business a usual.
06:41 AM on 12/16/2010
the media is owned by giant corporatio­ns (e.g. GE) that have interests that are adverse to truth telling.
Those that are not onwed by giant corporation have financial relationships that they do not wantto jeopardize. Even this media is not immune.
08:36 PM on 12/15/2010
I don’t know if I buy either hypothesis. I would prefer to think of these answers as attempts to control and channel a wider discussion by the people about the crisis in which this country finds itself.

Both seem to put the responsibility at the feet of our puppet leaders. What about the puppeteers?

1. A group of unaccountable private bankers (The Fed Reserve System) that has the power to print money and to lend to their fellow bankers and to select companies including media outlets without oversight (no annual Audits), and which profits from deficits (Treasuries), and

2. A military industry that is in bed with our politicians and the Pentagon and which desires war to grow their profits.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
newunderground
Freelance social critic
09:29 PM on 12/15/2010
War is a racket.
Gen Smedley Butler
06:36 AM on 12/16/2010
You are so right. In addition to the war machine we have to fix the money printing banking system that controls corporate $$$$ media in this country. The corporate media will supress, misinform and distort the real news so the people with the ultimate power (us) remain ignorant and feel powerless.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
drkazmd65
Mom Taught me - Question Everything - Thanks Mom!
12:10 PM on 12/16/2010
Governmental Finance is also a racket. Anybody who hasn't read Gen. Butler's short critique really should read it.
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epochme
08:28 PM on 12/15/2010
It's all about the O. We elected a leader, what we got was a follower that has no idea how to lead from the bully pulpit... excepting of course to capitulate to the powers that be in backroom negotiations and then telling us it's the best we can do. Well, with Mr. O in charge, I guess it is the best that we can do.
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unionave
Old Codger
08:25 PM on 12/15/2010
We brought this fiasco on ourselves . A campaigning politician said "the worst words I could hear is I'm from the government and I'm here to help" and we voted for him . And since his Presidency other politicians have said the words "big government" many times . With a statement being made so many times one would think some astute people would investigate the meaning of "big government" . (What did the unnecessary Homeland Security addition do for the size of our government?)
The real problem now is we elected these prevaricating "big government" haters and they are making sure that "government is NOT here to help" .
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Shaun Hensley
The American Experiment has failed
02:46 AM on 12/16/2010
'Unneeded' Homeland Security? You understand the DHS stands ready to perform it's desired function, quelling insurrection at home.
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unionave
Old Codger
10:25 AM on 12/16/2010
F & F ! Nice bit of facetiousness . Ever wonder what the Department of National Security does ?
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jeffrey678
You don't happen to make it. You make it happen.
08:23 PM on 12/15/2010
The economy Before and After Tax Cuts. Have you noticed that the media talks about tax cuts as if they have never been tried before and will work ? Anderson Cooper tried this the other day on his show. This is why they don't show you the actual numbers from the last TEN years of the tax cut economy.

Annualiz­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­e­­­d Growth Rates

Clinton

1993 to 1996 Real GDP = 3.44%
1993 to 1996 Real GDP per capita = 2.22%

1997 to 2000 Real GDP = 4.44%
1997 to 2000 Real GDP per capita = 3.26%

1993 to 2000 Real GDP = 4.01%
1993 to 2000 Real GDP per capita = 2.81%

Bush

2001 to 2004 Real GDP = 2.62%
2001 to 2004 Real GDP per capita = 1.68%

2005 to 2008 Real GDP = 1.75%
2005 to 2008 Real GDP per capita = 0.79%

2001 to 2008 Real GDP = 2.31%
2001 to 2008 Real GDP per capita = 1.36%”
09:05 PM on 12/15/2010
That's because Clinton did not do his job and protect us. He was well aware of the growing threat of Al queda and did not do enough obviously. Can you ever remember hearing Bush whine about the mess he was left by president Clinton. Clinton could have shut these folks down after they attacked us, how many times, The barracks, the embassy, the USS Cole, and the failed attempt on the World Trade center. He should have crushed them then and down the road it will be viewed as his biggest failure.
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newunderground
Freelance social critic
09:33 PM on 12/15/2010
Al Queda ready to strike US with airplanes,... PDB August 2001. IGNORED. Yup, Bush kept us safe, except for that one little time.
12:56 AM on 12/16/2010
Clinton was afraid to take on Saudi Arabia, as Bush was. That, along with the government's unconditional support for Israel, is the reason we have a "terrorism" problem. Clinton tried just as hard as Bush did - that is, not that hard. Hard enough, but it's a delicate proposition when you need to ask a new friend to capture an old friend turned enemy.

This is a three dimensional issue - there is no easy answer to it.
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SoylentGreenIsPeople
Hmmm........Tastes Like Chicken !
08:10 PM on 12/15/2010
“Where do you stand on unemployed people?
A. (Indiffere­­nt)
B. Where it hurts. They're far too silly and should work harder and do more to preserve tradition, decency and justice. Monty Python.”
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jeanrenoir
08:08 PM on 12/15/2010
The fault is not that of "the political class." The lack of empathy comes from the great white mob of voters, our current strong majority, not from the elites, bad as the elites are themselves. If the American white masses had empathy and a sense of solidarity with each other and the poor, we wouldn't have the politics we do. The Tea Party ironically showed the "progressives" that we still have a democracy which can still wipe people out if the people get mad at them. Too bad the angry mob is right-wing and not "progressive." Too bad the "progressives" have such a tiny percentage of the voters on their side, and seem helpless to get more than they have. Fate gave the Dems the Great Recession and control of everything in DC except the Roberts Court. Yet Fox and Rush still crushed the Dems, and succeeded in blaming the Recession on Obama, of all things. Until the "progressives" figure out a way to get a critical mass of uneducated white voters out of the clutches of Fox and Rush, "progressives" will be wasting their time lamenting anything at all, because they will remain laughing stocks of the Republican right because the "progressives" are so inept at communication with the voting majority, and thus helpless.
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Middle Blue
What's a micro-bio?
08:49 PM on 12/15/2010
One man, one vote. Won't change, even if you're right.

You're assuming three things -- First, that the (white) voters are well-educated; second, that they employ critical thinking before casting a vote and, finally, that they actually had a real choice in the booth.

You give white people far too much credit, and stop short of saying that the elected representatives sold out to K street.

What if we're just not paying attention in the first place?
08:04 PM on 12/15/2010
It's not accurate that Obama is a bad negotiator: he simply doesn't fight at all for average Americans and he has done nothing at all to help them. Nothing on unemployment (no mass scale public works projects). Nothing on the economy (his stimulus plan was too little too late). Nothing on the environment (Obama is the guy who reversed a 27 year ban on offshore drilling 18 days before the BP disaster). Nothing on the war machine (Obama has escalated in Afghanistan twice in the past year and extended the wars to Yemen and Pakistan). Nothing on relief for the elderly (in fact, Obama has twice in the past year led attacks on social security, first with his Cat Food Commission and second, by undermining social security's fiscal well being by extending the Bush tax cuts and calling for a reduction in social security taxes). So comprehensive has been Obama's assault on average Americans, so comprehensive has been his betrayal of the promises he made in 2008 to get elected, that it should be obvious that Obama lied in 2008 and that he works for the elite. He works for Goldman Sachs and Robert Rubin, not for average Americans.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Shaun Hensley
The American Experiment has failed
02:48 AM on 12/16/2010
He's not a bad negotiator, he got exactly what he wanted out of the deal. Flush him.
09:44 AM on 12/16/2010
Yes. Same on health care, same on financial reform. Exactly what he wanted, which unfortunately for us is an extension of the status quo, with a razor-thin veneer of 'change you can believe in'.

Please believe in the change, or next election you will get someone from the other 'side'' who will do EXACTLY the same thing. It is so important that you support your president that won't support you
09:50 AM on 12/16/2010
F & F'ed, speaking my language.
07:38 PM on 12/15/2010
We get exactly the kind of government we deserve. With all of the hoopla regarding the Nov 2 midterms, the majority of the incumbents were reelected. The Senate does even better each cycle. Why should the politicians be responsive, if the public doesn't "vote the bums out."
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Middle Blue
What's a micro-bio?
08:08 PM on 12/15/2010
*fanned

Have a look, George Carlin on voters...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIraCchPDhk&feature=related
08:49 PM on 12/15/2010
Thanks for the link. RIP George Carlin.
DaveAscone
Senator Bernie Sanders speaks for me!
03:58 AM on 12/16/2010
AWESOME link! Thank you Middle Blue! I needed a good laugh!

George Carlin was my all-time favorite!
09:01 PM on 12/15/2010
To a certain extent you are right, but considering the costs of running for office these days, hardly anyone but the bums can afford to run. So the public, generally asked to choose between bums, finds little reason to go to the polls. Money has turned politics into largely a closed circle that is mostly about how to divide the pie amongst themselves, not about giving the ordinary American a slice. He may supply the pie his rulers divide among themselves, but he is not sent an invitation to the table and he knows it.