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Jacqueline Novogratz

Jacqueline Novogratz

Posted: September 6, 2010 11:04 AM

Five days ago, the great river Indus continued its rush to the sea and flooded the plains of Thatta and Sujawal, towns located about 90 minutes outside of Karachi. Dr. Rashid Bhajwa hosted my husband, Chris Anderson, and me to visit the camps his organization is supporting there. Dr. Bhajwa, a thoughtful man in his mid-fifties with salt-and-pepper hair, a mustache and intelligent eyes, trained as a medical doctor. In 1992, he founded the National Resource Support Program (NRSP) to bring services to the poor across the country. Less than 20 years later, his nonprofit company employs 5,000 professionals, manages a $200 million budget and serves four million individuals.

We drive north along the old highway from Karachi to Lahore. The road is uneven; the colorful trucks, as big as buildings, are overstuffed with sugar cane and wheat and even rocks to such a degree that they look unreal. We pass ragged communities of people living in makeshift tents along the roads. 2010-09-06-pak1.jpg That there is any organization at all is extraordinary -- in the past four days, 650,000 individuals have left their homes and 100,000 houses have been lost. People were given a day's warning to evacuate, so most people were able to hold onto their belongings. I'm struck by how little they have even in good times: a roped bed, a few blankets, some pots and pans, a few items of clothing, maybe a cell phone, although I don't see a single one all day -- right now, they are too expensive to use.

We turn down a side road to arrive at a community of 100 tents situated in a circle. I've been prepared for the kinds of camps we've seen previously: hundreds of tarpaulins lined side by side and row by row with people sitting in their own abodes, rarely mingling. This community, in contrast, has been created on a human scale. The air feels fresh, and there is room for people to feel a greater sense of freedom. The tents, made by Shelter Box (and donated by Rotary Club), are made of nylon, dome-shaped with double layers for insulation and zippered windows and doors. Rotary pays a high price for each -- about $250 -- but the privacy, coolness and safety from the poisonous snakes that have come out in force communicate a powerful sense of dignity. In some ways, these tents are a step up from the mud and thatched roof homes that were flooded. This plus the distribution of free food twice a day, the provision of clean water and the security of the community make some nervous that people will not want to go home. "We need to help transition people to a more self-sufficient, not less self sufficient state," says one of the men with us.

The circle formation of the tents seems to promote interaction among these temporary residents. Nearly everyone is outside, cooking, playing or just sitting and watching the world. And people were able to bring their animals, which now constitute almost their only wealth. Most have constructed shelters for their cattle, goats and chickens. Perhaps this feeling of security in knowing at least some wealth is preserved counts more than any other reason for an entirely different feeling in the air.

We meet a slender woman dressed in tans and pinks, squatting on a piece of cardboard beside her stove built over three big rocks, cooking chapattis among pots and metal dishes. She rolls the dough into balls, flattens them into a large circle, and cooks them with just the right amount of oil so that they are golden brown. It is the first time in the past few days that I've seen a woman cooking for her own family: again, dignity. Although her mud and thatched house is underwater, she's now safe with the total of her meager belongings, all six of her children, the family's animals and some sense of normalcy.

A few doors down, we meet Nazreen, an older, tribal, bright-eyed woman with flecks of gray in her hair. She has made a broom out of twigs and is sweeping the area outside her tent. Her black-and-white dress is beautifully embroidered and she exudes a sense of confidence and strength that would make her stand out anywhere, but especially among a traumatized community. 2010-09-06-nasreen.jpg "Why are you cleaning?" we ask. "What else should I do?" she says with sweet defiance. "This is our home for now, and I will do what is needed."

"What does your husband do?" I ask, and she says she's a widow. Her family owns a bit of land, and her eldest two children, a daughter and son, grow sugar cane and sell it for income. I ask what she needs now, and she answers, "light." Did she have light in the village before the floods? I asked. "No" is her honest answer.

I dare to ask her whether she feels hope, this salt-of-the-earth woman with a seemingly indomitable spirit. It is as if a cloud descends. "For what can I hope?" she answers quietly. "We have lost everything. What good can come now?"

More images: Two newborn goats tied beneath a shelter behind the tents. An old man with a dark green cap cares for his cow. A young twig of boy with a big stick holds a poisonous snake he's just killed -- children gather around him with fear and fascination. An elderly imam sits quietly outside his tent on a small prayer rug.

Here is a slender child in a turquoise shalwar with a red scarf on her head, carrying her little brother. There is a ten-year-old beauty in a blue shalwar -- she uses her purple scarf to hide her shy laughter when I tease her with my camera. 2010-09-06-pak3.jpg Here is a tiny girl with a pierced nose and a tribal shawl fringed with brightly colored tassels. I want to know what they dream about, these children of God who share a sense of grace and joy despite having lost their homes and part of their childhoods.

A friend, Adnan Asdar, shows up with a bag containing a soccer ball, several cans of tennis balls and a cricket bat. Chris, Dr. Bhajwa and I all cheer, but the children seem not to know what to make of it. They look on shyly with little response to Dr. Bhajwa's offer of the ball.

Dr. Bhajwa finally chooses an older boy to bowl the tennis ball while he stands at bat. The boy throws the ball like a baseball, and Adnan tells me it is a crime for a Pakistani not to know how to play cricket, but these kids are so isolated they may never have seen a game. 2010-09-06-cricket.jpg Dr. Bhajwa is talented. He can hit whatever balls come his way, and now the other children in the camp start to gather around. Chris gives a quick lesson to the bowler, and we're all laughing and cheering. The camp is transformed, at least for a moment.

As we leave, the men come in from the field with a long line of cows. The imam continues to sit with a peaceful gaze. The women cook. The camp leader gathers the bag of sporting equipment to put away for a while although Dr. Bhajwa promises to check that he's organizing the kids at least twice daily. There are definitely better ways to design a camp, and this is one of them. Obviously, there is no perfect model when 20 million people lose their homes, and we've seen many different styles and approached. Indeed, I'd be interested in a paper or talk on "The Best Design Practices for Refugee Camps." Instead, you can't help but get the sense that there is little sharing of lessons and enormously divergent approaches based on what donors give and not always on what people most need. Traumatized communities -- all of us, really -- deserve better than that.

 
Five days ago, the great river Indus continued its rush to the sea and flooded the plains of Thatta and Sujawal, towns located about 90 minutes outside of Karachi. Dr. Rashid Bhajwa hosted my husb...
Five days ago, the great river Indus continued its rush to the sea and flooded the plains of Thatta and Sujawal, towns located about 90 minutes outside of Karachi. Dr. Rashid Bhajwa hosted my husb...
 
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04:21 PM on 09/07/2010
During the 1906 earthquake in SF they built small cabins.
03:04 PM on 09/07/2010
Jacqueline­,
In my experience with emergencie­s, UN has this system of 'clusters coordinati­on' under the 'one response' theme (http://one­response.i­nfo/Pages/­default.as­px) where by the spher and other minimal standards starts playing the moment emergency is declared in case of any human or natural disaster. Under that they have each and every thing defined right from lay out, tent pitching, water & sanitation­s, peace and harmoney in community to district based, province based, nationa and evern internatio­nal coordinati­on clusters. All these guidelines implies to government declared registered camps.
So if you visit a declared and register camp being run by governemen­t and supported by UN, you would see the difference­- at least the minimum standards would likely be in place there. Most of the time people and organizati­ons do open up small camps at their own for varied reason which do not necessaril­y follow those guidelines­.
In my opinion given the impression and reputation of government if independen­t organizati­ons or individual­s do not want to work with them, they should at least attend the cluster meetings and refer to the guidelines so as to ensure minimum standards are met for the good well of affected people. I have found them really helpful and benefecial­.
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01:38 PM on 09/07/2010
Great! What do they do when winter comes?
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Idean Salehyan
Associate Professor of Political Science, Universi
09:38 AM on 09/07/2010
People can be extremely resilient, even in the face of extreme adversity. This is a great glimpse into the lives of people who need hope in difficult times. However, while it is vitally important for outsiders to give what they can in this time of need, it is a shame that the Pakistani government has been too busy with internal bickering and external saber-ratt­ling to provide basic services to its people.
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RichardWalden
President & CEO, Operation USA,a Los Angeles-based
05:30 AM on 09/07/2010
Yes, Jacqueline­, there in fact was a small conference at the Ford Foundation earlier this year co-hosted with Operation USA (www.opusa.­org). You are exactly onto something which concerns those of us who go back as far as 1979 and the 900,000 Cambodian refugees along the Thailad border; and 250,000 on the Thai-Burma border; and, 200,000 on the Thai-Laos border. After seguing from there to east Africa in the mid-1980s.­..well you understand that the Standard Operating Procedures for setting up refugee or IDP camps are unsatisfyi­ng at best. That's why we held the first of several meetings. Contact Nimmi Gowrinatha­n at Operation USA for more. Good post! Richard Walden
12:55 AM on 09/07/2010
Jacqueline Novogratz, you really go to the nitty gritty of setting up living conditions for people who have lost everything­.

But even beyond that, you wonderousl­y tread where other journalist­s do not tread and that is humanizing Pakistani people. Most articles on Pakistan nowadays dwell upon how bad Pakistani people are, mostly because of the terrorism issue.

You see and make us see the beauty in these people. And that people are people wherever they are, be it in Pakistan or America.

You are a very beautiful person indeed...
09:34 PM on 09/06/2010
This is a great article, highlighti­ng a simple and FREE way in which we can help transition masses of traumatize­d people into a situation of normalcy and re-establi­shment of community. Free. It does not cost more money to set up people's new homes in a way that is conducive to community building and a sense of safety.
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Cameron Sinclair
01:13 PM on 09/06/2010
Thanks for the article. The Sphere Guidelines (for refugee shelters and clusters) have been developed in Europe over the past decade. The shelter project, out of Cambridge University­, has really taken the lead in this arena. The camp you visited is unusual given the scale, only 100 tents. Personally I feel this is an ideal situation but as soon as you hit critical mass of 1000 families the spread of diseases, especially waterborne­, becomes a massive issue.

The reality is that most establishe­d camps can last around 9 years, so long term planning needs to be thought about during initial layouts. Unfortunat­ely there has never been proper integratio­n of basic services or education/­health services in an equitable way. We've been trying to do pre-emptiv­e work around this but as you are well aware funding only becomes available AFTER a disaster. In a western setting we battled with FEMA to put transition­al services into the trailer camps.

We talked about camp design in Design Like You Give A Damn and I can pull a bunch of contacts for you.

Cheers,
Cameron
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Richard Pearce
Atheistic-agnostic Canadian polymath
06:06 PM on 09/06/2010
I wonder, is there much cross-talk between the Sphere project and the groups trying to change urban planning to make cities more liveable? There should be a lot of commonalit­ies and insights that both groups share.
11:02 PM on 09/06/2010
Thanks Cameron. We actually saw a few camps with 100 tents (though we also saw a few with 150-200) - and it does make a difference­. I look forward to talking to you - and to thinking more about how we all help with reconstruc­tion in ways that are truly sustainabl­e and scalable..­..Warmest, Jacqueline
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RichardWalden
President & CEO, Operation USA,a Los Angeles-based
05:39 AM on 09/07/2010
That's why the Ford Foundation and Operation USA held a preliminar­y meeting of way too few experts in refugees, IDPs, design, engineerin­g, etc....jus­t to get a structure for a conversati­on leading to the developmen­t of better approaches to temp and permanent housing and it was the day before the late March UN donors conference on Haiti--at which (speaking of the UN Conf) NGOs were not invited...­.I believe the Red Cross, Intreracti­on and a European Consortium were the only ones allowed in the room officially (and I was in the cheap seats watching with my UN building pass).
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Cameron Sinclair
02:08 PM on 09/07/2010
Our focus in Pakistan is looking at transition­al to permanent structures and have already built a couple of winterized housing units (developed from the Kashmir quake). The Karachi team is looking at rebuilding a couple of villages with the Karachi Relief Trust and we're bringing in more of those nifty tents you saw.

Let's talk in Mexico later this month.
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richnerd
62 year-old goat herder
12:33 PM on 09/06/2010
Maybe we should get Martha Stewart working on that when her schedule opens up a little.
04:25 PM on 09/07/2010
Frankly, you're on the right track. Once you have the immediate need of shelter and safety you have to address the psychologi­cal need of longterm recovery. Designing a community instead of just a camp is a worthy goal. Inside the home as well as the surroundin­gs outside go along way in creating an atmosphere that empowers instead of enables.