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James Peron

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F.A. Hayek Against the Conservative

Posted: 08/17/11 01:06 PM ET

Glenn Beck told his audience that Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom was the "best thing you can read." The book shot up the Amazon bestseller list instantly as Beck's cult-like followers rushed out to buy it.

Beck was unaware that Hayek's friend, and sometimes sparing partner, John Maynard Keynes, also called it a "grand book" and said he found himself "in agreement with virtually the whole of it; and not only in agreement with it, but in deeply moved agreement." The New York Times said this book, by the Nobel Prize winning economist, is one of the staples of the conservative Tea Party movement.

The Tea Party and Glenn Beck would do well to educate themselves as to Hayek's actual view in his essay, "Why I Am Not a Conservative."

Conservatives concentrate on Hayek's opposition to state socialism, but have little understanding of his radical classical liberal ideas and ignore his opposition to conservatism.

Hayek saw himself as a liberal, in the classical sense of the word. And, while Keynes differed greatly from Hayek's views on economics, Keynes saw himself in the same ideological camp as his friend.

Hayek was "not averse to evolution and change" and said that when "spontaneous change has been smothered by government control, it [liberalism] wants a great deal of change." This, he argued, was in conflict with the "conservative attitude" which was a "fear of change, a timid distrust of the new as such." Hayek said his position "is based on courage and confidence, on a preparedness to let change run its course even if we cannot predict where it will lead."

Conservatives focus on Hayek's distrust of centrally imposed, top-down change. Meagan McArdle, for instance, invoked Hayekian theory to claim, "changing the explicitly gendered nature of marriage... might be accidentally cutting away something that turns out to be a crucial underpinning." This confuses Hayek's opposition to imposed change with opposition to all change. Hayek's view was that for a new social order, or social rules, "To become legitimized... [they] have to obtain the approval of society at large -- not by a formal vote, but by gradually spreading acceptance," much the way that same-sex marriage has gained support. This is particularly true when the change recognizes a "conflict between a given rule and the rest of our moral beliefs." Then we "can justify our rejection of an established rule." For example, when denying same-sex couples the right to marry conflicts with our acceptance of equality of rights before the law, we can justify changing the laws on marriage according to Hayek's insights.

Hayek warned that conservatives, however, "are inclined to use the powers of government to prevent change or to limit its rates to whatever appeals to the more timid mind."

Another difference between Hayek and conservatives is he saw order emerging from voluntary interactions of people, while "Order appears to the conservative as the result of the continuous attention to authority." The conservative, he said "feels safe and content only if he is assured that some higher wisdom watches and supervises change, only if he knows that some authority is charged with keeping the change 'orderly.'"

Hayek believed in the rule of law, with government powers strictly limited to general rules of social order. Contrast this with a conservative who "does not object to coercion or arbitrary power so long as it is used for what he regards as the right purposes. He believes that if government is in the hands of decent men, it ought not be too much restricted by rigid rules." Hayek warned that the conservative is "less concerned with the problem of how the powers of government should be limited than with that of who wields them" and said "he regards himself as entitled to force the value he holds on other people."

Hayek saw conservatives as lacking principles but not "moral conviction." He wrote, "The conservative is indeed usually a man of very strong moral convictions," but "has no political principles which enable him to work with people whose moral values differ from his own for a political order in which both can obey their convictions." Hayek's liberal social order allows people of differing convictions the freedom to pursue their own values. The joking response to conservatives, "If you don't like gay marriage, don't get gay married," actually encapsulates Hayek's view of a liberal society, which allows people of different views the freedom to pursue their own values. Those who oppose erotica are free to NOT buy it, those who oppose abortion are free to shun abortions, those who oppose gay marriage don't have to get gay married!

It is here that Hayek's liberalism is most clearly in opposition to both conservatism and socialism. "I sometimes feel that the most conspicuous attribute of liberalism that distinguishes it as much from conservatism as from socialism is the view that moral beliefs concerning matters of conduct which do not directly interfere with the protected sphere of other persons do not justify coercion."

Conservatives invoke supernatural claims to justify intransigent opposition to change, not so with Hayekian liberals.

"The liberal differs from the conservative in his willingness to face [human] ignorance and to admit how little we know, without claiming the authority of supernatural forces of knowledge where his reason fails him. It has to be admitted that in some respects the liberal is fundamentally a skeptic -- but it seems to require a certain degree of diffidence to let others seek their happiness in their own fashion and to adhere consistently to that tolerance which is an essential characteristic of liberalism."

Hayek's wrote, "What distinguishes the liberal from the conservative here is that, however profound his own spiritual beliefs, he will never regard himself as entitled to impose them on others and that for him the spiritual and the temporal are different spheres which ought not to be confused."

Hayek never feared evolutionary change in society, nor believed religious values sufficient reason for using power of the state to prevent change. Hayek, the intransigent opponent of socialism that Beck and conservatives admire, also saw himself equally opposed to their conservative agenda, something conservatives ignore at their peril. More confusing for these so-called admirers of Hayek would be the fact that Hayek opposed their conservative agenda for precisely the same reasons he opposed socialism. But that, I suspect, is a brew too strong for the so-called Tea Party.

 
 
 
Glenn Beck told his audience that Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom was the "best thing you can read." The book shot up the Amazon bestseller list instantly as Beck's cult-like followers rushed ou...
Glenn Beck told his audience that Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom was the "best thing you can read." The book shot up the Amazon bestseller list instantly as Beck's cult-like followers rushed ou...
 
 
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09:22 AM on 08/28/2011
This demonizing of Glenn Beck and his alleged "conservative agenda" is pretty silly. Sure, by no means is he a pure libertarian or even a pure classical liberal. I'd say his is a basically religious person putting faith over reason in much of his philosophy, but American conservatism has a large dash of classical liberalism/libertarianism because of America's founding and founding documents. So conservatives seem adamant against change on a few issues like abortion and gay marriage and vice laws. But, by tradition, conservatives support the wide swaths of liberty that are "traditional" in America while PROGRESSIVES want to SHUTDOWN much of that liberty. Focusing on abortion as a bell weather can lead you astray, because if it is murder, the conservatives are right. True, the conservatives "anti-vice" mentality is a grave waste of time, money, and corrossive to all individual rights in the name of police power. Back to my point: Glenn Beck is a relatively "libertarian" conservative.
12:59 PM on 08/27/2011
James Peron is spot on about Hayek's views, but he is mistaken in viewing them as opposite to the Tea Party's overriding agenda. While not a monolithic movement, Tea Party groups do consistently emphasize fiscal responsibility, constitutionally limited government, and free markets as their core values. Lumping them in with gay marriage opponents may be a popular caricature, but it's like saying apples are grapes: just because they're sometimes found on the same plate doesn't make them the same thing. I'm disappointed to see him spreading this misconception in an otherwise good article.
12:46 AM on 08/20/2011
I do think you make a good point, that top-down change is absolutely different than what might be more aptly called societal evolution. If more Republicans understood the difference, we wouldn't be in such danger of having Perry, Bachmann or Romney on the November ballot.
If more liberals understood it, they wouldn't feel the need to have their position subsidized by government, resulting in an unbalanced society that breeds hatred and distrust among those who ought to just be able to disagree but get along otherwise. Without financial pressure from above, the best way to do things would naturally emerge for most people.
And just to make this post complete, Vote for Ron Paul!
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Michael Ruiz
01:52 AM on 08/19/2011
Glenn Beck and all these other so called Tea Party conservatives are all just an attempt to infiltrate a movement by the Establishment.

Ron Paul is the real Deal. He admired and studied Hayek. I think he actually had dinner with him on one occasion. I heard Ron say in an interview it was one of his greatest memories. Point is, That a lot of Liberals are starting to find he makes a lot of sense. Kind of how Keynes agreed with a lot of Hayek.

Ron Paul 2012!
09:12 AM on 08/18/2011
Three cheers and a tiger to Mr. Peron! As a reader and fan (if that's an appropriate description) of Hayek's thought, I thought Mr. Peon's comments hit the target. Hayek, like many libertarians and
Burkean liberals, differed from "liberals" who wanted to liberate the bedroom and regulate the boardroom. He also differed from "conservatives" who want to regualte the bedroom and liberate the boardroom. Like Hayek, I believe that, apart from obvious violations fo the rule of law, in regulating neither and liberating both!
08:27 AM on 08/18/2011
And then, there's this:

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/17/opinion/crashing-the-tea-party.html
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Charles Fortner
Every man a king, but nobody wears a crown.
09:42 AM on 08/18/2011
Important article. Thank you very much. It is impossible to reason with people who operate from a position of non-reason, or faith. What I am not seeing matched with the indisputably correct analysis of the sort in this article is the eternal question: "What Is To Be Done"? I feel most people, even on the left, lack the resources and/or time to inform themselves adequately on the issues to fit them with the mental ammunition to confront the true believer. It must be done, whether in online forums or face to face. Ryan Lizza's article on Bachmann in the New Yorker does provide some basis for people who have the leisure to educate themselves further. Frank Schaeffer, whose father, Francis Schaeffer was perhaps the most cerebral of conservative christians wrote an analysis of history which lays out much of the fundamental "philosophy" of the movement. Frank, as a young man, produced a series of 10 films, which are available on youtube, illustrating his father's teaching (How Should We Then Live?) Frank has since abandoned the evangelical movement. Several of his are pieces are available on HP-there ought be more as he has come out opposing the CC movement powerfully, Watching the videos is taxing, they're rather ponderous, and amateurish. But they give the layman insight into the basic mindset and vocabulary of the various movements. I cannot reccommend viewing the series highly enough.
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Charles Fortner
Every man a king, but nobody wears a crown.
09:51 AM on 08/18/2011
When I first read Francis Schaeffer's "How Should We Then Live" I had a vague sense of uneasiness but wasn't able to way how I disagreed. After all these years I now do. Bachmann in particular, and to a lesser extent the rest of the crop of politically active fundamentalists. Considered Schaeffer their inspiration. Palin and Perry have allied themselves with the radical charismatic wing of the movement. They are less inclined to reason of any sort. They do not believe that the authority of scripture takes precedence over the direct experience of people like prophets and apostles in the Seven Mountains movement. It's sort of like the difference between Meister Eckhart and perhaps Ausustine. Whether or not one is a Christian (and I am not) you can learn to make them fall on their own sword.
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CSDofNM
I speak lolcat
04:02 AM on 08/18/2011
Thanks, James, for a wonderful, enlightening post.
03:37 AM on 08/18/2011
Nine times out of ten times when you make a classical liberal/libertarian perspective comment to an article on the HP, you will be labeled a conservative (actually, you are called a right-wing nut or something to that effect). It is extremely irritating, and I hope your article can help educate HP readers.
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James Peron
04:05 AM on 08/18/2011
I do think that 9 times out time (not precisely of course) a classical liberal view will be confused with a conservative view. But, in my experience, in 8 out of 10 of those cases it is because the classical liberal either explains himself badly or does a passible imitation of a conservative. If the error rate is so high, it is more likely the speaker who is miscommunicating and not the reader's fault. I find a lot of classical liberals make conservative arguments without realizing it. They concentrate on irrelevant issues which conservatives tend to harp about and ignore the real substance at stake. Yes, I hope this corrects some misconceptions but I'd really like to see classical liberals do a better job of explaining themselves.
01:40 PM on 08/18/2011
I think you'll find that people on fox or other conservative sites who are classical liberals will be misidentified as liberals.

A classical liberal commenter is going to usually argue against some point in an article. That would usually put them arguing against a liberal point on HP and a conservative on fox.

Some classical liberal views are going to line up with liberal views and some with conservative. That is not the part that annoys me. What annoys me is that you immediately get lumped in with all liberals or all conservatives depending on who you are arguing with. That is the reader's fault.

I think most classical liberals do realize which of their arguments align with conservative ones or liberal ones. The reader should be addressing the comment, not trying to pigeon hole the commenter. Even when a classical liberal makes arguments aligning with neither liberal or conservatives, most readers make an unwarranted assumption depending on their own views.

There is not enough time or space for classical liberals to explain classical liberalism in these posts.
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01:39 AM on 08/18/2011
The biggest issue with American conservatives like Glenn and his followers is that they want to use Friedrich Hayek writings to create their own image in Hayek name and NOT what Hayek would create conservatives in his own image. It is no different than how they constantly use the bible to create their own image in God name but not realizing that "God created human beings in his own image" (Genesis 1:27).

Bottom line, they will use anything to support their beliefs however flaw. It is no different than the Nazi Germany or Stalinist Soviet Union indoctrination.
kmichal2000
just netflix Burzynski
12:59 AM on 08/18/2011
Ayn Rand also was against "conservatives" of her day.
This is no way validates current liberal/progressive/socialist views.
10:47 PM on 08/17/2011
If you read Hayek's work his use of the term is of the Classical Liberal variety not the modern American Liberal. He was declaring his distance from Conservatives of his day which still meant mostly upholding the status quo in both language and the political lexicon. It mostly referred to those who still supported the ideas of aristocracy which you would be hard pressed to find any modern Conservative supporting.
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James Peron
12:22 AM on 08/18/2011
Hayek's critique, if you read it, has nothing to do with conservatives defending aristocracy. It would be odd that a book published in the 1960s had that as a concern. His points of disagreement with conservatives had to do with their fear of change, their nationalism, their desire to impose religious morality on others, there inability to work with people of differing value systems, their similarities to state socialists in their willingness to use state power to coerce others, and issues like this. If you read his essay there is nothing about aristocracy, which simply was NOT an issue during the period that Hayek wrote the book and published it.
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solid
Just North of the Center Independent
09:04 AM on 08/18/2011
Sounds pretty much like the run of the mill conservative of today.
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Jim Pasterczyk
Banned!
12:50 AM on 08/18/2011
Yeah well conservatism has changed in meaning over the years too, dearie. Nowadays it is adherence to a particular set of positions on social and business matters and enforcing them on all via the national government. It used to mean incrementalism based on firm facts and truths.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
10:46 PM on 08/17/2011
Good post. Beck is a deceiver, worse than a liar.

The founders were Locke liberals fighting against the Burke conservative 1000 richest families and their multinational British Empire, just the opposite of what Beck taught.
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Mike Cofta
09:41 PM on 08/17/2011
...a conservative today would not have much in common with a conservative of 100 years ago and likewise, today's liberals would not have much in common with libs of a century past. Mr. Hayek is a touchstone to me, for his economic truths only
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sloyd
Return to original Republicanism to save America
10:29 PM on 08/17/2011
I myself do not see eye to eye with many of todays Conservatives, but I do see myself as of the same mindset of a Conservative 200 years ago, even the Conservatives of a hundred years ago were not of the same ideology of those a hundred years prior.
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James Peron
12:25 AM on 08/18/2011
Conservatives of 200 years ago supported monarchy, the combination of church and state, didn't think women had the same rights as men, tended to support slavery, didn't believe in a competitive market order, but one of monopoly privilege established by the crown, they were happy to imprison or execute gay people, though all non-whites inferior, believed land ownership should be limited to an aristocracy, were opposed to freedom of speech, didn't believe that most people should have the right to vote, etc. Do you really see yourself of that mindset?
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
10:49 PM on 08/17/2011
Wrong. Today's anti republic conservatives are true to Burke's vision of conserving the rule by the rich. Today's real liberals, Kucinich and the CPC progressives Caucus are true to the Locke liberal founders vision of a citizens democratic Republic.

Ike was the last good GOP or conservatives, because he really was an FDR liberal.

Do these quotes sound conservative to you?

James Madison 
"History records that the money changers have used every form of abuse, intrigue, deceit, and violent means possible to maintain their control over government­­s by controllin­­g money and it's issuance."

"When economic power became concentrat­­ed in a few hands, then political power flowed to those possessors and away from the citizens, ultimately resulting in an oligarchy or tyranny." John Adams

"As riches increase and accumulate in few hands . . . the tendency of things will be to depart from the republican standard." Alexander Hamilton

"I hope we shall . . . crush in [its] birth the aristocrac­­y of our monied corporatio­­ns." Thomas Jefferson
kmichal2000
just netflix Burzynski
01:07 AM on 08/18/2011
"Do these quotes sound conservati­ve to you?"

They read like something Ron Paul would write.
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CroatianCritter
is keeping people honest
09:29 PM on 08/17/2011
Hayek was a true LIBERAL (Not Roosevelt) and was an active advocate for the real meaning of liberalism. Hayek's ideas were never accepted because you have to understand the whole purpose of government. Government's purpose is to grow its power. This is fundamentally opposed to Hayek's beliefs and also explains why John Maynard Keynes' economic philosophy took off (Which we are seeing the end days to right now). Hayek has been claimed by the libertarians in which I am one. We also claim pro-freedom writers like Murray Rothbard and Ludwig Von Mises. It is good to see people on this website finally coming to grips with these fantastic writers/economists. There is plenty of room on the bus for you all. If you believe in the ideas of Hayek, there is someone you can vote for. Ron Paul believes the same things.
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lodger16x
10:34 PM on 08/17/2011
Isn't the goal of a corporation to "grow its power"?  Aren't our wealthiest individuals and corporations buying government to increase their power? There is not a clean and clear distinction between the private and public sectors, if there ever was.
kmichal2000
just netflix Burzynski
01:05 AM on 08/18/2011
"Isn't the goal of a corporatio­n to "grow its power"?"

Nope. It's to grow its profits. What makes corporations powerless is that it relies on its customers who can always go somewhere else. That's assuming of course that the GOV didn't grant it monopoly powers or helped it out by enacting laws that hurt their competitors. That scenario is another reason why gov should not be allowed to micromanage our economy.
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Writeonwater
Let's be critical of rhetoric
09:27 PM on 08/17/2011
To begin a quote from Hayek,

“A conservative movement, by its very nature, is bound to be a defender of established privilege and to lean on the power of the government for the protection of privilege. The essence of the liberal position, however, is the denial of all privilege, if privilege is understood in its proper and original meaning of the state granting and protecting rights to some which are not available on equal terms to others.â€

I find it curious that, of all people, Glen Beck calls attention to -->

1) F.A. Hayek (free market is not a license for monopoly which Hayek thought as dangerous as socialism)

2) Thomas Paine (one of the US founding fathers).

The liberal work of both seems so incompatible with GB, particularly his bible talk. (Thomas Paine - The Age of Reason, exposé of the Bible with the Bible)

I am glad that GB is, perhaps inadvertently, calling attention to those who expose his fallacies. If GB arguments are accepted by an unthinking audience that don’t read then the names of the greatest defenders of Liberty are usurped to support conservative dogmatism in favor of monopoly.

BTW Hayek published his correspondence and contention with JM Keynes. Two great minds disagreeing civilly and feeding each others thoughts. The advantage of criticism is error elimination.
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Charles Fortner
Every man a king, but nobody wears a crown.
10:48 AM on 08/18/2011
Fanned. Thank you for bringing up the Age of Reason (part II) it destroys fundamentalist christianity root and fruit. Paine's Agrarian Justice is more radical than Marx. In defense of Marx I should say I think he gives an analysis of how capital works and does not establish an economic system to be followed lik instructions for building a model airplane.
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Writeonwater
Let's be critical of rhetoric
12:33 PM on 08/18/2011
Thanks Charles,

Perhaps you are aware that Paine wrote The Age of Reason 1 in France and dropped it off at the publisher on his way to prison during the French Revolution. He waited till what he thought was the end of his life to publish it. He did not die on the Guillotine (oddly due to a fever) and wrote the The Age of Reason 2 as a response to critics. The first one he did not have a bible and did it all from memory (he was raised a Quaker.)

Regarding Marx, Have you read Karl Poppers - Enemies of the Open Society 1 + 2 It is perhaps the most critical expose of subtitles in Marx particularly pseudo-science. Penetrating simple logic. I find Popper as engaging if not more than Paine. That is not to say that Marx was not trying to solve a very real problem. His solution was historicisism masquerading as science.