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Predicting the Presidential Election: 2012

Posted: 01/07/12 10:51 AM ET

Amidst all the fuss about President Obama's sagging poll numbers, the struggling U.S. economy, and "who's up and who's down" in the Republican presidential primary contest, American University professor Allan Lichtman has issued his "sure fire" prediction for the outcome of the November 2012 election.

Lichtman is no crystal ball gazer. His predictions are based on a formula he developed in 1981 in collaboration with a Russian geophysicist, who had previously specialized in creating models used to forecast earthquakes. Their approach was based on a thorough analysis of the forces at work in shaping the political landscape in every U.S. presidential elections from 1860 to 1980. From this examination they developed their predictive model. And since then, Lichtman has used it to correctly forecast the outcome of every election from 1984 through 2008.

Instead of looking at polling numbers which show a snapshot of public opinion at a point in time, Lichtman analyzes macro trends in the economy and the society, viewing them as if they were tectonic plates whose shifting below the surface have the ability to create rumblings that can alter the political landscape. He identified 13 such indicators and calls them the "13 Keys to the Presidency."

According to Lichtman, if the incumbent party (that is, the political party that is currently in the White House) can claim eight of the "13 Keys," then they can be assured of victory in the next election. If, on the other hand, they hold seven or less, they are headed for defeat.

The "13 Keys" (with some explanatory notes) are:

1. Incumbent-party mandate: In the last congressional election, the incumbent party increased its seats in the U.S. House of Representatives.

2. Nomination-contest: There is no serious contest for the incumbent-party nomination (as Carter faced from Senator Edward Kennedy in 1980).

3. Incumbency: The incumbent-party candidate is the sitting president.

4. Third party: There is no significant third-party challenge (which can be seen to garner at least 5 percent of the vote -- as was the case in 1992 when Ross Perot won 19 percent, helping Clinton defeat Bush).

5. Short-term economy: The economy is not currently in a recession.

6. Long-term economy: Real annual per-capita economic growth is equal to or greater than it was during the past two terms.

7. Policy change: The incumbent administration effects major changes in national policy.

8. Social unrest: There is no sustained social unrest (of the magnitude of the civil rights and anti-Vietnam movements).

9. Scandal: The incumbent administration is untainted by a major scandal (like Watergate or the Clinton impeachment).

10. Foreign or military failure: The incumbent administration suffers no major failure in foreign or military affairs (like Vietnam or the Iran hostage crisis in 1980).

11. Foreign or military success: The incumbent administration achieves a major success in foreign or military affairs (such as winning World War II).

12. Incumbent charisma: The incumbent-party candidate is charismatic or a national hero (much like Eisenhower in 1952 or Obama in 2008).

13. Challenger charisma: The challenging-party candidate is not charismatic or a national hero (as Reagan was in 1980).

At the end of December 2011, I hosted Lichtman on my TV show, Viewpoint, where he issued his "one year before the election" prediction. According to Lichtman, the only three "Keys" which President Obama has definitely lost, to date, are #1, #6 and #12. Democrats clearly suffered significant losses in the 2010 mid-term elections (Key #1); the economy will not recover sufficiently to mark an increase in per capita income (Key #6); and while Obama was a charismatic figure in 2008, his aura has diminished and will not be a major factor in his favor in 2012 (Key #12). That makes three "Keys" gone. In addition, there are a few that are questionable, namely: Key #10 and Key #11 -- since it is not clear that killing bin Laden or the withdrawal from Iraq will be seen as "victories," or, conversely, that instability in Iraq and Afghanistan or a dreaded future terrorist attack will constitute a "foreign policy failure."

Nevertheless, this still leaves a maximum of 10 "Keys" and a minimum of eight "Keys" in the president's favor, enough for Lichtman, who has never been wrong, to confidently predict Obama's reelection in November.

To watch the segment of "Viewpoint" and hear Lichtman's full analysis click here.

 

Follow James Zogby on Twitter: www.twitter.com/AAIUSA

Amidst all the fuss about President Obama's sagging poll numbers, the struggling U.S. economy, and "who's up and who's down" in the Republican presidential primary contest, American University profess...
Amidst all the fuss about President Obama's sagging poll numbers, the struggling U.S. economy, and "who's up and who's down" in the Republican presidential primary contest, American University profess...
 
 
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07:44 PM on 03/06/2012
look, i think obama will be the president just to the view points.
1. the military killed osama
2. unemployment down below 8.5%
3. people started to buy house again and economy is getting better
4. hes black, lol
04:50 PM on 02/01/2012
I'd say 11 goes to Obama...seriously, with the amount of military resources poured into "getting" Osama, and the freaking midnight parade that occurred when the news broke.You could turn on any channel (even Fox) and see people swinging from street lights over this military triumph.

If that wasn't enough then the dramatic increase in the US's global reputation, and ability to persuade/convince other nations towards our vision could also be seen as a success.

Not to mention al-Qaeda is broken, and we've wrapped up 2 wars, or at least the occupancy phase of them, which is phase that protesters usually have fun with.

Anyway. I am a man of my own politics, I do not subscribe to Democratic or Republican ideologies, I can think for myself!

I do see Obama with a significant victory, he has been a great president in many ways. There are a few things that I do have significant worries about such as the NDAA and PIPA and SOPA, and of course the economy in general. However, I'd rather have to negotiate and protest these things then endure the Republican parties fear-mongering, ignorance-inducing, lying, manipulation, deregulation, rich-catering, middle class destroying, poor-loathing crap.
12:56 AM on 02/26/2012
RIGHT ON!
01:37 PM on 01/09/2012
At this time, the only political news relates to the various GOP candidates trying to outdo each other in bashing Obama.

When any single GOP candidate runs against Obama, the differences in substance, style, personality, charisma, intelligence and vision for the country will be quite stark, no matter who the candidate is.

And whatever false narrative the GOP and the right wing echo chamber tries, will be corrected and countered effectively by Obama's team...and they'll certainly have the resources and talent to accomplish that.
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DocJoseph
A bleeding heart will heal; a cold heart will not
01:18 PM on 01/09/2012
Perception is more important than reality in politics. With Republicans constantly calling Obama a "failure", it could wipe out quite a few keys.

A lie, oft repeated, does not become truth, but it may not matter.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Just logic
11:58 AM on 01/09/2012
What is this? Did this guy who predicted read his own list? 1, 6 and 12 nobody is gonna argue with that. But what about 4, 5, 7, 8, 11? Anybody that predicts who is gonna win before the GOP is even nominated and a year before the vote just lost all credibility.
08:51 AM on 01/09/2012
But the revolutionary Americans Elect COULD come up with a candidate who gets more than 5% of the vote. Looks like a GO, unless the 2 parties somehow file a legal challenge that derails it. I believe that especially if Donald Trump runs on AE, will give so much publicity that reaches the generally non-political public, could be hugely successful in people signing on both for and against Trump.

Buddy Roemer is already declaring he will run, and he's a far better candidate than say, Santorum or Gingrich in terms of populism as well as background (4 terms in Congress, ex-gov of Louisiana, MBA from Harvard, a banker). My feeling is (and I get a bit paranoid about this) that the Board of Americans Elect really wants Jon Huntsman to be its star participant. In fact, I wonder if the reason they are NOT transparent about who their backers are is that one of the big ones is Huntsman's father who is a billionaire.
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Scoppertop
Sunny Side
08:25 AM on 01/09/2012
Reagan was a national hero? In the movies, perhaps. Should have used Eisenhower as the example.
08:56 AM on 01/09/2012
Ray Gun was charismatic, sho' nuff.
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DarkandStormyNight
My hoodie keeps me warm!
01:20 PM on 01/09/2012
He had a lot of people fooled with very expensive ads campaigns, divide and conquer politics and the moral majority behind him. He was and still is, by many considered to be the "great communicator" and the "Teflon man." The timeliness of his candidacy also pulled very angry dems (of a specific culture and gender) into voting for him (i.e. Reagan Democrats). My Grandfather was a staunch democrat up until then. He was a union foreman and believed in the cause. When he reached beyond retirement age, he started go get worried about his expenses. Reagan has players on his team that preyed on that fear and that's how he got into office. By today's standards, though, what he did was child's play compared to the tactics currently being used by the GOP and their candidates.
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Scoppertop
Sunny Side
10:35 AM on 01/10/2012
In other words, the GOP playbook never changes for the better. Thanks for your reply!
08:37 PM on 01/08/2012
While I think Obama will win re-election, I think the occupy movement qualifies as social unrest, even tho in its infancy.
12:58 AM on 02/26/2012
Except that Obama and Occupy are not necessarily at odds.. and .. it is peaceful..
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mamala4
02:44 PM on 01/08/2012
I'd bet $10,000.00 on an Obama win!
02:56 PM on 01/08/2012
Those odds will improve with each debate, either GOP or between the GOP candidate and Obama.
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mamala4
03:23 PM on 01/08/2012
:)
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DarkandStormyNight
My hoodie keeps me warm!
01:21 PM on 01/09/2012
Love the 10K reference.
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Lam56
Sic gloria transit Monday.
01:51 PM on 01/08/2012
I think this election will be similar to 2004; George Bush had a lot going against him, especially how badly things were going in Iraq, which was his idea. I and a lot of other people early in 2004 thought he was toast. But he ended up winning against Kerry. In a way, Romney reminds me a lot of Kerry. Here's hoping.
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DarkandStormyNight
My hoodie keeps me warm!
01:22 PM on 01/09/2012
I get what you're saying, but Romney is NO Kerry. Kerry didn't run the best campaign, but he was swiftboated right out of the race.
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lw1
Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!
07:42 PM on 01/09/2012
Lots of potential torpedoes for Romoney
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Lam56
Sic gloria transit Monday.
10:29 PM on 01/09/2012
In other words, the Obama campaign doesn't have it in them to shamelessly lie about an opponent.
mage
homemaker
01:09 PM on 01/08/2012
I give Obama #12, He is extremely Charismatic.
I also give him #10 and 11, Foreign military success..
That makes it 11 out of 13 for me.
02:58 PM on 01/08/2012
I actually think the losses in Congress in 2010 will play into Obama's favor. The teaparty obstructionists have not made too many Americans happy. That factor is in his favor if he continues to show the differences between Dems (and himself) and the GOP.
justobserve
Not left nor right or center. Just a free thinker!
11:52 AM on 01/08/2012
The most significant pointer is whether Obama's opponents are stronger but as it is, they are a bunch of jokes!
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Validusername
Caught in the thick of thin things
02:21 PM on 01/08/2012
Agreed. Watched the debate today and I have basically given up on all of them as a president who would not scare me to death. Even Huntsman loses me with his talk of embracing the Ryan plan. However, he is still the only candidate that won't keep me up nights.
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DarkandStormyNight
My hoodie keeps me warm!
01:27 PM on 01/09/2012
And voters need to be constantly reminded of what the Ryan plan entails and that he supports it.
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wonderYrednow
¿Y read backwards?
11:36 AM on 01/08/2012
I scored it 8 to 5 in our President's favor.
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dfvboulder
11:33 AM on 01/08/2012
Looks pretty rosy for Obama.

Unfortunately, the model is based on "normal" conditions. You know...when people are not crazed.

And people are crazed right now. All bets are off.
11:48 AM on 01/08/2012
Only one side of the political spectrum is crazed. Take that to the bank.
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DarkandStormyNight
My hoodie keeps me warm!
01:28 PM on 01/09/2012
And I would suggest that group is really not that big, they're just loud.
12:01 PM on 01/08/2012
People have been crazed before.
11:14 AM on 01/08/2012
Predictive models based upon the past do not take into account new dynamics. Differences in Kind vs ones of degree alter the underyling assumptions. I think we could be seeing shuch shifts. We are witnessing a shift in the human condition at the level of the Industrial revolution. And it will be our ox that is gored. I believe Obama will be reelected as the lesser of evils. Romney will likely be the Repub nominee but the only way he could win would be to run HARD to the middle and in doing so, alienate the right and a certain percentage of the population in the 20% range. This will set the stage for a third party. Our successful future can only exist in the middle with aspects of libertarianism, acknowledgement that we need business (on a shorter leash/jerked hard), and a recognition that the U.S. can no longer function all tactical all the time as in we need to strategically approach our future in a new world.

I'm just afraid we will have to have a crash and burn before we get there and then it might be too late. I believe the far right wants the crash and burn as their last chance to control A future...but not one I want to live in.
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budanatr
US Expat in EU
12:23 PM on 01/08/2012
Really well said. The right wing most certainly wants to crash and burn America to fulfill their long term goals of privitization and stealing the country blind.
03:08 PM on 01/08/2012
Oh that is only the tip of the iceberg and those wanting those simple things would quickly be disabused of their narrow interests. They want our soul...
06:23 PM on 01/08/2012
Both Republicans and Democrats are stealing this country blind. Too much reckless overspending by both. Neither will cut spending. Republicans want to take away from government benefits and increase military spending. Democrats want to do the opposite, but neither wants to cut the level of spending we have now.