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James Zogby

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The Partisan, Racial and Generational Divide: How We View Arabs and Muslims

Posted: 08/25/2012 12:08 pm

It is one thing for voters to be deeply divided on issues like health care, taxes and the role of government. These are matters of political philosophy that can and should be debated. But when I see the depth of the partisan, generational and racial divide on attitudes toward Arabs and Muslims, I become frightened, because at stake are the values we claim are central to our definition as a society.

A new jzanalytics poll reveals that Arabs, Muslims, Arab Americans and American Muslims have the highest overall unfavorable ratings and among the lowest favorable ratings of all the ethnic and religious groups covered in the survey. The poll, conducted for the Arab American Institute, found that while more than seven in ten American voters had favorable attitudes toward mainline Protestant denominations, Catholics and Jews, less than five in ten were positively inclined towards Arabs, Muslims, Arab Americans and American Muslims. In fact, Muslims were the only religion to receive a net unfavorable rating, with a score of 40 percent favorable/41 percent unfavorable.

Underlying these ratings is a deep partisan divide with the attitudes of Obama and Romney voters toward Arabs and Muslims being mirror reflections of each other. For example, while those Americans who say they intend to vote for Barack Obama give Arabs an 51 percent favorable/29 percent unfavorable rating and Muslims a 53 percent/29 percent rating, those who say they will vote for Mitt Romney give Arabs and Muslims ratings of 30 percent/50 percent and 25 percent/57 percent respectively.

On closer examination, this partisan divide is grounded in a generational and racial divide. Younger voters (from the ages of 18 to 29), whom my brother John Zogby refers to as "the first globals," give Arabs and Muslims 50/34 favorable/unfavorable rating and Muslims a 53/34 favorable/unfavorable rating. On the other hand, older voters (over 65), whom John calls "the private generation," give Arabs and Muslims much lower 26/39 and 30/48 favorable/unfavorable ratings, respectively. These ratios are matched by the gap between white and "minority" voters -- with, for example, only 38 percent of white voters viewing Arabs favorably, as opposed to 51 percent of African American, Hispanic, and Asian American voters who report having a favorable view of Arabs.

All of this has an impact on the acceptance on Arab Americans and American Muslims as full participants in American society. When asked to describe their attitude toward an Arab American appointed to a government post, 54 percent of Obama voters express confidence that an Arab American could do the job, with only 21 percent expressing the concern that Arab Americans would let "ethnic loyalty influence their decision-making." Among Romney voters, attitudes are exactly the reverse. And the assessment given to American Muslims is even worse, with almost six in ten Romney supporters fearing that Muslims would let "their religion influence their decision-making," and only two in ten confident that a Muslim could do the job to which they were assigned.

This suspicion of and unfavorable attitude toward Arabs and Muslims has its origins in bigotry and ignorance. Public opinion was clearly impacted by the hostile campaign that has been waged in recent years, including: the 2010 anti-Park 51 hysteria that was utilized by some Republicans as a "wedge issue" in that year's Congressional election; the effort in 24 states to pass laws banning Sharia; the call for a special loyalty oath for Muslims seeking government employment that was endorsed by three of the contenders in this year's GOP presidential primary contest; and the witch hunt launched by some Republican Members of Congress against American Muslim Hill staff and government employees.

But bigoted campaigns only partly account for this deep divide. As the AAI poll demonstrates, ignorance is also a factor. Six in ten Americans say that they do not know any Arabs or Muslims. But while one-half of young voters and "minority" voters say they do know members of these groups, three-quarters of older voters and white voters say they do not. And it is important to note that those who do know any Arabs and Muslims have significantly more positive attitudes toward these two communities than those who do not. For example, 56 percent of those who know an Arab or a Muslim have a favorable view of Muslims, while among those who do not know any Arabs or Muslims, only 32 percent had a favorable attitude toward Muslims.

It is striking to compare this year's poll results with those of earlier years. Since most Americans still do not know the difference between Arabs and Muslims, the favorable/ unfavorable ratings given to both communities continue to closely track one another. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that 9/11 is not the cause of these negative attitudes. Attitudes toward both communities were actually better in 2003 and they held steady until 2010 when the organized campaign of incitement against Muslims reached a crescendo with the anti-Park 51 campaign. That year was the turning point in which we recorded the lowest favorable attitudes toward both communities. Ratings have drifted slightly upward since then, but are still below where they were in 2003.

The lesson is as clear as it is dangerous. Left unchecked, those who prey on ignorance and fear to spread hatred, and those who sow the seeds of division and intolerance threaten to tear apart the very fabric of our nation and compromise the values of openness and inclusion that have made America united and strong. The purveyors of intolerance also put at risk the rights and security of entire communities of Americans to operate in our society as full and equal citizens without fear of discrimination.

 

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It is one thing for voters to be deeply divided on issues like health care, taxes and the role of government. These are matters of political philosophy that can and should be debated. But when I see t...
It is one thing for voters to be deeply divided on issues like health care, taxes and the role of government. These are matters of political philosophy that can and should be debated. But when I see t...
 
 
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02:21 PM on 08/27/2012
I didn't realize that Muslim was a race.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Briteleaf
12:42 PM on 08/27/2012
Racism is alive and well in the "land of liberty". Racists just don't wear sheets anymore but what is in their hearts and minds is the same. They learn it from their parents and look for any reason to look down their noses at people with different heritage and appearance. It's ironic that they still exist in the 21st century in a country with our Declaration of Independence.
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Wisemen seek counsel
GOP hate..it aint just for breakfast anymore!
11:34 AM on 08/27/2012
"Scared of an Attack? Look No Further Than Your Neighbor"

So, let's look at some of the facts surrounding my claim that "If you're scared of being attacked. Look no further than your AMERICAN CHRISTIAN neighbor."

Muslims make up less than 4% of people here.
Christians on the other hand equal roughly 80%
There are about 310 MILLION people here.
In 2010 there were over 14,600 murders and 84,000 rapes. (Of which I'm not sure how many Republican Rep. Todd Akin would consider to be legitimate)...

When we look back over our lives at our "friends", people who we grew up with, or strangers in our neighborhoods and cities who either; owe us money that we're obviously never getting back, stabbed us in the back, cut us off while driving & gave us the bird..hit our car while parked in the lot and then drove off without leaving a note or calling police... I can assure you, it wasn't someone from "the evil Muslim empire"...it was a fellow Christian. Not that all Christians are criminals or even most but it's the demographics..of our great country..shape our daily dealings. Not that of the less than 4%. To make people fearful of that is unreasonable and ridiculous based on "a feeling" and not "a fact"...

There's good and bad everywhere, but Muslims are among the least to have a corner on the crime market...

Rest of Article here http://destroytheright.blogspot.com/?view=flipcard
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mema91
trying to stay afloat
09:30 AM on 08/27/2012
Takes me back to the days of JFK when he was running. His Roman Catholic religion was going to have the Pope running the country.
05:25 AM on 08/27/2012
Nice article.

I just love the ridiculous hypocrisy of this: "with almost six in ten Romney supporters fearing that Muslims would let "their religion influence their decision-making,"
03:29 PM on 08/27/2012
You probably haven't noticed, but Muslims tend to be just hair less tolerant of western civilization than Christians.
05:40 PM on 08/27/2012
*sigh*
The hypocrisy is that the GOP certainly allow religion to influence their own decision making. Just look at Santorum...
02:24 AM on 08/27/2012
I have been living and working in a majority Muslim country for the last four years and I have yet to see any negative reactions towards Christians from individuals or the state . . . isn't it odd that a 'Developing' country can be streaks ahead of the 'harbinger of democracy'?

I do wonder, however, why you resort to ill-placed flag-waving with:
" values of openness and inclusion that have made America united and strong. "

Openness? Inclusion?
Would this include the openness towards indigenous Americans? African slaves? Waves of slave-labor immigrants from war-torn countries? Mexicans and Central Americans in general?

Please, let's not re-write history and pin a flag on our lapel, thumping our chests about what an open and inclusive country we have always been when exactly the opposite is true.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Wisdo
semantics shamantics
08:49 AM on 08/27/2012
"Openness? Inclusion?"

And don't forget that Women only got the vote AFTER slaves got it. Because come on, WOMEN? VOTING? crazytown!

America was probably the first country to deal with a globalised immigrant population, since then practically every western society has had our experience to learn from and improve on.
03:30 PM on 08/27/2012
Yes, they improved by controlling it.
11:19 PM on 08/27/2012
Too true about voting but I'd disagree with your immigration assertion.  Europe has been a hotbed of immigration for millennia . . as have Asia and Africa. 
We just tend to emphasize how wonderful we are and even have a statue of liberty to prove this . . . donated by the French - the same French without whose help our country would look very different. (Yet we vilify them at every turn - even going to the extent of re-naming french fries to freedom fries when they don't do what we want.  That's how petty and village-like/parochial we can be)
Like the author of this article, we harp on about a subject ad nauseum and tinker with the truth every time just a little bit . . . so in the end it looks very, very different from what actually occurred. 
I didn't know about the women vs slaves voting . . . simply amazing
Mysteryprincess
Liberal Libertarian
01:51 AM on 08/27/2012
Stop with the delusions already. There has NEVER been a period of American history where it was united. Ever.

Slaves, Native America massacres, Japanese internment camps, gays denied civil rights, women who couldn't vote...

This has ALWAYS been a nation of white men, by white men and for white men.
12:15 AM on 08/27/2012
Conservatives have never been able to drop their racist ways. These are the same people who hate blacks and who hate immigrants. But they can be appeased. Clarence Thomas is a black man who conservatives love. Christian Arabs are accepted by white Conservatives. So let's not get lost on what the real issue is here. It's not about race or ethnicity. This is a set of people who believes it is their right to tell you what to pray to and who to sleep with. They want to emasculate the federal government so that when you disobey them and claim the Constitution, there is no federal power their to protect you when they decide to punish you for not being a Christian who sleeps with whomever the boss says you better sleep with. As long as you are that kind of employee (see Thomas), conservatives have no problem with you. That is why they have such a huge problem with Islam and Muslims.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
11:09 PM on 08/26/2012
Great article, thanks.

Fear of the "other" is as old as civilization.

Till we, the people, wake up and reject it,

wars and misery are our lot.
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johnria
Flying over the cuckoo's nest
04:33 PM on 08/26/2012
This country always needed enemies. During WW2 we had the Germans,the Japanese, Italians and Spain. After that we had the Russians, Koreans and the Vietnamese. They were dispised under the collective term of Communists. Now that Communism is dead we had to come up with a new enemy. One that be large enough to carry us through a few decades. By misfortune a group of Muslims mostly from Saudi Aabia attacked us 2001 and we had our new enemy. Any misfortune coming our way now is blamed on them. The powers keep putting out the fear factor and paranoia is rampant. Men with turbans are killed in error and the people who spread to paranoia in the first place condemn the violence while they love the distraction from their nasty deeds.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Rita R
Always asking why
01:37 AM on 08/27/2012
Yep, John, you are stating exactly what I've been saying for years. Our nationalism and patriotic fervor seem to be historically tied to jingoism. There's always an ethnic, religious, or racial group in our superiority cross-hairs.
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02:21 PM on 08/26/2012
From a Christian, the following argument for militancy against other religions: “My feeling as a Christian points me to my Lord and Savior as a fighter. It points me to the man who once in loneliness, surrounded only by a few followers, recognized these [people] for what they were and summoned men to fight against them and who, God's truth! was greatest not as a sufferer but as a fighter. In boundless love as a Christian and as a man I read through the passage which tells us how the Lord at last rose in His might and seized the scourge to drive out of the Temple the brood of vipers and adders. How terrific was his fight against [these peoples'] poison. Today, after two thousand years, with deepest emotion I recognize more profoundly than ever before the fact that it was for this that He had to shed his blood upon the Cross. As a Christian, I have no duty to allow myself to be cheated, but I have the duty to be a fighter for truth and justice."

Having said that, Hitler went on to procure the murder of millions of innocent people whose faith he emnified.

Let us hope that some demagogue does not somehow seize power in this nation by turning our unreasoning hostility towards Islam tenets into a battle cry.
10:34 PM on 08/26/2012
Jesus had this fit of anger because of the money lenders (ancient bankers) doing business at the temple. Not at an ehnic group, Remember when Mary and Joseph fled, they fled to Egypt.
07:14 AM on 08/27/2012
EXCELLENT point. F&F
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
warmonkey
12:42 AM on 08/27/2012
I hope and I pray. And I am an atheist.
The disrespect of another religion that doesn't happen to be in the majority posing as "patriotism" in this country is straight up unAmerican, and NOT Christian either.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jab Allen
neoliberal/neolib
01:03 PM on 08/26/2012
Where has the Zogby polls gone to? Four years ago you were one of the main polling groups. PS: if you want to fight ignorance and intolerance, try talking truth to power, and McCain isn't Power, if you know what I mean.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
OldHick
02:45 AM on 08/26/2012
The Dark Ages have been misrepresented! In 732, In Tours France, Christians saved Christendom from annihilation due to Muslim attacks. It took 700 years to rid Europe of them. This has been covered up from the public, due to the petro-trade.
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Roelvdwegen
Truth & Justice are Liberally biased
06:18 AM on 08/26/2012
Sure... religion had something to do with that but the main factor was simply one world power invading another.
01:29 PM on 08/26/2012
Since I learned about that event in a class at a public university, I hardly think it can be described as "covered up." The Battle of Tours wasn't about Christians versus Muslims, it was a matter of territorial expansion. In fact, the Umayyads are the group remembered for making the caliphate into less of a religious institution and more of an imperial dynasty. They were driven by imperial interests, not any particular hostility toward Christians.
11:18 PM on 08/25/2012
And now it is more than high time to show the *Pending comments*, most of which have been *pending* all day, while new ones, two hrs or less ago posted, are up. If Mr. Zogby writes a blog, complaining about Americans and what is wrong with all of us, we should be entitled to respond to that with our own opinions.
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MIvoter1231
I don't engage with hateful responders
03:25 AM on 08/26/2012
It's the weekend. Ever think it's because the live moderators aren't as many as during the week? My guess, you and others used words that promptly sent your posts to the human moderators.

And FYI, Mr. Zogby is a born and bred American.
05:01 PM on 08/26/2012
Mr. Zogby is an American, of Lebanese ancestry (recent). His father was an illegal immigrant. He champions Arab causes. Sometimes I agree with him. Most of the time I do not agree with him. He puts out weekly articles, championing the Arab cause. His views that there is no reason for opposition to certain activities and opinions of Arabs about anyone, other than Arabs, are his good right. When he puts those opinions out on a blog, with invitations to comment on it, we have every right to voice our opinions, just as he has every right to write his *articles*.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
10:20 PM on 08/25/2012
We atheists are hated more than Muslims, but this poll didn't include us. You'll get used to it.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
11:12 PM on 08/26/2012
Maybe, got a poll to prove that? LOL ;)