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Janet Harris

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The Arithmetic of Convention Speeches: How Last Night's Speech Added Up

Posted: 09/07/2012 10:44 am

Two weeks of Republican and Democratic conventioneering concluded last night with President Barack Obama's speech accepting the nomination of his party. Whether one considered his speech brilliant oratory or just a good effort, in many ways it was typical of nomination acceptance speeches given by incumbent presidents in recent times.

To echo a recent theme, let's do the arithmetic.

Looking at convention acceptance speeches by both Republican and Democratic presidential candidates between 1980 and 2012, incumbents tended to receive more applause breaks from the crowd, mentioned their opponent less frequently and almost never mentioned their predecessor. For Obama, last night's speech was interrupted 75 times by applause, up from 67 during his speech in 2008. He mentioned his opponent Mitt Romney just once, whereas in 2008 he mentioned John McCain 21 times (the most mentions of an opponent by any nominee, Republican or Democrat, since 1980). And Obama did not mention his predecessor George W. Bush once last night, compared to eight mentions in 2008.

2012-09-07-Excelscreenshot.png

Democratic incumbent nominees tended to use more humor and get more laughs than non-incumbent nominees, and their audiences were less likely to boo at the mention of their opponents. Obama received six laughs from the Charlotte audience and there was no outburst of booing the opponent. In 2008, the audience laughed just twice and booed three times. Incidentally, for Republican incumbent nominees, the exact opposite was true - their audiences laughed less and booed more compared to Republican non-incumbent nominees.

The only arithmetic departure from the norm in last night's speech was that it was shorter than Obama's 2008 speech by 365 words (8% shorter). Other nominees from both parties going back to 1980 gave longer speeches as incumbents than they did when they were challengers. President Clinton set the record on this score: his 1996 convention speech was 60 percent longer than his 1992 speech at 7,073 words (average is 4,683 for Democratic nominees).

Pres. Barack Obama's Nomination Acceptance Speech
September 6, 2012

created at TagCrowd.com

Moving from arithmetic to language arts, Obama's convention speech was consistent with the campaign objective of making the 2012 election a choice rather than a referendum. Using frequency analysis of the terms used most often throughout the speech, the words "choice" and "choose" appeared a combined 20 times, more than any other term or concept except for "America/Americans" which appeared a combined 24 times.

If anyone thought Obama's speech would be less "hopey-changey" than last time, they would be only half right. The speech was actually more "hope"-full (sorry, couldn't resist), in that the word "hope" was mentioned 14 times in his 2012 speech compared to four times in 2008. But of course, as the incumbent, he only mentioned change seven times compared to 17 times in 2008. Other prominent terms such as "believe" and "future" combined to create an overall optimistic narrative arc to last night's speech.

On a policy level, "jobs" was prominent, along with other employment-related terms such as "pay" and "workers." And in a pointed contrast with his opponent, Obama mentioned "war" nine times.

Word clouds show the 50 words most frequently used by each of the nominated Democratic presidential candidates at their respective conventions from 1980 through 2012. Visualizations were generated using TagCrowd.com.

Pres. Jimmy Carter (1980)
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-- A grouping of terms that in hindsight touched on this nominee’s biggest strengths (arms, human rights, peace, secure) and weaknesses (economic, energy, oil).
-- Rather than mention his opponent’s name, Carter hammered away at a Republican brand still weakened by Nixon.
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Two weeks of Republican and Democratic conventioneering concluded last night with President Barack Obama's speech accepting the nomination of his party. Whether one considered his speech brilliant ora...
Two weeks of Republican and Democratic conventioneering concluded last night with President Barack Obama's speech accepting the nomination of his party. Whether one considered his speech brilliant ora...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
nypapajoe
05:01 PM on 09/09/2012
Clinton sealed the deal! He broke it down to the idiot level! Can't argue with the Facts which is an alien concept with the irrational Baggers, who are satisfied with being ripped off by the wealthy lite and their corporations that pay no Taxes and receive Billions in corporate welfare! Google it! They demonize the democrates to no avail which is rather asinine because they are not the "Enemy"! They are not the ones enriching themselves at the expense of others, they don't have foreign bank accounts nor foreign investments, they don't create wars nor sit back allowing families to go homeless or hungry! All they want is a congress to do something, anything for the common people!
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09:38 PM on 09/08/2012
Goes to show even Democrats will use "war" if it polls upward. The arithmetic is our sins. How many politicians will use us? How many lies can we swallow?
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07:04 AM on 09/08/2012
Wouldn't it be nice if words could just heal what's wrong with the country?

Fortunately, the three hundred million of us can heal what's wrong - and do so without overly-intrusive government "help".

So, convention speeches may be good or they may be bad. They may make people laugh, boo, applaud, jeer. But they're just words - fleeting sounds that may touch an emotional chord - but that's all. On the balance, they really don't matter much and don't accomplish anything.
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12:39 PM on 09/08/2012
Youi ;probably do not believe in Arithmetic. Yes 2 plus 2 make 4. I expect that you want to believe that illiteracy will run Rampant when the Money Brokers like the Koch Brothers will continue their 10 plus year plan of making us Serfs and owing our lives to the Man. Again buying election s and getting Close to be Monarchs with their Wealthy Cronies and controlling the USA by having their People in the Highest offices of the Land.

Two Supreme Court Judges voted on many Koch Brother back cases without excusing themselves of conflict of interest. I know this does not inerest you. Just another example of how they are with their Yearly Secret Meeting are getting total Control of WE THE PEOPLE

Totally wrecking the Middle class. You c annot read about the Truth of history. You like to make up your own. Yes words are not Fair when they fre lies.

We the People need a Fair shake. I gather you do not believe that either.

I feel sorry for you.

AS I SAID TOO MANY TIMES ABOUT MANY ARTICLES THATIT IS NICE THAT YOU GET PAID FOR WHAT YOU WROTE BUT DO NOT GET TO THE MEAT AND POTATOES OF WHAT IS HAPPENING TO YOU? AND WE THE PEOPLE.

ASK YOURSELF WHY?
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02:44 PM on 09/08/2012
I don't know what  you're on, but I was talking about convention speeches. Try venting your spleen on someone who's interested in reading your ramblings, because I'm not.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Madsen Jacks
A Voice for the Mute
09:31 PM on 09/07/2012
You forgot to count the number of 'winks'...LOL
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alex61
08:04 PM on 09/07/2012
...typical of nomination acceptance speeches given by incumbent presidents in recent times."
In other words: Self-serving. Yes, presidents of both parties do it.
The incumbent inflates his accomplishments while denying failure of any real consequence. Conventions have become just extravagant dog and pony shows. No wonder viewership is down.
Obama, when asked how he would grade his performance, replied, "incomplete." The implication clearly was, "I need four more years to "complete" the task of saving America", etc.
Is that his best shot? Yeah, I've pretty much failed so far, but if given four more years of doing the same things, I will magically rescue our country.
It is obvious that President Obama works harder at saving his own job that he does saving ours.
07:15 PM on 09/07/2012
This is ridiculous. We might as well analyze what the were wearing.
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68Namvet
Sioux, French, German, Jew, American mutt
07:10 PM on 09/08/2012
Did that too. Michele's dress only cost a couple of hundred, Ann Romney's was almost 3 grand. So, we did that.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
chr1st1an
Pound the temple to dust
06:24 PM on 09/07/2012
Did anyone else notice that Obama's speech is IDENTICAL to the speech given by Carter?

Does this mean we should expect an IDENTICAL outcome?
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68Namvet
Sioux, French, German, Jew, American mutt
07:13 PM on 09/08/2012
Nope, didn't notice.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
chr1st1an
Pound the temple to dust
09:04 PM on 09/09/2012
It was word for word.  You ought to research it, because it confirms my suspicion that every word Obama speaks is scripted by someone other than himself.
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05:49 PM on 09/07/2012
The problem with all of this, Janet, is that you're simply rating the speech's ghost-writer.

In a few weeks, "either the Republicrat ($X billion dollars in bribes accepted), or the Demoblican ($Y billion)" will be "elected," based on which number is larger, "$X" or "$Y."

Once the perfunctory stage-business of "the election" is dutifully completed, there will either be $X billion or $Y billion dollars' worth of "orders to fill," and this will be the sole consideration during the next four years. The American people will no longer be of any concern ... they'll take whatever bone they're tossed until the next election season cycles around.

You will kindly notice that the game is thoroughly rigged in favor of "one of the two equal heads of the Two Party System, LLC." It's a faux choice; it's no choice at all.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alex61
08:07 PM on 09/07/2012
There is a lot of truth in what you say. Even liberals, who liked to think that Democrats were wonderful and that only Republicans were corrupt, are realizing thet their side is no better. Painfull.
04:07 PM on 09/07/2012
Not a particularly deep analysis, Janet Harris. Counting words and applause breaks - that's all??
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alex61
08:08 PM on 09/07/2012
We've all heard the same speach many times. It was thin, at best, and only the super (blindly) loyal would leap to their feet and applause so many times.
04:06 PM on 09/07/2012
Word count can provide some information, but to say that it paints the whole picture and tells you everything you need to know is silly and simple-minded. Otherwise, why even bother listening to the entire speech, trying to understand the big picture, if all we should do is count the key words?! Perhaps the candidates should not even bother with sentences, but just repeat key words with frequencies that reflect their worldviews?!
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studioh!
bridging the snarchasm
02:22 PM on 09/07/2012
word.
07:38 AM on 09/08/2012
I guess Obama like the rest of the world hopes that the American people are able to exercise judgement in their overall interest. To realise that providing leadership is not just about feathering your own nest. He hopes they can sift fact from fiction and illusion from reality. And not be bought by those motivated by the mindset "anyone, but Obama'. Despite the unplumbed depth of their exposure.
01:47 PM on 09/07/2012
As News Analyst and President of a news analysis company, I have nothing substantive to say about anything of substance relevant to the consequence of electoral choices on the lives of more ordinary citizens. Instead, I will fill the page with trivial nonsense - indeed, nonsense of the type anyone with a computer, an Internet connection and a free app can generate for themselves, thus demonstrating that my value and my company's value exist only as figments of my imaginative marketing department.
01:02 PM on 09/07/2012
Action comes through consensus. Can't get consensus when the game is about making the minority party the majority party, damn the logic, and damn the ideology you are suppossed to stand for. At that point, at least to Republicans, the entire point of this battle is to win the football game, and not to save the nation. This is the inherent flaw in democracy and some how we have to work ourselves past the liars and propagandists in order to grow again. The liars and propagandists are our worst enemy it seems.
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Felix99
Born to be mild!!!!
03:23 PM on 09/07/2012
Very well said, River! Now, let's get out the vote to ensure the T-Pubs remain on the outside looking in. Fan.
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PopsinAZ
Questioning partisan politics.
03:28 PM on 09/07/2012
If we are going to "work ourselves past the liars and propagandists in order to grow again......." we will somehow need to rid ourselves of the politicians in the two (2) major political parties.
Very similar to most of the campaigning which was done by Obama and the Democrats in 2008, the Democratic Convention was EXCELLENT on speeches. Contrary to everything we know about Barack Obama, Michelle Obama gave a wonderful speech filled with inaccurate, disengenuous statements about him. Bill Clinton was similarly eloquent in explaining what a wonderful job Obama has done, and how his administration has been successfully dealing with the 'disaster' he inherited. Since "no president could have done any better," we should re-elect him. Elizabeth Warren and Sandra Fluke were almost believable when defining Romney and GOP as anti-women. The audience loved the speeches and Obama is once again the Messiah.
Unfortunately, great SPEECHES have very little to do with problem solving and MOST of our problems have been made worse during the Obama presidency.
You are giving either the GOP or the Democratic Party way too much credit, RiverBasin. Politicians want to get elected, and they want power. Actions speak much louder than words, and Obama has been an abysmal FAILURE. It is time to vote him and his administration out.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
no baloney bill
Proud to be an old lefty with certain standards.
06:06 PM on 09/07/2012
If Obama is a "abysmal FAILURE" (in certain areas), it's because republicans forced him to appear that way with OBSTRUCTIONISM. One Example; the republican majority congress blocked numerous Obama job bills when in any other time or with any other (white) president, they would have passed. Several were actually penned by rebubs.. And of course most Americans don't read into the full story. Remember! It is (R) Sen. Mitch McConnel's "number one priority to make Obama a one term president", and that's exactly what he and loyal right-wing followers have been working on. Do whatever it takes regardless of anything else. Forget what is best for the country! Hook or crook.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alex61
08:15 PM on 09/07/2012
Accurate and fanned.
12:49 PM on 09/07/2012
Not very useful. How about real commentary on the facts about both candidates and what is really at stake and what each actually is planning to do about it and what those actions will do to our country our problems our environment, our economy, etc. Make real and useful comparisons.
02:47 PM on 09/07/2012
In a democracy Presidents are not supposed to babysit countries, are they?
05:14 PM on 09/07/2012
What has that got to do with my comment?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
alex61
08:13 PM on 09/07/2012
In a democracy, presidents, like the captain of a ship, are responsible for what goes on in the country and in their names.
Alan is right-we get too much "fluff" and not nearly enough substance.
11:57 AM on 09/07/2012
One thing statistics prove with absolute certainty is the existence of statisticians.