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Jared Bernstein

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Happy New Year! Now, Here Are a Few Things to Worry About

Posted: 01/01/12 06:32 PM ET

Look, I don't want to raise your anxiety level, especially as you're nursing that headache from last night's revelry. But I figure you'd want me to give it to you straight, starting out the new year by cataloging a few of the risk factors in play, economically speaking.

Europe: As the countries of the Eurozone continue to slowly and bumbly work through their debt problems, contagion remains on everyone's list of things to worry about. The contagion channel is mostly through financial markets, though the fact that the EU is the recipient of about 20 percent of our exports means that an export-dampening recession will hurt too.

How much hurt? The researchers at Goldman-Sachs provide the figure below. Europe could subtract around a point from real GDP growth next year. That's half-a-point higher unemployment, hundreds of thousand fewer jobs, etc... and those are some headwinds we really don't need right about now.

But what's noticeable in the figure below is the wide-and-getting-wider error margin around their best guess.

2012-01-01-Screenshot20120101at6.27.20PM.png


So, which way might this bounce? I wouldn't be surprised if the right answer is the less-bad part of the shaded area in the figure. One key to the resolution here has been the ECB accepting their role as lender of last resort, ramping up the loans to member banks, who can then buy sovereign debt, leading to lower yields, and ultimately, the ability of the troubled countries to service and rollover their debts without cracking up.

What changed? That summit a few weeks back, which many said didn't deliver much, actually appears to have moved the ECB. By agreeing to put restrictive fiscal measures in their individual constitutions, as opposed to the over-arching -- and ignorable -- rules of the Maastricht Treaty (fiscal rules that Eurozone members were supposed to adhere to, though virtually none did so), the central bank appears to have been mollified. I'm not saying that's good policy -- such rules can lead to damaging, austere macroeconomics, though of course it's not clear the new rules will work any better than Maastricht.

But what matters now is that they've helped get the ECB back in the game, so mark this one down as a real risk factor, for sure, but one with perhaps less downside risk than the conventional wisdom would suggest.

Oil: On the other hand, you don't hear enough about this one. Global supplies are tightening, and under those conditions, it doesn't take much at all to generate a price spike. The GS folks have a figure on that too, showing global production catching up to global capacity.

2012-01-01-Screenshot20120101at6.25.59PM.png


My gut is that there's downside risk here. Most people's paychecks are already lagging inflation -- i.e., falling in real terms (see penultimate graph here) -- and faster inflation due to a spike in oil won't help.

Labor Force Participation: This one's a sleeper and much less discussed. It's a mixed bag, but here's the concern.

One reason the unemployment rate has fallen as much as it has -- and it hasn't fallen enough -- is because fewer people are in the job market looking for work (remember, you're not counted as unemployed if you're not actively looking). If the pace of job growth begins to improve, that's likely to draw these sideliners back into the game, and that puts upward pressure of the unemployment rate.

Like I said, it's mixed, because the scenario I'm describing includes faster job growth (good) but higher unemployment (bad).

I've crunched some numbers on this -- I'll post the analysis later, maybe -- and I found that if the pace of recent job growth continues, around 130K per month over past six months, the rate of labor force participation might stop falling, but would probably remain flat. But if we start hittin' it in the 230K range, it should start to grow, making it tougher, even with extra job growth, to bring down the unemployment rate.

I've left off the biggest threat of all -- irresponsible policy makers ignoring all of the above, and failing to do their jobs on the economy, either because they'd rather hurt the President than help working families, or because they simply don't get the need for more temporary stimulus...or because they do get it, but irrationally fear budget deficits. As I've said ad nauseam, it's not the temporary stuff that hurts you on the deficit.

Of course, there's the possibility that during the holiday break, the scales have fallen from their eyes and they now understand the Keynesian imperative of the moment. For odds on that possibility, see here.

 
 
 
Look, I don't want to raise your anxiety level, especially as you're nursing that headache from last night's revelry. But I figure you'd want me to give it to you straight, starting out the new year...
Look, I don't want to raise your anxiety level, especially as you're nursing that headache from last night's revelry. But I figure you'd want me to give it to you straight, starting out the new year...
 
 
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09:41 PM on 01/02/2012
It's pretty clear that we are a one world economy. Europe does bad, so does the U.S. and China. No one can win if somebody looses. We need worldwide economic reform. Adding revenue and cutting debt. Having a security net is importnat, but increased productivity is needed too. We cannot sustain any growth in financial markets without producing products for internal consumption as well as export.
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MyTake
Release the Hydrogen Economy now!
09:36 PM on 01/02/2012
--The researchers at Goldman-Sachs provide the figure below--

Didn't the writer hear that this International Crime Syndicate was FINED $550 Million by SEC over misleading investors in 2008.

Didn't the writer hear how Goldman sold CDO's and then bet/profited from their failures with only 1 employee being thrown under the bus?

Didn't the writer hear how Goldman paid a $60 million fine to Massachusetts where they had promoted "unfair" home loans in that State?

Didn't the writer hear how Goldman tried to install their Director Friedman in the NY Fed spot?

Didn't the writer hear of the Paulson/Blankfein "pillow talks" during the AIG bailout?

Didn't the writer hear of Goldman scoring $12 billion from the Federal Reserve over CDS contract manipulation during the AIG bailout?

Didn't the writer hear how Goldman did a CDS on the Greece National Debt then "cooked their books' to hide their debt?

Now there is a source the Writer pulls his first Graph from!

And I haven't even gotten to JP Morgan/Exxon's 2012 "$200 Oil Spring Surprise"!
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Martha Fair
Professional RepubliBilly Factchecker
08:29 AM on 01/03/2012
Goldman Sachs....an undisputed source of some of the most completely erroneous and fabricated information in order to scare the market in to submissiion LOL real reliable source.
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04:34 PM on 01/02/2012
http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2011/06/01/a-nobel-economist-says-globalism-is-costly-for-americans/
A Nobel Economist Says Globalism Is Costly For Americans | Foreign Policy Journal

"Offshoring has destroyed the economy

by Paul Craig Roberts
June 1, 2011

These are discouraging times, but once in a blue moon a bit of hope appears. I am pleased to report on the bit of hope delivered in March of 2011 by Michael Spence, a Nobel prize-winning economist, assisted by Sandile Hlatshwayo, a researcher at New York University. The two economists have taken a careful empirical look at jobs offshoring and concluded that it has ruined the income and employment prospects for most Americans.

To add to the amazement, their research report, “The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and the Employment Challenge,” was published by the very establishment Council on Foreign Relations.

For a decade, I have warned that US corporations, pressed by Wall Street and large retailers such as Wal-Mart, to move offshore their production for US consumer markets, were simultaneously moving offshore US GDP, US tax base, US consumer income, and irreplaceable career opportunities for American citizens.

Among the serious consequences of offshoring are the dismantling of the ladders of upward mobility that made the US an “opportunity society,” an extraordinary worsening of the income distribution, and large trade and federal budget deficits that cannot be closed by normal means. These deficits now threaten the US dollar’s role as world reserve currency..."
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livingbettertherapy
Counselor, Therapist, Strategic Intervention
02:00 PM on 01/02/2012
When has worrying ever made anything better? Don't worry about things that you have no control over and can't change. Don't worry about things that you can change, change them.
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04:31 PM on 01/02/2012
"Worry is a down payment on a problem you may never have" -- Joyce Meyer

The Serenity Prayer also comes to mind:

"God grant me the serenity
to accept the things I cannot change;

courage to change the things I can;
and wisdom to know the difference.

Living one day at a time;
Enjoying one moment at a time;

Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;
Taking, as He did, this sinful world
as it is, not as I would have it;

Trusting that He will make all things right
if I surrender to His Will;

That I may be reasonably happy in this life
and supremely happy with Him forever in the next."

-- Reinhold Niebuhr
01:48 PM on 01/02/2012
The elephant in the room was missed entirely. The planet is warming at a highly accelerated rate. Instead of looking at your 401K, look at the elephant who's about to sit on you.
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Joe Goforth
contempt for the status quo
04:35 PM on 01/02/2012
No it's the 900 lb war gorilla in the middle east that's just one wrong move from WWIII.
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modeforjoe
We had the experience, but we missed the meaning
09:06 PM on 01/02/2012
You'll be dead by the time it hits. Don't care what age you are.
10:17 AM on 01/03/2012
Maybe. But I'm one of those who worries about my kids, and their kids, etc.... .
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sonoflars
Growing old is mandatory, growing up is optional
01:46 PM on 01/02/2012
Do a little research on how business is eliminating employees using technology. Where are the new jobs going to come from? The U.S. economy is being hit by waves of new labor savings technologies and I don't see us ever getting back to 2007 employment levels. Jared and his fellow economists better start trying to figure out how America survives structural unemployment of 40% or more. We could be there sooner than you think.
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psnyder325
Yep, I'm a Socialist. Deal.
04:35 AM on 01/03/2012
You are so right. We are over 25% right now in REAL unemployment.
01:44 PM on 01/02/2012
So basically in terms of Europe, trickle down oppression, and when it comes to the petroleum empire we are facing peak oil phenomena? Oh common, how about the economic boom that is sure to come on the heels of WWIII and the oil price stabilization of an Iranian war and the closure of Hormuz. lol 2012!
01:43 PM on 01/02/2012
Quess what happens when hyperinflation hits? Your barrell of cash is worth no more than my wallet of cash. Billionaires loose their billions, millionaires become mortals again.

The pain spares no one but the end result is a rebirth.

Shall we just get right to the hyperinflation...is it time yet? Or do we just continue to squeeze the rocks dry?
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psnyder325
Yep, I'm a Socialist. Deal.
04:36 AM on 01/03/2012
We're in it. It's just creeping up a bit more each week. Remember the frog getting boiled to death without noticing so long as you raise the temperature of the water slowly enough.
01:05 PM on 01/02/2012
You didn't mention the expansion of the currency supply in the US. And since the US is the reserve currency, at least for now, that makes it the biggest issue.
12:44 PM on 01/02/2012
Jared, the repubs think Keynes was just insanely wrong. Of course, Keynes was 100% correct about government spending stimulating the economy in times of depressed economic activity. Disputing this is equivalent to denying that the earth is round. But still the repubs and the right-wingers deny this obvious fact. They are free-market fundamentalists, and this is their religion - they are never going to question the basic premise of their religion.
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bobt755907
01:29 PM on 01/02/2012
I am as you say "a right winger" that believes that government spending in times of depressed economic activity is the correct response, however, this should be temporary and a last resort. See it's not my religion; I am a free marked fundamentalist because history supports me.. Many conservatives believe as I do. However, your religion is Socailism and you cannot bend one iota from that position in spite of the fact that almost the whole world has tried it and it proves to be an abject failure. Government dependence breeds poverty and loss of self esteem and self reliance.
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Robert Secrist
those who forget are condemned to repeat
02:51 PM on 01/02/2012
A "free market fundamentalist" ? I take it that means you don't support corporate welfare. So what do you call yourself politically? You can't be a Republican.
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Ralph Gardner
02:14 PM on 01/02/2012
Keynes said #1 never, ever, ever run a large trade deficit or you will get the economy we have.

Our corporations sent some 20% of their factories to China because of their currency devaluations which made everything at one point 80% cheaper or 5 for the price of 1 now around 50% cheaper.

We are stuck because the US corporations who are manufacturing in China and importing their products into the US won't build factories in the US as long as they can get such a good deal from China and competitors won't attempt to build factories in the US and compete with those cost disadvantages.

All of our major trading partners and 140 countries in all have a value added tax(VAT) of around 20% on imports to help protect their domestic manufacturing and jobs which is legal and suggested under the WHO but that would hurt the US companies manufacturing in China.
02:24 PM on 01/02/2012
Just say the words, Ralph...I dare you...T_A_R_I_F_F_S
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Robert Secrist
those who forget are condemned to repeat
02:54 PM on 01/02/2012
That's because both parties believe in a rigged "free" market. Free for a few to gain an unfair advantage.
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bobt755907
12:37 PM on 01/02/2012
Jared's religion won't allow him to say that America is headed the way of Europe, that our dependence on foreign oil is solvable and our job problem could be alleviated by a goal of energy independence. His training in economics has taught him how to make nice charts on irrevalent matters, but not on how to think.
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Overtone
See bio on the Aesop Institute website
12:23 PM on 01/02/2012
The sleeper is an unrecognized threat of multiple meltdowns at nuclear plants as the result of a very possible solar storm.

If that potential nightmare becomes widely understood fast enough, and results in wise action to prevent the worst, it has the potential to sharply boost the economy here and in Europe and everywhere else on the planet.

See www.aesopinstitute.org for an overview of the problem as well as what might be done to minimize the impact.

Since this is an external threat, and external threats tend to unify, it might change the political landscape both here and in Europe.

And the necessary spending to protect many millions of lives can be the missing shot in the arm for our economy and the Eurozone.
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12:09 PM on 01/02/2012
The U.S. needs to re-industrialize...

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-02/manufacturing-grows-in-india-china-as-most-of-europe-struggles-economy.html
China, India Manufacturing Grows as Europe Struggles- Bloomberg

"Manufacturing expanded in India and China in December, indicating Asia’s fastest-growing major economies have so far withstood the fallout from Europe’s sovereign debt crisis.

India’s manufacturing grew at the fastest pace in six months, stoking inflationary pressure, and a Chinese manufacturing gauge rose by more than economists expected, suggesting that a slowdown in the world’s second-biggest economy may be stabilizing. In the euro area, output fell for a fifth month though the rate of decline eased slightly from November..."
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lipps
Snopes is going to be busy editing errors soon
09:48 PM on 01/02/2012
Re-industrialize? Do you think the Liberals will allow wanton destruction of the earth?
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10:44 PM on 01/02/2012
Which is better for the earth?:

o manufacturing in Asia with pollution so bad it reaches the U.S. West coast's rural areas.

o manufacturing in the U.S. with an effective EPA.

http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jan/21/nation/la-na-ozone21-2010jan21
Winds carry Asian smog component to Western U.S., study finds - Los Angeles Times
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Thisboy
11:52 AM on 01/02/2012
Reading the predictions of those who couldn't even foresee the crash that wiped out 6.5 trillion of our GDP seems a bit futile.
12:25 PM on 01/02/2012
I think many could see the crisis of toxic mortgage backed securities...these folks in our good 'ol US of A bundled these goodies into AAA rated products, then sold these lemons to Europe and the world.

And there all living high on the hog. Regarding our only whistleblower-Bradley Birkenfeld- "If he had kept his mouth shut and his head low, Bradley Birkenfeld would be a free man today"
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
11:45 AM on 01/02/2012
America is devolving fast, and it is feeding the global economic crisis. I figure we will be back in the stone age within a few generations. Regressive and repressive fear mongers are tearing down our great society, and the unregulated greed of bad people has corrupted all systems, private and public.
America is done. It is time to start shopping for the new America, the new land of freedom...
01:43 PM on 01/02/2012
"Shopping" is not the right metaphor here. "Creating" or "building" is more apt.

The new America does not exist. It will be built upon the ruins of the old.

It is just human nature to delay and deny until self-destruction is upon us.
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lipps
Snopes is going to be busy editing errors soon
09:51 PM on 01/02/2012
So what is the "New America" you envision.... Drag the Bankers and Wallstreet types from their desks and summary execute them in the streets and have the funds transfered to the UN for redistribution?