More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Jared Bernstein

GET UPDATES FROM Jared Bernstein
 

It's Got To Come Down To Cases, Not Rhetoric

Posted: 12/26/11 01:33 PM ET

I'm increasingly convinced that this point is of central importance: the national debate we're about to have must come down to specifics, to cases, to the actual role of actual programs in our actual lives.

If not -- if the debate stays up at 40,000 feet-we will be stuck in miasma of ideological-tweaking generalities, with conservatives like Romney and Gingrich plucking knee-jerk heartstrings (block that metaphor!) in ways that don't merely mislead. They employ upside-down logic to avoid dealing with the real challenges we face in today's political economy.

As much astute writing has picked up in recent days, these themes are being hammered by Republican candidates on the trail. It's all this rhetoric about "entitlement" vs. "opportunity."

By rhetoric, I mean something quite specific: language that generalizes to the point where its non-specificity loses touch with the reality of underlying topic.

You will really learn nothing accurate or even true about the nation's system of so-called entitlement programs from listening to Mitt Romney, for example. It's pure rhetoric in the above sense. It plucks heartstrings with words like opportunity (good) and entitlement (bad) but we learn nothing about how we as a nation will tackle a basic problem of advanced societies: economic security for those past their working years. Or how we, again, as a society, will tackle the burden of health care. Or education. Or the environment.

Regarding retirement, to get down to an actual case, advanced societies have all implemented solutions that draw some resources from the current workforce to help provide for the current generation of retirees. There's an economic rationale: the generation that came before helped build the productive infrastructure that produces today's economic output, so it makes sense for them to benefit from it. And there's a social rationale: most of us want to provide something -- a foundation, not a mansion -- for our elderly: we respect the intergenerational contract that is Social Security.

Many of us respect the intergenerational contract going the other way in the age scale as well: we are glad to know that Head Start, for example, helps children facing steep opportunity barriers get some help. By the way, Head Start is a great example of just how bereft this Romney frame is: he seeks to portray any program that's redistributive as anti-opportunity. But the logic is totally upside down. Head Start, or for that matter, other nutritional and health programs for families in poverty, are redistributive programs that enhance opportunity in the face of steep market and social barriers.

Let me be clear: I'm not giving any of these programs a free pass. Getting down to cases mean they too need evaluation. Is Medicare cost effective (more so than private sector health coverage, but it needs improvement)? Is Social Security efficient (very much so; I challenge anyone to identify a private mechanism that is more so)? Head Start has mixed reviews in terms of long-term benefits, but early educational intervention in general scores very high in term of cost-benefits.

I recently cited George Will as weighing into this debate thusly: "I think big government harms freedom, because it is an enormous tree in the shade of which the smaller institutions of civil society cannot prosper."

Mitt's "will the United States be an entitlement society or an opportunity society?" is equally vapid and misleading. Not just a false choice, but an illogical one, like saying "we must decide whether to grow food or eat food." Government has and will always play an integral role in enhancing opportunity, in offsetting market failures that thwart opportunity, from poverty to pollution.

Progressives musn't allow this debate to float miles above the real world. It all comes down to cases, and every time someone tries to avoid this reality, I for one am going to try to make them face it.

This post originally appeared at Jared Bernstein's On The Economy blog.


 
I'm increasingly convinced that this point is of central importance: the national debate we're about to have must come down to specifics, to cases, to the actual role of actual programs in our actual ...
I'm increasingly convinced that this point is of central importance: the national debate we're about to have must come down to specifics, to cases, to the actual role of actual programs in our actual ...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 507
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Highlights
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4 5  Next ›  Last »  (5 total)
photo
Medicine13ear
Jesus wore a hoodie.
02:23 PM on 12/31/2011
Maybe they could hire some excellent populist messenging consultants so everyone can get on the same page with the frustrated, twarted populace.

Two come to mind--Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren. They are masters at expressing the passion now roiling in the breast of good-hearted patriots!
photo
ProfessorBucket
Just act natural and keep moving
12:22 PM on 12/27/2011
“Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion.” --Aristotle, The Rhetoric.
"By rhetoric, I mean something quite specific: language that generalizes to the point where its non-specificity loses touch with the reality of underlying topic." --Jared Bernstein

In the Lee Atwater, Karl Rove, Frank Luntz paradigm, persuasion deliberately nullifies fact. Multiplying the nullifying effects are cultural forces demeaning rational inquiry and favoring emotional impulses. Current political rhetoric requires no proofs. It aims to gain acceptance through “truthiness,” an accurate satirical term. Truthiness is delightful to swallow, but its end is as bitter as wormwood.

Rejuvenating the electorate is the greater challenge. The cynical outlook concerning politics disables a healthy democratic process. Politics always needs the controlling force of a well-informed electorate. Those who favor an ill-informed, uncritical electorate are also promoting reduced educational opportunities for normal Americans because; a reading, listening, critical-thinking public will reject truthiness and favor proven principles and facts. Thankfully, the progressive views available online bypass the emotion-driven, for-profit news media. With more in-depth news and information choices, the necessary education is accessible.

Specifics are revealed through education, not through clever, meaningless, juxtapositions of code words. Code words, as employed by Atwater, Rove and Luntz, do not reveal truth, do not provide proof, do not educate. But, they do persuade in the haze of emotion. The progressive’s mission is to educate, clear the haze and, demand proof.
photo
Opposition Research
Studying the enemies of civil liberty for 20 years
01:11 PM on 12/27/2011
Hence the almost entirely successful endeavor to drive all progressive voices out of the mainstream media.

History is beginning to repeat:

"Don't Be a Sucker (1947)"
"Admonishes Americans that they will lose their country if they let fanaticism and hatred turn them into "suckers." "Let's forget about 'we' and 'they' -- let's think about us!"
http://www.archive.org/details/DontBeaS1947
11:34 AM on 12/27/2011
Unfortunatley, as we deal with the political class, we also deal with the sound bite. No one wants to deal in specifics as that opens you up to the rhetoric that the article decries. No one wants to look at a history that goes beyond the last election, because that might expose the emptiness of your convictions and the lack of capability of defending your arguement. We have an electorate that is pandered to simply to secure their votes and the whole sorry mess keeps going round and round as people who simply want to live their lives in peace without interference from an ever intrusive government.

There's no debate, just name-calling, and the republic slowly collapses in upon itself and I shake my head as I watch the sheeple gets used again and again to further some meglomaniac's dream of utopia being fulfilled at the expence of the average stiff who just wants to be left alone.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
11:23 AM on 12/27/2011
The present prevailing attitude that "I'm free to do whatever I want, and to "make" me give anything to my society is to "steal" from me the fruits of my personal labor" seems to be the most childish, irresponsible attitude a human being can take toward the larger reality that has created, contains and nourishes him or her.

We may think we are "free" to hoard the so-called fruits of "our" labor, but in doing so we neglect to honor ALL the life forms that have made our creativity possible. Does the tree neglect to repay the earth that feeds it and enables it to thrive? No...it returns to the earth what the earth needs to replenish its nutrients. Do the clouds forget to return to the seas that which gave them their energy? No...they return their energy to the rivers and oceans in the form of rain. And it's not about raining on the "exact" river that fed the cloud to start. All rivers are connected; the cloud knows it's best to rain wherever the rain is ready to fall and allow the living system of Earth to carry the energy to wherever it is needed.

Would that we humans would learn to trust life to do our heavy lifting. The struggle would cease and abundance would become our norm...because that IS the truth of life.
photo
Opposition Research
Studying the enemies of civil liberty for 20 years
11:40 AM on 12/27/2011
The prevailing attitude is moving beyond even that characterized in the first sentence, I'm afraid.

The assumptions that lie, seemingly unquestionably, at the foundation of our society's present-day practice of capitalism, is that our labors, our worth, and indeed, our very beings, don't even belong to us anymore, but exist solely for the service, benefit, and enrichment of the owning/controlling classes.

We're not just one step removed from gratitude to nature and recognizing our place therein, but we're becoming two steps removed. Our "right" to produce and to benefit from its fruits are becoming dependent upon someone else's permission -- the powerful, the owners *buy* our time, and our lives, and give us back as little as we can bear -- while the *owning class* is the group that ends up hoarding the fruits of *OUR* labors.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
realimagist
Visioning the future in the present
11:47 AM on 12/27/2011
Yet, as the author suggests, this addresses the issues "from 40,000 feet."
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
12:05 PM on 12/27/2011
I address life FROM the position OF life, not from some conceptual belief system. I give away my book because I choose to walk my talk - feel free to download a free copy from www.sacredeconomics.org!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
11:41 AM on 12/28/2011
It is only from a higher perspective that we are able to "see" the truth of what we have been unconsciously conditioned to believe is real. And it is only when we recognize the absurdity of remaining attached to belief systems that are killing us all that we develop the will power and sense of purpose to design alternative systems to those we now use. Life moves in steps and phases, and the phase we're presently in is the inevitable self-destruction of outmoded ways of behaving to make room for new ways to spring forth. As it becomes clearer to more and more humans that the old ways cannot be fixed, but must be redesigned, new ideas will spring forth from the collective consciousness. That's not MY job - I'm not a systems designer! I'm a writer/philosopher, doing MY part to awaken human consciousness to the need for us to experiment with new ways of being in relationship to one another.
11:09 AM on 12/27/2011
As was previously pointed out SS and medicare are not entitlements. We pay for them throughout our working life. The problem is that all of the money has been spent. There is no SS or Medicare account to draw on. They were never intended to be an insurance premium. They were intended to be annuities.

This is far different than welfare which is an entitlement. The two subjects should be separated.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lrobb
Southern Rational
10:44 AM on 12/27/2011
Progressives would like you to believe the words "opportunity" and "entitlement" are so amorphous as to be meaningless. However, their implication is very, very clear to most who follow politics even occasionally.

An entitlement is anything which someone receives because they fit a certain mold. These run the gamit of everything from TANF to Social Security and include certain tax breaks given to corporations. To get the entitlement all you have to do is meet the criteria.

An opportunity is a particular condition which can be taken advantage of by an individual or group to improve their current situation. Providing opportunities should, ideally, result in a need for far fewer entitlements.

One of the few areas where entitlement and opportunity meet is education In America we provide the opportunity for every child to get an education. As a matter of fact, we mandate that they do. However, we also allow children to drop out and tolerate schools which do not educate a majority of their students.

It has been shown time and again that well educated men and women make better lifestyle choices resulting in less need for entitlements. It is past time to give parents the opportunity to send their children to any school they choose and let the entitlement follow the student rather than the institution.
10:14 AM on 12/27/2011
Social security and Medicare are NOT entitlements. People into these systems. I should know. Every three months, I must pay my Medicare premium. The GOP is making up the myth of "entitlements" to smear senior citizens and to justify shutting down these programs, and stealing the money that belongs to senior citizens to finance tax cuts for the rich.

The folks who are addicted to "entitlements" are Mitt Romney and his 1 %. Mitt got all sorts of tax breaks to run Bain Capital, which involved firing working people and stealing their company pensions. Oil companies, defense contractors, and agri-businesses think they are "entitled" to all sorts of tax breaks - and they money they receive via Uncle Sam goes into the pockets and PAC's that fund politicians like Mitt Romney.

Before Mitt Romney attacks senior citizens for collecting "entitlements" - he should look in a mirror. No one is a better example of an "entitlement society" than Mitt Romney.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
09:55 AM on 12/27/2011
Thanks, Mr. Bernstein, for the great reminder. Indeed, I think you've spotted the subtle and not so subtle ways that so many try to crush reason. You've shaken loose some of the questions I have felt lurking at the edge of consciousness. Take insurance, for instance. Isn't the concept sound? Yes, it was near genius. Isn't a larger pool better than a smaller one? Of course, forming one giant non-profit insurance pool would be the best and most secure way to accomplish "Social Security". I am convinced that, if taken away from us, given the freedom to do so, we would reinvent Social Security, because it is such a good idea. To again be faced with the elderly indigent is a future we cannot allow. To constantly threaten it is taking away our daring and our willingness to risk our savings on new venture.

On the flip side, watching the genius of currency transformed into a high risk game, evidently played to see how many lives can be destroyed before crashing, makes one suspect that humanity has kicked into reverse and is now devolving backward into mere ape.

The pretense that it is conservative to rail against the reemergence of the law of the jungle is an outrage, so much so that I can hardly believe that it is pawned off on us as legitimate choice. Stay alert.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
09:14 AM on 12/27/2011
part of the problem is you have these right-wing fools who fail to see that giving a hand up to those in poverty and in need actually benefits them in the long run
photo
ShellyintheWest
No pain or trial that we suffer is ever wasted.
09:39 AM on 12/27/2011
When 51% of America is on some form of "handout", the system will crash. There will be no winners and losers, just all losers. This isn't about "helping", this is about having a system that works. We have spent more money on welfare than any other time or nation in history and we are worse off than ever. There are absolute truths, and welfare is not one of them. Stop trying to save people from themselves. You are inadvertently creating a bigger problem. This generation knows no pain and struggle, just self inflicted disappointment. Just wait...our time is coming.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
10:05 AM on 12/27/2011
surprise surprise more right-wing talking points...does that figure of 51% include corporate welfare and handouts too..or is it just for ordinary slobs who don't count?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
pyro
Fire in the kilns, lets fill all empty bowls.
10:26 AM on 12/27/2011
Yet you misinform with the lie that all help is a "handout".

You base your premise on falsehood.
photo
Opposition Research
Studying the enemies of civil liberty for 20 years
09:10 AM on 12/27/2011
The GOP hasn't been the party of individualism for a *LONG* time. It has become a party of entitlement itself, a feeling of entitlement to amass, inherit, and build dynasties that owe no accountability to the rest of society whatsoever.

The GOP can whine about the Kennedy family dynasty, but that's exactly the world that they are striving to create -- a world in which your chances of success, your hopes for political power, and your freedom from worry depend not on your own mettle and ability to achieve, but upon who your parents and grandparents are, and increasingly, what religion you claim to follow.

The emergence of the religious far right has brought a new dimension of entitlement mentality to the party. It is a feeling of entitlement to an exclusive kind of inheritance to this country itself -- they consider themselves the rightful heirs and owners of this country with an entitlement to preferential treatment and political privilege in this nation of many faiths and no faith.

As usual, everything that they accuse "the Left" of being, they are themselves three times over. Whereas the Left merely wants a level playing field and fair playing rules, the far right sees themselves entitled to special privilege and assistance by the rules themselves.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
11:08 AM on 12/27/2011
Somewhere, those individuals who sing the praises of "opportunity" have left gratitude in the dust. They have forgotten that all they are they owe to every living thing that has ever come before them, and every human being that has ever invented, built or imagined a thing that has become part of the fabric of human society. When we properly contextualize ourselves in this awesome living reality that contains and nourishes us, and that provides us with the necessary capacity and materials to become the best we can be, the notion of claiming "ownership" of whatever we are blessed to be able to produce becomes absurd.

I produce the things I create because I CAN; I give thanks to life for having gifted me with the amazing capacities I have so I can create. I don't need to sell or hoard the things I produce in order to feel rewarded for having produced them. I can validate myself for being so gifted that I am able to bring forth the best I can bring forth, and challenge myself. Too bad the world in which I live demands I "pay" for the right to access the things I need to do so, and measures my worth not based on what I do to nurture life, but on whether or not I generate man-made wealth.
photo
Opposition Research
Studying the enemies of civil liberty for 20 years
11:21 AM on 12/27/2011
That's a nice way of saying what I have been trying to say for a long time -- very few, if any, people are truly "self-made," and I am being very generous in conceding even that.

It's also a nice way of stating what I have long considered to be true wealth, measured in part by what we can *DO*, versus the man-made illusions of wealth by which people measure their success by what they can own and buy.

The mere ability to buy says little about the actual constitution of the person doing the buying. But without the ability to *do*, we wouldn't have a tiny fraction of what we enjoy -- and sometimes needlessly complicate our lives with -- today.

If I may hijack a popular phrase used to insult the educational system and turn it into something more positive *and* true:

"Those who can, do. Those who can't buy,"
photo
Medicine13ear
Jesus wore a hoodie.
03:04 PM on 12/31/2011
Your posts are like manna from Heaven! Thank you. F&F
photo
Medicine13ear
Jesus wore a hoodie.
03:01 PM on 12/31/2011
I love your posts! F&F
08:35 AM on 12/27/2011
The Republican base demands no government welfare but fails to address the issues that demanded government assistance in the first place. None have offered alternatives to eliminating government programs that help the poor, sick, or elderly. Republicans stubbornly adhere to American individualism and opportunity but these terms are excuses to justify their anger and fear of what government assistance has succeeded in providing all Americans thus far: equal opportunity and the chance for individualism. Republican success at eliminating assistance programs would result in their ideal America, one where society is segregated economically and socially.
photo
kamachanda
Mr. President, Tear this Wall Street down!
08:28 AM on 12/27/2011
The Republicans have to limit the debate to false choices, if they introduce their goals they reveal themselves to be the bad choice for this nation and the vast majority of our citizens.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
07:08 AM on 12/27/2011
Entitlement is being born to a rich family, others need opportunity.
06:48 AM on 12/27/2011
I don't see how an anti-entitlement theme, necessary to win over Republicans, works in a general election in a time of economic insecurity and anxiety. Running against SS and Medicare is a suicide mission.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
07:09 AM on 12/27/2011
It's a codeword for "welfare", which is a codeword for "blacks".
gmikejake
resist evil
07:21 AM on 12/27/2011
Also codeword for "socialism," and, for some "communism," which leads to, for many, "atheism." Indeed, all about deep, deep belief ... ideology. Their paid for "reality creators" have been very effective.
photo
ShellyintheWest
No pain or trial that we suffer is ever wasted.
09:41 AM on 12/27/2011
Actually, it's not anti-entitlement, it is moving from reliance on government to self-reliance. Admit it, never has there been so many people on welfare. We make it too easy and too available. We need to make jobs easy and available.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
pyro
Fire in the kilns, lets fill all empty bowls.
10:31 AM on 12/27/2011
We need to make jobs easy and available.


At least you got that part right.

But the part about welfare being easy and availiable is false. There is actually very little welfare left. I dare you to google it. Try this search: welfare little help for needy

Read for an hour. Report back. Otherwise we will know that you have shuttered your mind.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
11:13 AM on 12/27/2011
What we NEED to make available is the right for all humans to access the raw materials reality has provided to all of life, so that all humans are free to explore their own creative capacities and bring forth the best they have to offer in service to the larger living reality that has created and contains them.

We don't need money or jobs to do that; we need compassion, intelligence, gratitude and a deeper understanding of the inextricable interconnectedness of all that is. When I realized that whatever diminished another person diminished us all, I discovered the joy of giving without attaching conditions, without concerning myself with the way another chooses to use my gift. I learned to trust the process of life to teach others how to become the best they can become in their own time; I'm too busy becoming the best I can be to distract myself with telling others how they "should" be!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Michael Briggs
Liberal is Better
06:34 AM on 12/27/2011
"Why do Republicans hate America?" I used to think that question was a blatant rhetorical attempt to infuriate Republicans who adore wrapping themselves in the flag (as long as the flag was made in China by a child earning fifty-cents a day). Now, I truly do wonder why so many Republicans seem to despise middle class America. I think it comes, in part, from the insane cult of the individual that Republicans seem to worship. They can't stand the thought that the greatest nation on earth did not arise due to individuals but, rather, the concerted effort of what would constitute the American middle class working together to create a great nation. The very idea of concert and cooperation is anathema to the Republican party.
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
07:14 AM on 12/27/2011
They think the middle-class is supposed to despise itself because they're not rich. The rich don't need SS or Medicare, we're to blame because we're not "job creators". The basic idea is, 1% get to be rich, everyone else should try to be part of the 1%, or else you're a loser so who cares what happens to you? Basic Ayn Rand mindset.
photo
ShellyintheWest
No pain or trial that we suffer is ever wasted.
09:43 AM on 12/27/2011
It's your president who is starting a class war. The Republicans are just trying to preserve concepts that have been around through the millennia... things like, self reliance. You are listening to the wrong political pundits.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eileenla
Author, "Sacred Economics"
11:16 AM on 12/27/2011
Self reliance is a falsity. if you doubt that, spend about ten minutes NOT relying on the air around you to breathe. Then give thanks to the trees that provide you with the necessary oxygen. While you're at it, give thanks to the clouds for raining on you, the sun for warming your world, the animals and plants that now comprise your body, the illegal immigrant who picked or slaughtered them so you could eat, the poor Indian woman who painstakingly put together the computer upon which you so proudly proclaim your "self-reliance..."