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Jason Rosenhouse

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Faith in the Higgs?

Posted: 08/30/2012 9:04 am

The constructs of modern science are often so complex and rarefied, they can only be understood through analogy and metaphor. No doubt he textbooks provide precise definitions and mathematical formulations, but it is often difficult to think clearly about them without a healthy dollop of less precise language.

Perhaps this is a point of contact with religion. In trying to talk about God, or the meaning of existence, we must frequently make do with figurative language. Religious discourse is filled with metaphors and approximations. It must be so, since the concepts we use to navigate our daily lives are inadequate for discussing weighty existential problems.

Writing in Nature, Daniel Sarewitz presents a version of this argument. He calls our attention to an article from The New York Tines in which the analogy of "cosmic molasses" is used in a discussion of the Higgs boson. Sarewitz compares this to a metaphor from certain Hindu writings, in which reality is likened to a sea of milk. Sarewitz writes:

If you find the idea of a cosmic molasses that imparts mass to invisible elementary particles more convincing than a sea of milk that imparts immortality to the Hindu gods, then surely it's not because one image is inherently more credible and more 'scientific' than the other. Both images sound a bit ridiculous. But people raised to believe that physicists are more reliable than Hindu priests will prefer molasses to milk. For those who cannot follow the mathematics, belief in the Higgs is an act of faith, not of rationality.

In reconciling science and religion, it is commonplace for religion's defenders to stress its rational aspects. Sarewitz' argument represents a different approach. Rather than point to the rational side of religion, we point instead to the irrational side of science.

Let me suggest, however, that Sarewitz has overlooked a few things. While it is certainly true that scientists make healthy use of analogies and imprecise language in communicating their ideas to the public, the fact remains that the textbooks are available for anyone with the requisite interest and patience. The Higgs boson is real, confirmed both by theory and experiment. This is all in stark contrast to the analogies of religion, which, for all we know, have no correlates in reality. Elementary particles exist and can be described with great precision by those with the proper training. We cannot make the same claim on behalf of the Hindu gods.

Moreover, the attitude of lay people toward physics is hardly comparable to that of a religious person toward his dogmas. It is not an irrational leap of faith to accept what physicists say about the Higgs boson, even if you lack the technical prowess to read the textbooks. It is instead an expression of confidence in the investigatory method that led to our knowledge of the Higgs. People are not "raised to believe" that physicists are more reliable than Hindu priests. Rather, they discover it on their own by contrasting the manifest successes of scientific investigation with the lack of same on the part of religion.

Sarewitz' argument backfires in that it calls our attention to the key difference between science and religion. It is sometimes said that religion answers questions about meaning and purpose, but this is not accurate. The correct formulation is that religion makes assertions about meaning and purpose. Sorely lacking is any reliable method for establishing the correctness of those assertions. Science's contribution to these conversations is a set of investigative methods that everyone regards as legitimate. When a physicist lectures about the Higgs, the audience understands that he is not just making things up. He is not asking anyone to believe anything solely on his authority.

As a practical matter, we all must accept what experts tell us about fields we have not studied ourselves. It is very lazy, however, to say that all such instances are just acts of faith and therefore intellectually equivalent. Surely we have reliable ways of distinguishing fields of inquiry that have earned our confidence from those that have not. To accept Sarewitz' argument is to lapse into a dangerous relativism, in which science and religion are just rival myth-making enterprises, neither with a greater claim to our respect than the other.

For many people religion satisfies needs that science does not address. For those not directly involved in their production, the findings of science often have little emotional resonance. There is always a place for awe and wonder, regardless of your beliefs about God. Acknowledging that simple reality, however, in no way implies that we should denigrate the tried and true methods of science by reducing them to a form of faith. Nor should we equate emotionally satisfying beliefs with those that are established by careful reasoning and hard data.

 
 
 
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03:22 PM on 09/21/2012
"Sorely lacking is any reliable method for establishing the correctness of those assertions. "

Thus spake Jason Rosenhouse: "Ethics is Dead". We will duly pass your fatwa onto Aristotle and the Liberal Art Department when we see them next.

Science is excellent at explaining the measurable, the repeatable. Unfortunately, not all we experience in life is measurable. Taking due caution against a "God-of-the-gaps", there is still much to be understood that is not repeatable, measurable or merely an result of human need for an "emotionally satisfying" answer.

Philosophy and Theology do have professional rigor, process and review (see Aristotle on the topic of Logic), even if pundits and preachers do not.

With apologies to a non-scientist: "There are more things in heaven and earth, Jason, Than are dreamt of in your science."
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yipingpijou
09:18 PM on 09/07/2012
Thank you, Mr. Rosenhouse. Well put.
05:19 PM on 08/31/2012
"Perhaps this is a point of contact with religion."

NO.

There is a mind bogglingly huge difference between "We have all this data, we have reams of experimental findings, this is all really really complicated but if you want a simpler way to think about it you can try this..."

And:

"Ummm, well, we have no data and no experimental findings but we're going to say that's BECAUSE it's really really complicated so we're just going to speak in metaphors because we *have nothing else to say*."

Stop trying to mix religion and science. They share no commonalities. Just knock it off.
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Joey Blau
sharp and factual analysis
01:18 PM on 09/07/2012
err I think Jason was saying that sometimes scientists use analogies, as religious people also use analogies. He then went on to explain that the similarity was only superficial.

maybe you stopped reading at the quote above...
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Robert Frano
‘Plausible Deniability’: NOT A FAMILY_VALUE!!
04:28 PM on 08/31/2012
Re: "...In trying to talk about God / the meaning of existence, we must frequently make do with figurative language…etc."

I've always thought humanity’s religious are analogous, in some sense, to piano-keys...
Different tones / frequencies, but they all make wonderful / not-so-wonderful, (when ‘out of tune’), sounds via the sounding-board.

Likewise…
I DON'T find my previous single-Deity-faith, (the R.C.C.'s 'Jesus-1-in-3'), in conflict with my current, (polytheistic) NeoPaganism.

I frequently use ‘intolerant.monotheism’ in reference to various superficial, (I.M.H.O.!), pietists (such as Cardinal Dolan', Et.-Al'), who feel their religiosity allows / demands they manage other's personal issues...
Without even so much as a ‘how'd ya do?’ to the unrequested-management-efforts-targets!
I’m NOT concerned re Fred Phelps/his feral-family, as such!
However...I wouldn't tolerate their physical presence / interference, family-funeral-side, minus an invite!

Likewise creationists...
Science ISN'T the ‘be-all / end-all’.
But…
It significantly damages (already tarnished) religious-credibility to postulate obvious-nonsense-beliefs!!
Like Mr. Nye recently noted: To pretend in a '6,000-Yr.-Old-Earth isn’t a crime.
But…
To teach children something patently absurd has life long negative-career-/-social-effects!

There is simply NO gettin’ 'round N.Armstrong’s moonwalk! Or Dachau’s corpse-piles, as denialists, (in/out of religion) claim!

The earth won’t die from climate-change!
but billions-of-years-of-history clearly indicate that, like the dinosaurs...
...Humanity might!
02:57 PM on 08/31/2012
The issue is science goes further in its conclusions then the evidence warrants. As Richard Lewontin wrote in his review of Sagans, "The Demon Haunted World", "Our willingness to accept scientific claims that are against common sense is the key to understanding of the real struggle between science and the supernatural. We take the side of science in spite of the patient absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promoses of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism. we are forced by our prior adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanatoons no matter how counter-intuitive...for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door."
06:01 PM on 08/31/2012
"Our willingness to accept scientific claims that are against common sense is the key to understanding of the real struggle between science and the supernatural."

Any conclusion of QM would qualify to be described as "against common sense".

If we didn't accept them you wouldn't be reading this on your computer right now. We accept conclusions based on DATA, not "common sense". The fact that you can't wrap your head around that speaks to your own shortcomings, not those of science.
08:56 AM on 09/01/2012
I was quoting Lewontin and I believe his point was the literature of science is filled with assertions without adequate evidence. The leap from micro to macro evolution is one such leap.
07:34 AM on 08/31/2012
Perhaps you gentlemen have not heard of Sankhya, in chapter 2 in Bhagavad Gita as a part of vedic Science. The Universal substratum has been defined and derived from axioms more accuratey than physics has and the Higgs boson is the bottom of the barrels sea of components called Purusha which interact to produce the Moolaprakriti the equivalent of Einsteins Cosmological constant. Universe is identified with a godlike state because its laws are based on axioms and follows self similar process. That it is capable of self creation, self control and self organisation. Above all it is always in a perpetual dynamic oscillatory state and phenomena is a holographic state on that sea. See web for full details http://www.kapillavastu.com/index.html?r=20120707024127
04:04 AM on 08/31/2012
Well, I guess somewhere along the line the author of this article missed the disclaimer by scientists which stated that the Higgs Boson was not found. A Higgs-like particle was found. Just like a "faster than the speed of light particle" was the result of errors and was not found. And, the discovery was made prior to needing funding.
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06:11 AM on 08/31/2012
There is a notable difference between those two examples. The faster-than-light particle episode was assumed from the start to be an error for a good reason. It was an outlier. Much different with the Higgs Boson. That wasn't an outlier, that was the entire purpose of the research, to find a particle with those properties.
11:54 AM on 08/31/2012
It's one of the fundamental practices of modern science: one approaches the world with a hypothesis (in this case, the Higgs as predicted by the Standard Model), bearing in mind that its existence must be corroborated with empirical evidence; the hypothesis entails certain predictions (that there will be a particle exhibiting these characteristics) which the scientist seeks to discover or falsify. Thereafter the hypothesis is made to interweave with the web of theories which make up our knowledge of the world, with the proviso that all our knowledge-statements are prone to revision. So finding a "Higgs-like" particle is just as much of a discovery, given its immense corroborative power.
02:47 AM on 09/04/2012
Yes, you are correct in that finding a Higgs-like particle is a discovery.  However, two different labs found, supposedly, the same particle and their results differed greatly.  Therefore, either they both discovered a Higgs-like particle, or only one of them discovered a Higgs-like particle.  And, the other discovered another type of particle entirely. With this being said, we can conclude that the "Standard Model" is flawed, or not enough is known to prove it out.
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Jay Patel
09:17 PM on 08/30/2012
Jason,

Your statements about religion have about as much credibility as a blind man asserting that there is no light or the sun simply because in his/her blindness the sun nor light can be seen. Just more materialist gibberish!
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PhilosopherJon
Don’t be mΣαη
11:59 PM on 08/30/2012
That's kinda like the 'No True Scotsman Fallacy'. In reality, many people who understand the efficacy of materialism and science were, at one point, religious. It's not as if scientists are blind to something, and some may have experienced extreme belief in religion at one point in their life. Which brings me to another point: If your going to say that the author's statements about religion are gibberish, you should argue how that is.
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Jay Patel
07:43 AM on 08/31/2012
PhilosopherJon,

How about the materialist fallacy and delusion, which encompasses an entire paradigm and worldview. The whole logic behind it is a grand delusion. Intellectual infants looking for God under microscopes and telescopes or in genes and then saying God doesn't exist because they can't find God.
As a brilliant philosopher of the last century said--Materialist science is the most unintelligent manner of appearing intelligent.
11:57 AM on 08/31/2012
It isn't gibberish; the author is affirming the difference between scientific practice and religious faith. He makes no statement to the effect that god(s) are nonexistent, but rather reminds us that there exists no empirical evidence nor logical reason to confirm them. Science, on the other hand, operates differently, as Rosenhouse writes. It's alright if you aren't a materialist, and if your experience of the universe is deeply imbued with divinity, but science is an unraveling of the rich wonder of the material world, and I personally find more sublimity in that than in any religious doctrine.
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Jay Patel
12:26 PM on 08/31/2012
Avalon,

I prefer the world intellectual bankruptcy which more accurately identifies such thinking rather than gibberish. "No logical reason or empirical evidence" That literally is like a blind person saying because I am blind and don't see the sun, logically there is no reason to believe any one else has sight or that the sun exists. Such delusional thinking isn't logical, rational, or intelligent by the most remote stretch of the imagination. Its pure delusion parading as pseudo rationalism !
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dschiff
Always learning
03:44 PM on 08/30/2012
Thanks Jason!
Pointing out important differences between faith in ancient scriptures written by primitive, pre-science people and the hard-won, empirical and proven scientific fields like math and physics.

Their faith in an invisible god or gods is not the same as our 'faith' that nuclear energy works, that computers work or that medicine works.
researcher
researcher
03:06 PM on 08/30/2012
Science and religion are the last two places one must look if one is interested into seeking deeply into these mysteries of life. Maybe it is best to look deeply into both to find out that they indeed have little to offer into these underlying mysteries of what the world views as reality.

They both have their hidden agenda's and cherished beliefs and hidden paradigms to protect at all costs. Those hidden paradigms are at a sub consciousness level so neither are blameworthy.

Neither the materialist nor the religious have any idea that their view of the world is being controlled by their beliefs at a sub consciousness that affects their view of reality.

Where to look to gain greater knowledge into these mysteries of life?

Sorry cannot be given out as one must become a sincere seeker and every path is unique and neither the materialist nor the religious have any interest in looking outside their “middle of the forest” beliefs.

Both the religious and the materialist judge by appearances. One confuses an effect for a cause and the other has made a God or gods in their image. Believe neither as an absolute; they both have agendas to protect at all costs. The human ego is that fearful and deceptive.
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PhilosopherJon
Don’t be mΣαη
11:55 PM on 08/30/2012
Gibberish.
researcher
researcher
03:34 AM on 08/31/2012
Gibberish-truly an ego in full control of the sub conscious. the ego is that depceptive that anything that does not agree with its system of beliefs is gibberish. this response is a perfect example of the paradigm effect.
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PhilosopherJon
Don’t be mΣαη
12:02 AM on 08/31/2012
"Neither the materialist nor the religious have any idea that their view of the world is being controlled by their beliefs at a sub consciousness that affects their view of reality."

This is just an absurd statement. The reason we know about subconscious biases is because of the scientific method.
researcher
researcher
03:38 AM on 08/31/2012
If one only seeks within their system of beliefs the scientific method will always reveal the same results within the existing paradigm.

Science does not look outside its materialist paradigm just as religion does not look outside their religious paradigm. two sides of the same coin and they dont have a clue they are more alike than different. not a clue.
01:25 PM on 08/30/2012
Oh boo hoo. People can't handle a little math. So the view is, since the average person is stupid and or scared of math then these two diametrically opposed fields are somehow on equal footing.

The difference is. The Higgs Bosun has and will continue to be tested and refined, tested and refined ad naseum because that is what science does. Religion doesn't. Never has, never will be able to.

But he knows that. Or one would presume that he would know that being that, he being a Phd from Cornell in Geology and teaches at ASU. So maybe, perhaps not.

The big difference, would be that Sarewitz unless he wrote his article with a type writer and not on a computer or a tablet, or a cell phone or whatever he used, all of that came from the understanding, testing and implementation of those little particles that he purports that to the average person is the same as belief in fairies. iPhone uses (my self included) might be dogmatic. Iphones, the components that make it up and the science that leads to making them are not.

So you don't have to take an expert at his/her word like you do with snake oil salesman religious clergy. Pick up your phone and make a call.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
12:28 PM on 08/30/2012
Science formulates hypotheses and tests them against evidence. Only hypotheses that agree with the evidence remain for further consideration.

Religion starts with ideas that some person or group has formulated. Anything that disagrees with the formulation is discarded. It is not a search for truth, but an attempt to maintain a myth.
researcher
researcher
03:10 PM on 08/30/2012
Cats dont have owners they have staff. :-)

You may have a good understanding of cats but the human mind be it scientists or religious maybe not so much. to trust science that much?

Science has been hyjacked by the materialists just as religion has been hyjacked by organized religion. trust neither.

The materialist popes are scientists and the religious have their popes also.
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MagicManDoneIt
When facts are lacking. Just say...
11:10 PM on 08/30/2012
If I asked you not to comment again until you can write one that has a point, we'd never see you again.
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PhilosopherJon
Don’t be mΣαη
12:05 AM on 08/31/2012
"Science has been hyjacked by the materialists"

You seem to have no idea how science works. It's not a hijacking; It has always been a requisite of science that hypotheses be falsifiable.
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onionboy
Blessed are the Cheese Makers
12:23 PM on 08/30/2012
Nice article.

One thing about the Higgs Boson (since it's in the title) is that it just happens to be the last fundamental particle we need strong evidence for. It's not like we have no evidence for fundamental particles at all and are just betting on a whim that there is a Higgs Boson. If you build a 50-piece puzzle and a piece is missing, it's not 'faith' that there really is a piece somewhere. It's just plain logical to surmise that such a piece exists, but we just can't find it yet.

That is how it differs from gods. If we had discovered the existence of a god of the sun, a god of the sky, a god of the ocean, and so forth; and we had not yet found a god of electricity, it would be logical for someone to believe there was a god of electricity even though we didn't have any evidence for it yet. I would not find that a leap of 'faith' at all. It's logical and supported by tangential evidence, even if not direct evidence.

But there is no evidence for any higher intelligences or gods or 'designers' or whatever supernatural force or individual someone wants to bring up. Therefore, any believe requires pure faith...not simple logic. And THAT IS FINE, but it is not analogous to believing there is a Higgs boson or abiogenesis or any other not-yet-discovered phenomenon that fits into an existing evidence-supported framework.
11:18 AM on 08/30/2012
Science requires that theories be proven by experimentation that that the results of experiments must be reproducible and verifiable. That makes science very different from religion where assertions are made which are not subject to verification. Sure, adherents claim that they have proof, but it is always anecdotal and backed up by all sorts of qualifications. If the same prayer does not obtain the same results, it wasn't done properly, or sincerely, or god decided that the objective wasn't what the adherent really needed, etc.
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phal4875
The world is run by cats; we just feed them.
12:29 PM on 08/30/2012
I had just written my post and then saw yours. Fanned.
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10:58 AM on 08/30/2012
"As a practical matter, we all must accept what experts tell us about fields we have not studied ourselves."

I don't agree that acceptance without study or investigation is a practical exercise. It removes skepticism, questioning and reasoning.

It doesn't matter what field of science or which expert is doing research. If you can't question the research how would it ever improve?
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Dan Jighter
02:26 PM on 08/30/2012
Firstly, it's a practical issue. As everyone in research knows, you can't know everything. Thus you have to trust people to check and know things you don't know. Ideally you would check and know everything, obviously, but you just can't.

What you can do is check some things to your level of expertise. The more of an expert and enthusiast/professional in a field you are, the more you can and should check. But once you check a few things and find a particular field or expert tends to know what they are doing and to get it right, you trust that their claims in the future are correct because you have a feel for the gist of how they got their answer and you know they know what they are doing. And of course if they claim something that sounds dubious or counterintuitive, you can always double check them from time to time and notice when they are wrong.
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Joffan
Time is an illusion. Lunchtime doubly so.
01:56 PM on 08/31/2012
++fan
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Dan Jighter
02:27 PM on 08/30/2012
Note that I as a mathematician completely lack the expertise to properly question and investigate and double check what most physicists and biologists claim. I have only a superficial understanding why for example David Sloan Wilson is wrong or the Higgs Boson exists. I trust people who are more competent in getting it right than me to explain at my level the right answer in such matters. I don't wish to be a mere skeptic and think for myself, I'm not that good at thinking for something that ambitious! I'll too often get it wrong! Rather I wish to get the correct answer by thinking critically AND working with others who might know something I don't.

There is a fundamental difference from someone like myself who is scientifically literate and knows how science works and how physicists got their answer. Who thinks critically. Who has taken the time to learn some science and to become an expert in my own field. Who admits when they don't know something. And someone who just blindly accepts whatever an expert tells them without attempting to understand or investigate the matter and without any competence or exercise of critical thinking whatsoever.
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08:14 PM on 08/30/2012
I understand it's easy to assume facts based on what we hear from experts. However acceptance based on convenience is still not a practical exercise.