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Jason Salzman

Jason Salzman

Posted: March 1, 2011 10:34 AM

There's a nice buffet of mental food on the Internet. And websites and bloggers are helping themselves to huge servings of it, in the form of whatever newspapers offer online.

People who run content-starved outlets steal articles from websites and post them on their own sites, without payment.

Who cares, you might say. Most newspapers post all their articles on the web, free for anyone to read, whether they've got a subscription or not.

But many newspapers definitely care, because they make money when people visit their websites to read articles. Web advertisements are an increasingly important part of newspapers' shrinking revenue stream.

When an entire article is copied from a newspaper's website and posted on another website, fewer people go to the newspaper's website to view the original article, and the paper makes less money.

Some newspapers are trying to protect their articles from being stolen. They're trying to develop clearer "fair-use" policies, specifying for example how much of an article can be copied by a blog or website without violating the newspaper's copyright.

The Las Vegas Review-Journal has gone further. Its parent company, Stephens Media, has helped grubstake a law firm called Righthaven, which is suing Internet entities that post articles from the paper without proper authorization.

Righthaven buys the copyright to a specific newspaper article and then sues the website or blog that posts all or even part of it, typically for $150,000 and the rights to the domain name of the website that allegedly commits the offense. Most of the approximately 200 lawsuits filed against organizations, ranging from the Democratic Party of Nevada to GOP Senate candidate Sharron Angle, have been settled out of court.

In December, on behalf of MediaNews, owner of the Denver Post, Righthaven sued the Drudge Report for allegedly publishing the Post's content in violation of copyright law.

Critics, including the Electronic Frontier Foundation, say Righthaven is abusing copyright law by buying copyrights to articles it will never use and by demanding excessive damages, particularly from small-time bloggers who can't afford to defend themselves.

Critics also don't like Righthaven's tactic of filing lawsuits without sending a warning letter first. These warnings, referred to as "takedown" or "cease-and-desist" letters, would give a website owner the chance to remove the offending content to avoid a lawsuit.

Courts in Nevada are sorting out the complexities of whether a website's copying of a newspaper article -- even if it's used in its entirety and deprives a newspaper of potential revenue -- can be justified under "fair-use" doctrine. Critics say the doctrine is more complicated than the Righthaven legal briefs would have you believe.

These critics have a point, but in the bigger picture, the newspaper industry's cause is just.

The Righthaven approach, imperfect as it is, gets to the heart of one of the most important questions in journalism: how do newspapers protect online content?

Organizations shouldn't post entire news stories on their websites, and bloggers shouldn't reproduce newspaper articles in their online diaries.

Here's why: news articles are written by journalists, who need to be paid. And most of their salaries come from advertisements. (There are exceptions of course, including OtherWords, the non-profit editorial service that happens to be distributing my op-ed to newspapers and new media.)

Newspapers' advertising revenue has tanked in recent years. For journalism to survive, newspaper websites must sell more ads.

The routine looting and scattering of a publication's website content across the blogosphere, where newspapers have no prayer reaping any profit, amounts to one more nail in the coffin of journalism. Advertising dollars will then flow to any online outfit that posts stolen news stories.

That's not only unfair, but it's bad for our democracy. We need journalists to play a watchdog role now more than ever.

Sure, Righthaven is unseemly in the way it's suing people, including "little" people. But if you have a better idea on how newspapers should safeguard their online content, lay it on me.

A former media critic for the Rocky Mountain News, Jason Salzman blogs about media issues at www.bigmedia.org

This column was originally distributed by the OtherWords syndicate.

 

Follow Jason Salzman on Twitter: www.twitter.com/BigMediaBlog

 
 
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04:51 PM on 03/07/2011
The model of copyright as a regime of property and theft is fundamentally flawed since unlike typical property it can be reproduced at no cost to other users and minimal marginal production costs. The gravamen of the harm in a legitimate copyright case is unjust enrichment -- and the penalty should be proportionate to the enjust enrichment that results. I am deeply skeptical of the proposition that content that is already a link away from free viewing by members of the general public is harming the revenue stream of newspapers much. They don't have to toss it onto the net for free of charge viewing by anyone in the world with anyone free to post a sample and a link. Total recopying is certainly bad form, but this de minimus breach of internet etiquette with trivial economic impact should not be a $150,000 infraction either. It is the online equivalent of littering, not grand theft. It is worth noting that much of the world specifically exempts news from copyright protection and yet somehow, newspapers soldier on in those parts of the woorld without that protection.
11:23 AM on 03/06/2011
While I would tend to agree that Copy/Paste plagiarism is an issue, (especially since a lot of the big news organizations don't really do much worthwhile reporting, doing little more than Copy/Paste plagiarizing of White House Press statements themselves. There's so little true investigative journalism in this country that it would be laughable, if it weren't so freaking terrifying and sad.

While web-based news sites such as Think Progress etc. are getting much better at this, it should be the realization of all such site's (Big and small alike) administrators and Editors that good investigative journalism can and often is done with little or no budget or manpower, mostly, if not exclusively from the journalist's workplaces, be they an office, or from home. It shouldn't exclusively be so, but it can be to start.

I think that if something this relatively trivial is what brings traditional news down and is one of the last 'nails in the coffin', I say hammer it in, because they're too sickly and corrupt to stand on their own anyway.
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03:45 PM on 03/05/2011
Newspapers which do not wish to be indexed and aggregated by google already possess all the power they require to opt out.
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GV97
Song Bird
02:41 PM on 03/05/2011
Probably newspapers have to do this in order to survive.
If they wish to retain some presence on the internet do a headline of the top stories
that you are featuring.... but people will have to buy the paper to read them.
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Anne Butterfield
Progressive energy views
07:53 PM on 03/03/2011
And to atexasdem -- no way no how is the net the primary source of news, anymore than the television is the primary source of teeny little people talking in sitcoms.

The internet is a delivery device, not a source.

Newspapers and their journalists are news sources... and people living out the news stories are the ultimate source.

(I DO WISH NEWSPAPERS WOULD REMEMBER THIS, they think they deserve to profit off of everything appearing on their pages, including the misery of crime victims, even the letters to the editor, offered for free by community members.)

The internet is a mode of delivery and recombination of news, not source of news (with the exception of online entities like huffpo that PAY staff to do original reporting).

Journalists are real professionals who deserve, like teachers and firemen etc., to be paid for what they do.
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Anne Butterfield
Progressive energy views
07:42 PM on 03/03/2011
The number one reason Journalism is suffering is NOT unauthorized use of copyrighted material, it's the loss of classified ad revenue due to the rise of Craig's list, and the loss of such revenue means less budget for paying reporting staff. And if the reporters do a crappy job acting like "stenographers" as Joe Romm likes to jibe, it may be that they're poorly trained for the subject (as in climate reporting) or over worked (as in small local papers). The use of copyrighted material is a secondary threat. Before the 'net articles got quoted all the time w/o referral back to their graphic pages where the ads were, so today's efforts to "recoup" said advertising efficacy is a ruse, a reach, a grasping at straws. Still, the papers' efforts are understandable, tho lame, and sometimes punitive, and RightHaven acts despicable, like an ambulance chaser.
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atexasdem
Pointing out the foolishness of republican voters.
05:49 PM on 03/03/2011
With the death of traditional newspapers and the rise of the internet as the primary news source, newspapers are having to reinvent themselves. Most importantly they are going to have to discover new revenue sources. Look at this site as a perfect example. It's free to us but it has more ads and pop up ad's than network television. HuffingtonPost is profitable. The New York Times and Washington Post as examples had best realize, everything really has changed. Google makes money. Huffingtonpost makes money. They're going to have to figure out how to do it too.
05:03 PM on 03/03/2011
There's an assumption underlying this piece and hundreds of others as well that we have some moral imperative to keep all these newspapers alive and well.

Nevermind the copyright trolls, who are bad, no doubt about it. But newspapers, television stations routinely quote each other. Hundreds of newspapers are filled with the same wire service stories as one another. A very large amount of this venerated material arejust press releases. There's a real question that news companies and news employees need to be frozen in the present state. TV killed off hundreds of papers in my lifetiime. With each recession over decades, newspapers have lost advertisers that never came back -- before the term blogger was invented. The mini boom in news in the early years of the 2000 decade was due to an ability to raise prices.

If newspapers were more compelling, they would charge because they could charge. There are some publications that are pulling this off. Maybe they have specialized audiences, but I'm not sure that's necessary evil.
11:45 AM on 03/06/2011
Perfectly stated. Hammer the next nail in...Fanned.
07:46 PM on 03/02/2011
You are completely on the wrong side of the debate here. Righthaven's sole purpose is to buy copyrights, get the mom & pop blogger to settle for $6,000 or more, and move on. If they are so noble, why do the articles RH sues over still appear at the Las Vegas Review Journal with a copyright that says it's STILL owned by Stephens Media. Didn't RH buy the copyright? You can't purchase the rights to reprint the article from RH because they are a LAW firm. They are currently suing over 250 people, one of whom is mildly autistic, they give zero take-down notices, and the only reason RH knows a site has a certain article/excerpt is because that site is driving traffic back to the LVRJ. What they are doing is despicable, and your defense of them is deplorable. Talk to the people they have bankrupted for making innocent mistakes, and for not being well-versed in copyright law. I suggest people read Steve Green's RH coverage for a more balanced view: http://www.lasvegassun.com/staff/steve-green/
01:21 AM on 03/02/2011
"When an entire article is copied from a newspaper's website and posted on another website, fewer people go to the newspaper's website to view the original article, and the paper makes less money.

Some newspapers are trying to protect their articles from being stolen. They're trying to develop clearer "fair-use" policies, specifying for example how much of an article can be copied by a blog or website without violating the newspaper's copyright."

Well you might want to tell Righthaven about that whole "fair use" thing, since according to them, I just infringed your copyright. That's because the majority of their suits haven't been about re-posting "entire articles" at all, but about mere quotes of a couple paragraphs from much longer articles that also linked back to the original source. So according to Righthaven, quoting = copyright infringement. Never mind the fact that the ability to quote someone when responding to them has been a fundamental part of written dialogue since the dawn of writing. Nope. You want to quote a LJR or Denver Post article to respond or criticize it? License fee please, or else we sue you! Way to defend journalistic integrity there buddy. I'd love to see the Denver Post or Huffington Post get sued every time they quote an article from another newspaper!

My recommendation to Jason: next time you set out to defend copyright trolls, make sure they have some credibility in the first place.
hellinahandcart
Your silence will not protect you.
01:42 PM on 03/05/2011
Fanned/faved. Keep tellin' it, Patrick!
03:05 PM on 03/01/2011
In most cases the blogs in question are probably operating under fair use but can’t afford the costs to defend their case and end up settling for a few thousand dollars since that is their only option from a financial standpoint. In the case of DailyKix.com, the details involve linking to a thumbnail image created by one of the popular social news sites (like Digg, Mixx, YahooBuzz). There was no posting of the story or uploading of the image to the site since all content is from the public APIs of the social news sites used for content.
Righthaven’s court filings seem to be cookie cutter in nature without research into the specifics of each site they are suing. In the long run, the Denver Post and other sites using Righthaven will lose out as nobody is going to share or link back to stories on their site.
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Jason Salzman
10:20 AM on 03/02/2011
I don't like the way Righthaven is doing this, in many respects. I don't understand why they sue small-time bloggers, for example, and I know that they've sued over minor blog use of copy. (My understanding is that most of the time the theft is more than a few grafs.) The newspapers themselves should be protecting their articles--and talking about copyright more. I'm not a Righthaven flunky, as you can see on my Bigmedia.org blog. But without sounding melodramatic, we, you and me, America, is standing back watching serious journalism die in front of us. And we're not doing anything about it. I hate Righthaven in many ways. But newspapers aren't just another useless corporate product. Until somehow we figure out how to protect them, I'm gonna support aggressive campaigns to try to help them.
11:16 AM on 03/02/2011
I’m not ‘standing back’, I’m getting sued by Rigthhaven for using the content APIs from sites like Digg, Mixx, YahooBuzz and Tweetmeme! I’ve had to pull all stories from the Denver Post that were pulled in from these social news sites and I’ve had to block the Denver Post domain for fear that the next Denver Post visitor is going to submit a story using the social sharing tools the Denver Post supplies and encourages readers to use.
07:55 PM on 03/02/2011
Journalism isn't dying because of bloggers. That is untrue and not even factual. Journalism is dying because more people get original (not copied), researched content from bloggers, read their news online (so print ad revenue is down), and generally distrust reporters because they don't have the staff and resources (money) to actually investigate what they are reporting. Most of the time a reporter is simply regurgitating what they are told or read from a press release. You say you don't understand why they are primarily suing small-time bloggers? Because most bloggers have no money for a lawyer! They settle to make it go away. To repair their names being splattered on the Internet as a copyright infringer because RH's lawsuits are public documents. To mount a defense against these trolls would cost about $15,000 in lawyer fees (at a minimum). Settling for around $6K then sounds like a bargain. That is what they are counting on. I applaud the bloggers who are fighting back and I hope they put RH out of business with their counterclaims. And I hope the EFF.org continues to help people pro bono.
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EndTheEcho
01:34 PM on 03/01/2011
I am a bit confused by this statement in the article:

They're trying to develop clearer "fair-use" policies, specifying for example how much of an article can be copied by a blog or website without violating the newspaper's copyright.

Isn't fair-use policy set in US law, not by what the newspaper thinks is fair use?
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Jason Salzman
07:04 PM on 03/01/2011
Ultimately, yes, the courts decide. But the newspaper, or a copyright owner like Righthaven, can decide to sue.

If the newspaper is clear about what it considers fair use, and tells the public, then maybe fewer people will try to "steal" its content. And bloggers will feel comfortable using newspaper content in a way that everyone--bloggers and the newspaper--benefit from.