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Jayshree Bajoria

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Rethinking U.S. Policy Toward Iran

Posted: 09/23/11 08:03 PM ET

Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad delivered his characteristic anti-West speech Thursday at the U.N. General Assembly, prompting the ritual large-scale walkout by diplomats, including from the United States. Ahmadinejad's appearance at the U.N. came a day after Iran released two U.S. hikers, imprisoned in the country for more than two years. But the release followed a new disagreement between Ahmadinejad and the country's judiciary, who are aligned with the hard-line clerical establishment, which highlights a growing power struggle within Iran.

The rift between Ahmadinejad and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei publicly surfaced in April when Khamenei reversed Ahmadinejad's decision to fire an intelligence minister. Since then, many of the Iranian president's closest supporters have either been arrested or are under investigation by the judiciary. "At the heart of the tussle between Ahmadinejad and his former clerical mentors," writes Jamsheed K. Choksy of the Center on American and Global Security, "is the question of whether the Islamic republic and its system of velayat-e faqih, or governance by an Islamic jurist, should endure or be discarded."

Ahmadinejad's diminishing political fortunes poses a dilemma for the U.S. on the seriousness of any deal the Iranian president proposes on the country's controversial nuclear program. In an interview with the New York Times' Nicholas D. Kristof this week, Ahmadinejad said Iran would give up enriching uranium for nuclear fuel if the West would supply uranium enriched to a 20 percent level. This contradicts Iran's nuclear program chief, who said Iran will not halt its production of 20 percent enriched uranium.

Despite the discrepancy, the U.S. should consider Ahmadinejad's offer, say nuclear experts David Albright and Christina Walrond. They recommend Washington arrange the sale of two years worth of nuclear fuel in exchange for a two-year halt to any production of uranium enriched over 5 percent. Even temporarily capping Iran's stock of enriched uranium, they add, "would reduce concern that Iran is producing weapon-grade uranium piecemeal."

Iran's decision to increase its stockpile of enriched uranium to 20 percent levels has been a top concern for the U.S., who believes Tehran is trying to create a nuclear weapons program. Tehran maintains its nuclear program is only to provide energy to the country. Meanwhile, estimates of Iran's nuclear progress vary widely among experts in the West.

A new report by the independent Institute for Science and International Security looks at Iran's increasing stockpile of enriched uranium and concludes that this is evidence that "Iran seeks at least the capability to build nuclear weapons." The latest quarterly report from the U.N. nuclear watchdog IAEA also points to concerns about the possible existence of undisclosed "activities related to the development of a nuclear payload for a missile."

However, nuclear experts from the Federation of American Scientists argue that the actual science of Iran's nuclear program, as revealed by the latest IAEA report, is far milder than what Tehran or Washington portrays.

Iran's noncompliance with U.N. Security Council resolutions demanding it cease its nuclear fuel-cycle activities has led to four rounds of U.N. sanctions and unilateral U.S. sanctions. U.S. policy toward Tehran, mostly comprising of carrot and stick, has so far failed to persuade Tehran to halt uranium enrichment.

CFR's Ray Takeyh and the Brookings Institution's Kenneth M. Pollack say the U.S. should increase pressure on the Iranian regime to slow down the nuclearization process and ultimately erode the regime's popular base. "An attempt to systematically hollow out the Islamist state should be one of Washington's top priorities." They recommend Washington connect with Iranian opposition groups, provide Internet freedom, sabotage Iran's nuclear program using computer viruses like Stuxnet, and expand the focus of the international community's ire at Iran from its nuclear program to its abuse of human rights.

However, former Iranian nuclear negotiator and diplomat Hossein Mousavian says rapprochement between Washington and Tehran is possible only through direct talks when, for the duration of engagement policy, "hostile actions, sanctions, and other forms of coercive pressure are put on hold." Recently, outgoing U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen also suggested that it would be in the U.S. national interest to resume contact with Tehran at a political, diplomatic or military-to-military level.

This article first appeared on CFR.org.

 

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Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad delivered his characteristic anti-West speech Thursday at the U.N. General Assembly, prompting the ritual large-scale walkout by diplomats, including from the Uni...
Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad delivered his characteristic anti-West speech Thursday at the U.N. General Assembly, prompting the ritual large-scale walkout by diplomats, including from the Uni...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Erewhon7
Join atheists, our non-prophet organization
12:03 PM on 09/25/2011
It is extremely important to communicate with one's enemy. Both Iranians and Americans understand this. But main difficulty is this: U.S. has a clear political leader the President. Whereas Iran's true political leader, The Supreme Leader Ayatollah does NOT communicate with non-Muslims making reliable communication virtually impossible.
12:45 PM on 09/25/2011
Since this so called nuclear crisis started in 2003, Iranians agreed to sign additional protocols and suspended their program for what was supposed to be 6 months for confidence building in order to negotiate a deal. Two years later, they opened the seals on Natanz and we santioned them. From day one, US demanded complete suspension of enrichment program, and only hasn't changed its position, it has made it a precondition.

Now tell me this, is "do as we tell you, then we can talk about why you should be doing as we tell you" an attempt at communication?
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Erewhon7
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02:03 PM on 09/25/2011
Nothing in your post refutes or even remotely challenges my opinion and facts I posted.
Especially facts that:
A.The Supreme Leader, Ayatollah of Iran sets Iranian foreign policy. According to Iranian constitution ( article 110).
B. Said Supremo does not communicate with non-Muslims, hence making reliable communication virtually impossible.
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AlfredE69
Liberty Lovin' Tree Hugger
08:51 PM on 09/24/2011
I can't fault Iran for wanting/having a nuclear weapons program. After all, the US has been the only nation to use those weapons on a civilian population. In addition, the US was involved in Iran's 1953 coup. And of course, the US invaded its neighbor Iraq without just cause.
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Erewhon7
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02:37 PM on 09/25/2011
Iranian junta is free to develop their nuke weapons and we are free to nudge this irrational despotic government towards inevitable collapse by applying ever increasing levels of political, economic, military and ideological pressure.
It is especially important to support Iranian dissidents who are risking their lives to expose and denounce this Antediluvian regime.
03:39 PM on 09/25/2011
You continue to repeat the same mantra about the non-existent Iranian nuclear weapons.

Iranian dissidents who have left their country are not the ones that have a right to make descisions about their motherland. If they wanted to help their country they would be there like the other 70+ million Iranians who are living there and have taken the good and the bad. It is very easy to sit outside of your country and make judgements on behalf of the wants and dislikes of the majority living in the country.
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Erewhon7
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06:45 PM on 09/25/2011
Your support of Iranian fundamentalist junta is rejected as regressive and reactionary. Untold thousands of Iranians tortured and executed by this regime deserve better.
02:10 PM on 09/24/2011
U.S. doesn't even care if Iran has nuclear weapons (not that they do or will in the future). If they cared, they would have disarmed Pakistan which is the heaven of terr-rorists. U.S. is against other nations' Independence. They don't want Iran to set an example to the third world countries that progress and development is also possible without being an slave to the west. All these Nuclear crap is just political gimmicks. If one issue is resolved, they'll come up with another one and another one...
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Wozzeck
Pearl Bay, Australia
04:48 PM on 09/24/2011
The main issue is that Iran supports the Palestinians. It's therefore on Israel's enemy list, and, since the USA's middle east policy is an extension of Israel's, it's on the USA's enemy list.
01:14 PM on 09/24/2011
The incredible stupidity and arrogance of US foreign policy against Iran having nuclear weapons while Israel can threaten the entire region with theirs is in keeping with our hypocriscy on the issue of Palestine. We should be much more balanced in our approach to the middle east.
10:59 AM on 09/24/2011
While I like this article, it misses to explain the events leading to Iran's decision to enrich to 20%. Tehran Research Reactor was originally a TRIGA reactor sold to Iran by US in 1965. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIGA There are about 60 of them around the world, and this it burns HEU. After 1979 revolution, US refused to sell Iran fuel for this reactor and little attention was given to it during the Iran/Iraq war. In 1993, under a contract, INVAP of Argentina rebuilt the reactor to burn 19.75% LEU fuel and modified it for medical and agricultural activities. It has always been under IAEA safeguards.

http://www.smh.com.au/world/iran-wants-to-buy-reactor-fuel-20091103-hv8y.html

http://www.islamtribune.com/2010/02/23/iran-ready-to-buy-nuclear-reactor-fuel-letter.html

As usual, there were issues, and eventually, Turkey and Brazil got involved and worked out a deal that had support of IAEA

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8685846.stm

US rejects the deal and sanctioned Iran in 2010. That's when Iran decided to enrich to 20% and make its own fuel. Since Iran has made significant investment and progress in making the 20% LEU and already has its fuel fabrication facility ready, it's doubtful that Iran would agree to any deal considering last time they 2 sides negotiated, US offer was worse.

IMHO, we only have ourselves to blame if this is a concern now.
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Wozzeck
Pearl Bay, Australia
09:25 AM on 09/24/2011
"Tehran maintains its nuclear program is only to provide energy to the country."

False. The extremely small amount of uranium enriched to the 20% level is vital to Iran's nuclear medicine program and is used in cancer treatment.
06:07 AM on 09/24/2011
I am really surprised at the type of recommendations that CFR's Ray Takeyh and the Brookings Institution's Kenneth M. Pollack have made regarding Iran. These gentlemen should have realized by now that Iran will not succumb to such pressures. Furthermore, such pressures will not erode the Islamic Republic's standing with the Iranian people. They are making a big mistake if they believe that the Iranian people will rise up against their gov. as has happened in many of the Arab States. In fact the opposite they have witnessed what such up-risings have led to - civil war, destruction of their respective countries and total instability. Furthermore, what real opposition are they speaking about? The so called "green movement"? That group represented a very tiny fraction of the population? The MEK - the most hated group by all Iranians?

The recommendations demonstrate lack of thorough analysis and understanding of the Iranian political spectrum.
05:34 AM on 09/24/2011
The offer by Iran to buy in the enriched uranium has been on the table for years. I recollect that Bazil and South Africa put together a deal on that basis at the behest of the U.S., only to have the U.S. veto the deal when it was agreed to by Iran. Which makes one suspect that yet again in international affairs it is the U.S. which is not being honest. The peverse effect of this leaves Iran with no option but to go down the enrichment route which for them is highly expensive, technically difficult, and causes them problems internationally, which is why they would happily buy the stuff in.
04:54 AM on 09/24/2011
The Iranian people have no more than two maybe three years to overthrow their government before they face the annihilation of their country.
05:23 AM on 09/24/2011
Do you know something we don't? And who is going to annihilate Iran?
06:20 AM on 09/24/2011
Yes.
03:29 AM on 09/24/2011
The article might want to point out that the right wing approach to hollow out Iran is our current policy.
We fund opposition.
We sabotage.
We attack economically and bully others to participate.
The media overflows with daily hit pieces on any possible criticism from nuclear to human rights.

The right wing is dictating policy now and getting everything on the list presented.
Pointing out the obvious is occasionally necessary, as is the fact that their being quoted as wanting these things may be intentional obfuscation that those things are currently occuring.
In effect, they are enabling current policy to continue to fail by refusing to admit we are doing as they want but still failing. They are defending and selling their approach by denying their approach is policy.
That deserves to be questioned.

The treaty we signed that gives Iran the right to enrich might deserve a mention too.
03:12 AM on 09/24/2011
There is no US policy on Iran. There is an Israeli policy on Iran that the US enforces for them. Much the same as the Israeli policy on the Palestinians.
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Erewhon7
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12:41 AM on 09/24/2011
there's nothing wrong with negotiating with Iran on a variety of issues.
As long as unrelenting pressure is exerted on Iran in military, economic, diplomatic,political and ideological areas.
Let's not mince word. Iran is an enemy of the West in general, and U.S. in particular.
Let's talk to the enemy, but never forget he not a friend while doing our utmost to help Iranians to overthrow its oppressive theocratic government.
05:30 AM on 09/24/2011
"As long as unrelenting pressure is exerted on Iran in military, diplomatic, political and ideological areas" - well all of this is currently being used against Iran and how do you think they will negotiate based on this type of gun-boat diplomacy genious?
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09:28 AM on 09/24/2011
Note that all of the things you mention are completely useless and ineffective since only the US, Israel and a few countries in Europe even care. China and most of Asia are happy to have full economic and political ties to Iran.