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Jeff Biggers

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Ethnic Studies Court Emergency in Arizona: Only an Injunction Can Prevent Irreparable Harm

Posted: 11/15/11 06:53 PM ET

Less than a week before an Administrative Law Judge could make his recommendation on the fate of Arizona's controversial Ethnic Studies ban, plaintiffs for the acclaimed Ethnic Studies/Mexican American Studies program in Tucson filed a motion for a preliminary injunction yesterday in a federal district court, seeking a court order to halt any immediate crackdown.

The motion charges that the "vagueness and overbreadth" of the Ethnic Studies ban and "its enforcement by Superintendents (John) Huppenthal and (Tom) Horne violate the plaintiffs' constitutional rights," and adds that "statute and its application violate the plaintiffs' rights to Equal Protection, Free Speech and Substantive Due Process."

Despite overwhelming local and national support for the embattled Mexican American Studies program, which was praised by an independent audit for its inclusiveness and high graduation rates and found in compliance with the state's extremist law, Huppenthal has openly maintained his intention to terminate the program or withhold $15 million from the Tucson Unified School District, regardless of the Administrative Law Judge's findings.

"Enforcement action is underway and nearing to a close," the motion stresses. "As a direct result, elimination of the Mexican American Studies ("MAS") program is imminent. Cognizable constitutional harm has and continues to be inflicted upon the plaintiffs, which will only increase in severity if the enforcement action undertaken remains unchecked."

The increasingly erratic Huppenthal, a Tea Party extremist with no educational background, who campaigned in 2010 on a platform to "stop la raza" or Mexicans, recently compared the acclaimed Mexican American Studies program to Hitler's paramilitary Jugend. Huppenthal refused to apologize for the comment, though he later offered a formal apology for comparing "known homosexuals" to neo-Nazi's. Former Superintendent Tom Horne, the current Attorney General, also invoked violent imagery earlier this summer in his calls to "destroy" Mexican American Studies in Arizona.

According to the motion: "The urgency with which the plaintiffs seek this preliminary injunction is entirely generated by Superintendent Huppenthal. Since issuing his Finding on June 15, 2011, he has vigorously prosecuted this enforcement action and consistently indicated that he will act to eliminate this program. The plaintiffs recently proposed a stipulation by which Superintendent Huppenthal would agree to stay any enforcement action until such time as the Court rules on the merits of the plaintiffs' claims. Superintendent Huppenthal rejected that offer."

In a stunning breakdown of the state's obsessive witch hunt, which has drawn condemnation from across the country, the motion delineates several areas of discrimination against Tucson's Latino community, noting that that Superintendents Huppenthal and Horne "have taken steps to shut down only the MAS program; thus they discriminate on the basis of the choice made by Latino students and educators to enroll and work in a program that is designed to improve the academic success of Latinos through the study of the Mexican American perspective of history, literature and art."

Declaring that time "is in short order," the motion outlines the "substantial negative effects" of Huppenthal's actions on the Mexican American Studies program and on the plaintiffs, and appeals, "only an injunction can prevent irreparable Harm."

The motion concludes:


Among the many flaws contained in HB 2281 is the unmistakable message to our youth that the promise of the Constitution to protect them all equally is a myth; that the history, literature and culture of at least one group is not worthy of being taught in school. If the State of Arizona can take away the right of students to learn about the historical, literary and artistic contributions of Mexican Americans to the American experience, then the Constitution is a hollow document. The fact that the teachers "are educating the young for citizenship is a reason for scrupulous protection of Constitutional freedoms of the individual, if we are not to strangle the free mind at its source and teach youth to discount important principles of our government as mere platitudes." Whatever legitimate role the State may have in setting curriculum standards in Arizona, it must be "within the limits of the Bill of Rights." This is the fundamental requirement that HB 2281 and its application fails to meet.

Plaintiffs do not seek the intervention of this Court to controvert or supersede the legitimate role of the local Governing Board to make curricular decisions. To the contrary, plaintiffs seek to preserve the role of the elected officials of TUSD to decide what curriculum is appropriate and necessary and beneficial for its student population.

 
 
 
 
 
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10:31 AM on 11/18/2011
A lot of responses are just silly. The way I see it, one can take two general approaches:

1. Worry themselves sick over some perceived threat from the "others".
2. Realize that cultural identities shift constantly and simply adapt and continue as best you can. It wouldn't hurt you to speak something other than English either.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
markspence
09:45 PM on 11/19/2011
Are those the only two options available?
01:29 PM on 11/20/2011
What do you propose? If there are other options on the table, please share them with us.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ugly american
"I drank what?"- Last words of Socrates
12:10 PM on 11/17/2011
So requiring that American history and not LaMecha's version is being required in school? Such an affront to Latinos!
LaMecha pushes the idea that the half of the US that Mexico lost 160 years ago still belongs to Mexico and Latinos have some obligation to "overthrow the occupiers" and that white people are "oppressors".
Learning about one's heritage and traditions is a fine thing. Teaching racial hatred and violent overthrow of the government is not.
The Latino Studies program needs to be done away with or vastly reformed. And an organization that advocates "reconquering" part of the country they are in for another nation needs to be booted out of the US, not teaching classes.
12:44 PM on 11/17/2011
great one
01:33 PM on 11/19/2011
Please provide evidence of your claims for the following statements:

"LaMecha pushes the idea that the half of the US that Mexico lost 160 years ago still belongs to Mexico"

"Latinos have some obligation to "overthrow the occupiers"

"White people are "oppressor­s"

"Teaching racial hatred and violent overthrow of the government"

According to the only investigation of what's being taught in these classes, the Cambian Report provides strong evidence that each of the above allegations you make are blatantly false. Please provide some evidence for your claims against the program or desist from stirring up racial fears and confusion. If you have no proof of what you are claiming, then you risk looking like a racial bigot who is concerned that American citizens are being provided a different historical perspective that challenges the "mainstream" view.

(To read the entire report, visit http://www.tucsonweekly.com/images/blogimages/2011/06/16/1308282079-az_masd_audit_final_1_.pdf)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ugly american
"I drank what?"- Last words of Socrates
08:59 AM on 12/28/2011
Check where the administrative law judge got his information. Seems he finally came to the same conclusion. And here's a hint where to look; LaMecha's website.
07:08 PM on 11/16/2011
Great news. It is high time that Horne, Huppenthal, Pearce (JT Ready's favorite politician) and others of their mindset face the folly of their way. Being American does not mean what these guys represent.
07:07 PM on 11/16/2011
Anyone with access to a search engine would be horrified by what this class teaches.
10:18 PM on 11/16/2011
Please share what's so horrifying about the class. Your vague comments add nothing to the conversation. Clearly state your concerns with the pedagogy of the class and we can discuss the merits of your position.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
markspence
06:41 PM on 11/16/2011
Witch Hunt? Get over it - every single group here wants to be "accepted" yet they take every measure to separate themselves from mainstream society - they preach we are a melting pot - but as long as me the "Mexican Meatloaf" is on this side of the stew pot, and me the "Black BBQ" gets the top of the stew pot and me the "Muslim Mushrooms" aren't mixed with the "Christian Croissants."

Creating all of these "silo" groups only adds to the dissention between culutres - it does not bring them together. Every single "silo" demands to be accepted by all of the other "silos" but then doesn't want anyone messing with their "silo."

Idiots - make up your mind - either you want to be a melting pot or you don't.
10:19 PM on 11/16/2011
White folks are the ones who came up with this "melting pot" idea. What it means is that all non-White groups must accept the version of history favored by White Americans. These individuals have decided they would like to hear a different perspective.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
eventhorizon66
Multiversed
01:18 AM on 11/17/2011
What is "white history" anyway? Do you have any knowledge of what is currently being taught these days?
01:35 PM on 11/20/2011
I always find it interesting when people's first response is to tell people to "get over it". Notice that they never direct these comments toward the White officials who are bothering these instructors. Why couldn't they just get over it? Why is there position privileged over everyone else's?
03:54 PM on 11/16/2011
I am a proud mexican american! If this Huppenthal character wants to stop the schools from teaching mexican american history, people shouldnt complain!!!! I didnt learn anything about being mexican from school, I learned it from family, friends and its in my blood!!!!!! They are trying their hardest to make Arizona a racist state! I believe if the mexican american citizens of Arizona stood up and fought with every last mexican drop of blood and sweat they have and spoke out about the issues going on in their schools, they might be able to get change! In these times of chaos in other states, Im glad I live in California!!! Mexicanos frente en alto y con orgullo a pelear por nuestra herencia y cultura!!!!!!!!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
markspence
12:50 AM on 11/17/2011
There's nothing wrong with learning Mexican history; it's the way it's being taught.
02:11 PM on 11/19/2011
The same thing can be said about American history, but I don't see anyone making laws on this area.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
hrpmap
Retired man still active..
03:53 PM on 11/16/2011
Harm to whom? LaRaza, LULAC and their goals?
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Rastageneral
Babylon can't fool I - Rastafari rule I
10:19 PM on 11/15/2011
Thank you Jeff Biggers for covering this. Russell Pearce is out: next up- the witchhunting Attorney General Horne and Superintendent Huppenthal.

¡El Pueblo unido jamás será vencido!
11:02 PM on 11/17/2011
No! Que lastima.