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Jeff Schweitzer

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Life on Mars and the Garden of Eden

Posted: 08/01/2012 6:16 pm

The latest Mars rover, Curiosity, will land on the Red Planet in a few days, if all goes well. Should Curiosity find evidence of past life on Mars, allow me to preempt what will certainly be a rewrite of history on the part of the world's major religions. All will come out and say such a discovery is completely consistent with religious teachings. Nonsense. Let us be clear that the Bible is unambiguous about creation; the Earth is the center of the universe, only humans were made in the image of God, and all life was created in six days. All life in all the heavens. In six days. So when we discover that life exists or existed elsewhere in our solar system or on a planet orbiting another star in the Milky Way, or in a planetary system in another galaxy, we will see a huge effort to square that circle with amazing twists of logic and contorted justifications. But do not buy the historical edits: Life on another planet is completely incompatible with religious tradition. Any other conclusion is nothing but ex post facto rationalization to preserve the myth. Let us see why more specifically.

From Genesis 1:1, we get:

God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, over all the creatures that move along the ground." So God created man in his own image, in the image of god he created him; male and female he created them.

Nothing in that mentions alien worlds, which the ancients knew nothing about, of course. Man was told to rule over the fish on the Earth, not on other planets. But God would have known of these alien worlds, so it is curious that he did not instruct the authors to include the language.

There is also a problem with Genesis 1:3: "And God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light." Well, the Earth is only 4.5 billion years old, yet the universe, and all the light generating stars in ancient galaxies, are more than 14 billion years old. So when God said, "Let there be light," there already had been light shining bright for at least 10 billion years. He was flipping a switch that had been turned on eons before by the thermonuclear reactions in stars. And that light bathed other suns and other planets long before the Earth was a loose accumulation of rocks orbiting our sun. Given that this is the story of all creation, these tidbits seem an important omission that will undermine the entire story when we find life elsewhere. We were late to the game of "let there be light."

We are also told in unambiguous terms that all life was created in six days. All life in all the heavens. Genesis 2:1 says, "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them." So here we learn that all life, in all the heavens, was complete, and all found on Earth. The complete totality of that creation in all the heavens, all of which was here on Earth, is made clear in the preceding sections of Genesis 1:1-31, with "every herb bearing seed" and "every beast" and "every fowl of the air." There is no modifier like "every fowl of the air -- that is, on Earth, but excluding life on the planet Xenflugan." We know all of this took place in six days, because Genesis 2:2 says, "And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made." Now, some say that these are not real days but allegorical "God days," which could be millions of years each. But no, when God said, "Let there be light," and created life in six days, he tied these events to seasons on Earth, which are governed by real days. So the Bible tells us that all life, in all the heavens, was all put on Earth in six days -- that is, six Earth days. That leaves no room for alien life in this creation story. The discovery of alien life would therefore undermine the entire saga.

We can also have no doubt that the Earth is the center of the universe, because this is where God placed man. In the trial of Galileo, Pope Urban VIII made perfectly clear the church's understanding of God's word that the Earth is unambiguously the center of the universe:

We say, pronounce, sentence and declare that you, Galileo, by reason of these things which have been detailed in the trial and which you have confessed already, have rendered yourself according to this Holy Office vehemently suspect of heresy, namely of having held and believed a doctrine that is false and contrary to the divine and Holy Scripture: namely that Sun is the center of the world and does not move from east to west, and that one may hold and defend as probable an opinion after it has been declared and defined contrary to Holy Scripture.

Yet it would be difficult to claim the unique position of universe center if other planets held life that was zipping around in anti-gravity cars travelling at the speed of light. Clearly, if the ancients knew there was alien life, any form of life at all, the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe would be more difficult to sustain. Again, though, there is no mention of alien worlds or life beyond this little blue dot.

None of the 66 books of the Bible makes any reference to life other than that created by God here on Earth in that six-day period. If we discover life elsewhere, one must admit that that is a an oversight, so much so, in fact, that such a discovery must, to all but the most closed minds, call into question the entire story of creation and anything that follows from that story. How could a convincing story of life's creation leave out life?

As I stated at the beginning, none of this will matter upon life's discovery elsewhere. Religious leaders will simply declare that such life is fully compatible with, in fact predicted by, the Bible. Just like they eventually swept under the rug their being wrong about Earth's position in the heavens. They will create contorted justifications to support this view, cite a few passages of the Bible that could mean anything, and declare victory. Don't say I did not warn you.

 
 
 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
John Richard Smith
Social Justice Advocacy
05:28 AM on 08/13/2012
Ummmm ....

Genesis 1: 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

That's a pretty big hole in this post ...not even quoting the source correctly.

---------------------------

"There is also a problem with Genesis 1:3: "And God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light." Well, the Earth is only 4.5 billion years old, yet the universe, and all the light generating stars in ancient galaxies, are more than 14 billion years old. So when God said, "Let there be light," there already had been light shining bright for at least 10 billion years..."

ummmm .... that's not a bad description of our current knowledge of how the birth of the universe came into being via the "Big Bang"

ps Perhaps one should look up Georges Lemaître, a Roman Catholic priest.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
06:27 PM on 08/13/2012
It's paraphrasing... nothing wrong with that, given the mushy repeated translations.

As you could say about Georges `irascible' Lemaitre: one swallow does not make an evil cult.
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John Richard Smith
Social Justice Advocacy
03:44 AM on 08/14/2012
Gee I don't think I'll be losing any sleep over that stunning rebuttal ...
07:11 PM on 08/08/2012
Yes, because once we discover life exists or existed somewhere else in the universe, we will have finally found the only hole in the bible.
07:19 PM on 08/08/2012
ROFL... I found your remark really amusing, until I noticed that what really happens in reality after such a discovery is very well characterized by "Mormonism".

:-)
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
07:37 PM on 08/08/2012
Yeah, good point. But since it goes to the creation story it might be a bigger hole than the many others.
03:36 AM on 08/09/2012
You may want to make a pilgrimage to Utah to experience first hand what happens when people decide to fill that "hole". There is no need to speculate, as it has been done over a century ago.

:-)
04:51 PM on 08/07/2012
here's the easy explanation. The Bible was written by well-meaning, but otherwise primitive and ignorant people. Not God, people. get over it.
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Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
06:13 PM on 08/07/2012
If only it were that easy the world would be a much better place. Alas, a few billion people feel otherwise; I will never understand why, but they do.
08:31 PM on 08/08/2012
Well, it is that simple. What may not be that simple is how to get the next two or three generations of these folks up to date with, at least, 20th century science. With the current generation we don't even have to try. Their minds are not open enough.
06:52 PM on 08/07/2012
One can argue about how "well meaning" people were who liked to stone their women to death and who liked to keep slaves.

:-)
04:44 PM on 08/06/2012
It really annoys me to no end that people don't understand that the Bible is written using illustrations and allegory (the same way we relate to the world around us). If it had been written in a straight forward scientific manner, ancient humans couldn't have grasped it's message. I think of it as God the Parent's way of speaking to His children. We ourselves tell our children stories using imagery and allegory to get a point across. I know of no parent who would read their children an encyclopedia as a substitute for a proper children's bedtime story. The child simply wouldn't be able to grasp it and would quickly become uninterested. Now there might be some who existed at this time who understood such concepts but when writing any message an author has to be cognizant of their audience and how it might be interpreted. So keeping things simple is usually best. The people at the time were aware of the division of days, so that was used rather than saying billions of years which they would have no awareness of.
So it goes that Genesis is written as our first introduction to Yahveh in the same way we would teach our own children.
06:53 PM on 08/06/2012
Actually, if you are paying attention to the original text, you will notice that much of the bible is written as a legal document. It's a contract that singles out the Jewish people, and only them, as the beneficiaries of G-d.

But I guess you didn't pay much attention to that? Don't worry... not many people below the pay range of theologians do.

:-)

As for the "dumbing down" of information in the bible... that's nonsense. Every proper scientist can explain complex observations to their kids without dumbing them down, at all, or they can explain them in ways that are correct and consistent within the full theory. If G-d couldn't do that, he does not even qualify for the parenting level of an average scientifically literate person.

:-)
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Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
08:55 PM on 08/06/2012
If allegorical then it is open to interpretation; and my interpretation is as valid as yours; and I interpret it to be a badly told fairly tale by a primitive society consumed with fear of the unknown and a hostile environment. If it is meant to be easier to understand through allegory then the authors did a horrible job; the writing is horrible by any standard.
03:46 AM on 08/09/2012
"If allegorical then it is open to interpretation; and my interpretation is as valid as yours"

You are both wrong. The bible is not open to allegorical interpretation. It is a historic document and has to be read in its historical context. Serious people have done that and they have come to some rather fundamental conclusions about it that can be expected to be a lot closer to the truth than idle talk by laypeople about things they didn't spend much time trying to understand in context.

I think, Dr. Schweitzer, you as a scientist can be expected to defer to the proper authorities in this matter... like the history departments specialized on Middle Easter religions in antiquity?
04:42 PM on 08/06/2012
Interesting article but some glaring inconsistencies.
The article states the erroneous assumptions of the Roman Catholic Church towards Galileo when it determined that the Earth (the planet) is the center of the Universe. The Bible never says this nor even implies it. Yet church leaders took it upon themselves to pronounce this as a fact but when proven wrong by Galileo didn't react very well. The author does the same thing but in the opposite fashion. So this only discredits church leaders, not the Bible.

He then speaks about the creative days as if they were literal days rather than time periods. Since the ancients had no knowledge at the time of higher mathematics or even numbers over several thousands it would be reasonable to conclude that when Yahveh inspired Moses to write this account such numbers would have had little meaning to them so He used time periods with separations in those periods showing what was done in a specific order which lines up quite well with the fossil record and evolutionary theories, which is also supported by science as to how the Earth developed.
07:13 PM on 08/06/2012
" Since the ancients had no knowledge at the time of higher mathematics or even numbers over several thousands"

Unfortunately, it's not quite that simple. The Egyptians had a very good sense of experimental mathematics and its engineering applications 2000 years before the Torah was written. Their astronomical observation skills were developed far more than those of the Jewish people. One could even argue that the builders of Stonehenge knew more about the movement of the heavens thousands of years earlier. Mediterranean civilizations had far surpassed the Jewish people in their architectural skills and many could build quite capable vessels thousand years before the main texts of the Jewish Bible are compiled for the final time, whereas the writers of Genesis obviously had absolutely no nautical skills, neither in the construction of ships, nor in the description of nautical phenomena.

So to argue that Genesis is the result of missing knowledge in antiquity is wrong. It is the result of missing knowledge by the writers of Genesis who are obviously writing from a rather limited point of view. Most scholars of the time were probably laughing about the rather restricted ideas contained in these texts.
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Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
08:57 PM on 08/06/2012
There are numerous passages in the bible (which I talk about in detail in Beyond Cosmic Dice) that prove you wrong unambiguously. The bible is absolutely clear not only in implication but with explicit statements that the earth is the center of the universe and the sun orbits the earth. Go back and read the bible.
06:53 PM on 08/07/2012
Citations, please.

:-)
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Jcaesar319
Twas the worst of times;So we got more beer.
01:37 PM on 08/06/2012
I ,for one, am curious to see the scramble that will occur among the throngs of the religous who constantly dispute science , when proof of life is found (and it will be) and they then must put a whole new spin on thier mythos to rectify the lack of biblical mention of life outside the confines of the earth. Can you imagine Pat Robertson and the caniption he will have ?
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erebus99
Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent
12:38 PM on 08/06/2012
I've asked this question already and heard nothing, and I believe it warrants a response.
The author of this article said he wanted to "preempt what will certainly be a rewrite of history on the part of the world's major religions". There are at least 20 major world religions - he covered ONE.
I'm still waiting.
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Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
03:13 PM on 08/06/2012
All those based on the Old and New Testament; pretty obvious, which is why your query did not warrant a response.
04:46 PM on 08/06/2012
More likely because you don't grasp the things upon which you're reported so you can't respond. Big difference between being unwilling and unable.
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erebus99
Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent
05:02 PM on 08/06/2012
Christian dogma is nothing but inconsistencies which are relatively easy to spot. Are we to assume then that Judaism and Islam, both of which have roots in the Old Testament, would not have such problems with life on Mars?
07:03 AM on 08/06/2012
Interesting blog Jeff and the commentators surprisingly polite bye and large. It is, however, too easy to assume that anyone who does not agree with one's own point of view must be an idiot. Many debates about religion, which is based on "revelation" and belief as opposed to science, which is based on investigation, hypothesis, testing, repeatable results and peer review, result in disrespectful language. The humanities are a reflection of what is is to be human and religion is included under that heading. It has a place, despite some of the dumb fool writings and ideas of its practitioners, along with philosophy, literature and the arts. Science can probably explain all the humanities in analytical terms but we would be less than human if we discarded them.
11:52 AM on 08/05/2012
In other words, the discovery of life on another planet or moon will not be the death blow to religion or religious views. To expect it to be so shows a remarkable amount of ignorance regarding humanity and the human condition. For example, the New World was not predicted or written about in the Bible or the Koran. Yet Judaism, Christianity, and Islam survived the discovery of the New World quite well.

Some in the atheist and science communities enjoy hounding people of faith for the inconsistencies in their religious books, written millennia ago, with facts and information discovered over the last few centuries. However that behaviour only plays to the "persecution complex" of the target and has no effect in changing the underlying belief system. If one wants to keep religious dogma from being taught as fact in school or being used for the basis of public policy, the above tactics won't work. Those using them will lose.

The "Flying Spaghetti Monster" is far more effective in preventing "Creation Science" from being taught in public schools. But not because of it's humorous and sarcastic nature. When Fundamentalist Christians realise that once their "Creation Science dogma" enters the classroom all other non Christian religions would get an equal opportunity to present their stories, their demands for "Creation Science" in the school are dropped like a hot potato.
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Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
03:56 PM on 08/05/2012
If your argument really is based on equating the discovery of new lands to the discovery of new life, there is not much else to say; your argument is so flawed as to not warrant further response. And evolution is not a "story" on par with Grimm brothers fairy tales or biblical views on life; it is the most robust scientific advance on record, supported by evidence from genetics, biogeography, cell physiology, bacteriology, and paleontology. And therein lies where the real "ignorance" exists -- equating sound scientific reasoning with fantasy.
09:17 PM on 08/05/2012
I was trying to be polite and tell you that your technique is not effective.  As that obviously does not work, I'll be blunt and say that you are being a jerk. 

First, I didn't say I was a Christian, that is an assumption which you made up all on your own. 

Second, my argument is that religion and religious beliefs are robust, they can they will survive being hit with what outsiders consider contradictory information. 

Third, highly intelligent well educated individuals, such as you, can and are total dumb asses in the social arena. 

Fourth, you think you found the perfect argument to "destroy" Christians regarding the "discovery" of life in the cosmos outside of Earth.  But you have failed to realize people of faith may have been thinking on this issue for centuries that you have only pondered over this past year. 

As for ability to argue, you don't have any.  For in order to argue you must first understand.  I fully understood your article.  I actually agree with it.  You obviously did not take time to read my comment, and it's likely you will not get to the bottom of this reply.  
07:05 PM on 08/05/2012
What makes you believe that Christian fascists will let non-Christians talk about other religions in schools? Me thinks that you are just as blind to real history as you would like to think other people are.
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Bob Wood
A.T.C.G...(sigh)
10:57 AM on 08/05/2012
Thousands of years ago...nobody knew anything...and suspected even less. Myth and superstition was as good an explanation for what was observable around them as anything else. Little by little...man came to gather bits and pieces of information...and building upon those skimpy facts...began to develop science. More and more of what was observed became explainable. Today...thanks to science...we know that the Earth is over 14 billion years old...that there never were two literal people named Adam & Eve who parented us all...that there never was a worldwide flood. Now...we face space...mars, our sister planet. It's likely that some sort of life once existed there...or elsewhere in our vast Universe. As Carl Sagan said: " if there isn't life anywhere else...it sure is a waste of a lotta good space ". Explaining the unknown by the known is logical...explaining the known by the unknown...is absurd...(sigh)
10:45 AM on 08/05/2012
In Quran though, there are many referances to the existence of many other worlds, creatures and even universes.

'We created the heavens with great force and no doubt we enlarge them continually.' (Zariyath. 47)

'In many heavens and on lands, all living creatures belong only to him.' (Bakara 116)

Seven heavens were created by Allah. His message reverbates thruogh each and every single one of them. (Al-i Imran 19)
'Allah created all the creatures from WATER. Some of them crawl, some of them walk on four legs, some of them walk on two. Allah creates as he pleases.' (Nur 45)
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RichieB
Science is true whether you believe it or not
09:52 PM on 08/04/2012
A well written and timely article. I've had this argument with christain conservatives a few times. I had a co-worker recently tell me that we should not be going to Mars looking for life because it is a threat to her religion. I offered that if your belief system can't hold up to scrutiny, what do you really have. We will have proof of life elsewhere in this solar system probably within the next 20 - 30 years. We may have already seen it in that Martian meteorite. But extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Interestingly, the Catholic Church came out a few years ago to say in effect that the discovery of alien life in the universe would not discredit the Catholic Church. The previous Pope also endorsed the Big Bang Theory.
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mojopo
Enthusiast
02:34 AM on 08/06/2012
Hi, RichieB! You probably don't member this, but I was stumbling through my old comments and we agreed to meet up last November, after Curiosity lands to distribute congrats and high-fives. NASA did it again, and I wanted to keep my word - have a great rest of the year!
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RichieB
Science is true whether you believe it or not
06:19 PM on 08/06/2012
Well, I didn't remember. but anyway, high 5's all around. Thanks for keeping your word.
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Dallas Dunlap
05:43 PM on 08/04/2012
Ok: First, the vast majority of the world's Christians do not believe in the creation story (ies) in Genesis. They either disregard it altogether or they have rationalizations such having to do with the length of the Biblical Day or whatever.
So, they will have a rationalization for anything else that comes up.
You are trying to insist that Christians accept a iteral interpretaton of Genesis so tat hypthetical life on Mars can refute it.
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Jeff Schweitzer
Scientist; Fmr. White House Senior Policy Analyst
12:26 AM on 08/05/2012
If you randomly decide to reject one portion of the bible, then any or all can be rejected. If you reject the creation story in Genesis, why not immaculate conception, resurrection, or any other part of the fable? I don't insist on a literal interpretation of the bible at all; but if not the literal word of god it is open to other interpretation, and yours has no more validity than mine. And I interpret the entire story to be nothing more than a badly told and poorly worded Grimm fairly tale.
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Killermolls44
The night is dark and full of terrors.
05:57 AM on 08/05/2012
If the Garden of Eden is metaphorical and no "sin" was done then Jesus died for nothing. Or was also metaphorical. Make up your mind.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
06:50 AM on 08/04/2012
It's the new god. The gaps gal has left the field because she had no room left to fit.
Now it's all `god of the clingfilm', resting weightless and evidence-free on top of everything. You can't shake it off.
12:45 AM on 08/05/2012
Try pressure washing. Works like a charm.

:-)
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flipacoin
Heads they win, tails we lose.
08:11 PM on 08/03/2012
It is possible in the future for fallen angels to pose as 'aliens'. These aliens already mention Jesus in not very glowing terms. Strange that aliens supposing to be from light years away being concerned about someone that lived 2000 years ago on earth. They also reportedly use the same 'communication devices' as demons in oujoui boards and channelers to talk to us. These aliens may be hostile witnesses to Jesus in which would say some very, very important things about Jesus. New Agers do mention that aliens with UFO's will snatch 'unenlighten' people out of the world by the millions. This is a picture negative of the rapture and pose as an explanation by them that are opposed to Jesus plus give Christianity's largest competitor encouragement to take over the world. Who needs Hollywood? Be on the right side is my suggestion.