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Jeffrey Sachs

Jeffrey Sachs

Posted: December 7, 2009 07:38 AM

The Surrealism of the Afghan Surge

What's Your Reaction:

Tom Friedman's column today (New York Times, December 6, 2009) is surreal. He approvingly recounts an interview of JFK with Walter Cronkite on the need for reform in Vietnam as the key to success in Vietnam, making an analogy to Afghanistan. Cronkite asked Kennedy whether the war can be won. Eerily, Kennedy responded "With changes in policy and perhaps with personnel I think it can." Friedman, however, fails to tell the reader the punch line. The interview was given on September 2, 1963. On November 1, 1963, a CIA-backed coup removed the President of Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem, who was then assassinated by the Vietnamese coup leaders. Kennedy was sickened by the assassination, especially in light of the fact that Diem's death resulted directly from a coup that the US Government had actively supported.

President Barack Obama risks leading the US deeper into the same kind of nightmare as Vietnam, with the same profound misconceptions and arrogance of the US military and the CIA. It just requires a glance at the picture on p. A29 of Sunday's New York Times to see how absurd the US decision-making process really is. Among the people in the room briefing the president, there isn't a single person with deep non-military knowledge of either Afghanistan or Pakistan. We see plenty of generals and politicians but nobody who knows about the people, culture, economy, climate, agronomy, extreme poverty, and traditions of the people themselves.

The surge is poorly conceived. The idea that Afghanistan needs just one short 18-month push to achieve stability defies the basic circumstances and history of the country. The country is impoverished, drought-stricken, heroin-infested, arms-laden, and infrastructure-deficient. Even Defense Secretary Gates noted that the actual deployment of the extra US troops would take considerable time because of the lack of proper roads and other infrastructure. Well, yes indeed. Perhaps that helps to explain the rampant poverty, the relative success of high-value-per-unit-weight crops such as poppy and heroin, and the scale of the challenges facing a country that has been enmeshed in war for thirty straight years and that was poor long before that.

The framing of Afghanistan's governance problems with the simplistic gloss of "corruption" is yet another trivialization of reality, exceeded only by the idea that Afghan President Hamid Karzai can and will turn off corruption at will, and notably in response to US pressure. Former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski was on the mark when he questioned the ability of Washington, itself in an era of rampant corruption, to clean up corruption elsewhere. A worthy role for Richard Holbrooke, now the special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, would be to root out flagrant financial mismanagement at the staff of AIG, where Holbrooke had served on the Board during the buildup of the recent financial bubble. The war industry itself, replete with powerful corporations like Fluor and DynCorp that receive billions of dollars in no-bid Pentagon contracts, are also a likely part of the Washington political momentum.

The fact of the matter is that Afghanistan is in urgent need of the basics for survival in one of the poorest countries on Earth -- seeds, fertilizer, roads, power, schools, and clinics -- much more than it is in the need of another 30,000 troops or added military contractors. Development aid directed to Afghanistan's communities, through the UN, could stabilize Afghanistan far more effectively at one-fifth to one-tenth the cost of the coming $100 billion or so per year that will be spent on this military debacle. Yet such support is not forthcoming. Obama has barely acknowledged that General McChrystal's report spoke of winning the support of the population through socio-economic development and "immediate economic and quality of life improvements in accordance with Afghan priorities." As Friedman reports, Obama has disdained "nation-building" as "mission creep," thereby disappointingly echoing the Bush administration.

In fact, the US Government's long-standing disdain is for the Afghan people themselves, since there has been not the slightest effort for decades to think through their real needs and wants. As in Vietnam, this mission is all about us. And as in Vietnam, the US escalation has the possibility of causing much broader destabilization in Central and South Asia and the Middle East. Perhaps, as Bill Moyers powerfully demonstrated about Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War buildup, the current momentum for escalation may reside in the president's fear of right-wing attacks if he shows "weakness" by denying the generals' request for more troops. Tellingly, and disastrously, Johnson knew that escalation in Vietnam would not succeed yet he saw no alternative to escalation because he feared a perception that he was weak vis-à-vis the communist threat.

If we are to countenance this failed policy, at least let's put the surge to a vote. Rather than adding the costs of the surge to our soaring national debt, Congress should be pressed to raise taxes or cut other spending (health care? education? unemployment compensation?) to pay for it. Would the American people really want to pay an added $30-$40 billion for an expanded war, with identified tax increases or budget cuts? I doubt it. Congress, it's time to take a vote.


For more commentary come to the State of the Planet blog.

 
 
 

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03:01 PM on 12/08/2009
I am amazed at the 'niavette' of Dr Sachs in understanding the needs of Afghanistan as a policy perspective. The surge plan is the only feasable 'plan' right now as envisaged by General Mac Chrystal. There is no other choice for the US and allies right now. In case of abrupt withdrawal the negative elements will immediately take over and the whole region will be destabilised. There is no other choice. Mr Obama took the right decision.Afghanistan is too primitive and complex right now to be offered an economic development solution on nation building model ..It needs long term developmental input but right now the problems are military and too complex to be solved only on economic basis.
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mjc
Avoid printing any..
03:24 PM on 12/08/2009
I am appalled at your comments, Meherazaidi. Agree that McChrystal was speaking in a very shallow way about the US doing so "nation building" but that doesn't mean that certain UGO projects could be implemented without disturbing the "primitive" region that makes up Afghanistan. Things like roads, water projects, decent waste removal, and even basic educational needs would vastly improve the lives of people there. That is NOT why we are in Afghanistan, nor is promoting women's rights but if we did want to do something that would actually help there are ways to do that as well. As to destabilization of the region, we are doing plenty of that already. We are moving some elements of al Qaeda into Pakistan%
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mjc
Avoid printing any..
03:25 PM on 12/08/2009
I am appalled at your comments, Meherazaidi. Agree that McChrystal was speaking in a very shallow way about the US doing some "nation building" but that doesn't mean that certain UGO projects couldn't be implemented without disturbing the "primitive" region that makes up Afghanistan. Things like roads, water projects, decent waste removal, and even basic educational needs would vastly improve the lives of people there. That is NOT why we are in Afghanistan, nor is promoting women's rights but if we did want to do something that would actually help there are ways to do that as well. As to destabilization of the region, we are doing plenty of that already. We are moving some elements of al Qaeda into Pakistan as well as some elements of the Taliban and they aren't going to be satisfied with just a more secure hut to sleep in. On top of the that, Pakistan DOES have nuclear weapons, in what state of security seems unknown or unknowable.
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mjc
Avoid printing any..
02:46 PM on 12/08/2009
The only area in Afghanistan where this country has a CHANCE of succeeding in pacifying the countryside and controlling the insurgents is in and around Kabul. And why anyone would want to help keep Karzai's regime in office beats me. This guy is still committed to the Shari*ah culture; not on American tv but certainly at home. It is absolutely surreal that we are there. The TODAY show is there today and tomorrow....but in Kabul! That's the Afghanistan we are free to roam in...almost...they say.
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Ipanemagirl
progressive
02:41 PM on 12/08/2009
and they like to say the surge in Iraq worked...
Today a bomb killed 120....in Iraq, and this has been going on all year...
when we leave, I predict there will be chaos again, as these people will not be able to hold their gov together.
I'm not sure what we can do in Afgha. It may just be another depleting way of getting stuck there. that we can ill afford.I hope its worth it but have my doubts.
08:25 AM on 12/08/2009
Well, Obama's now at 47% in the polls according to Gallup. Independents are well under 50%.

Can't be reelected with those numbers. I know it's early but a bad, drawn-out war and an economy that will never be what it was even three years ago (albeit under a false bubble of real estate)...let's say it doesn't look good.

Maybe real Health Care reform will save him. Afghanistan won't. Economy won't. Peace prize won't. Even a weak GOP field may not be enough.

Does that mean his presidency lies in the hands of Olympia Snowe?
OpposingViewpoint
Sometimes you get and sometimes you get got
08:40 AM on 12/08/2009
Does that mean his presidency lies in the hands of Olympia Snowe?

That is a rather chilling prospect, don't you think?
09:22 AM on 12/08/2009
Ha. Snowe. Good pun!
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Carl Caroli
I just don't understand people
08:17 AM on 12/08/2009
Force a war tax and reinstate the draft and you'll see how fast support for the war will fade.
11:13 AM on 12/08/2009
I saw a bunch of Wall Street types and the usual suspects on Fox discussion the proposals on a War Tax, and they were all positively apoplectic at the possibility that we--or more accurately, the extremely wealthy among us might actually be expected to PAY for a war waged at their behest. They all found the proposition that taxes might be levied to pay for the military adventures they worship downright un-American if not socialistic.

Out of the other sides of their mouths, they were bemoaning that fact that anyone would put people's health and survival over their profits.
05:49 AM on 12/08/2009
NO MORE WAR PROFITEERING. AMERICA SO DESPERATELY NEEDS TO NOT BE WAR PROFITEERING. We so desperately need to be preparing for our very survival as a species. BRING OUR PEOPLE HOME NOW. Let the world help Afghanistan heal ITSELF sans military.
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Donald Fannin
provocatuer
04:08 AM on 12/08/2009
Afghanistan is a quaint little area of the world, not a country, or a nation-state, just an area that he British in their Colonial wisdom drew a circle around and said there is nothing in this part of the world we want. We should let it go back to it's feudal and tribal roots. Let the people alone to live their lives as they lived them 1000 years ago. It would be a nice on going history lesson.
Yes, we should chase bin Laden and his crew, but they are not there. They may be in Pakistan or Yemen or Somalia. Authorize a few CIA, Rangers, Seals (maybe even Blackwater) death squads to track him down. I may want to know if he is dead, but not too many details, and of course Mr. Phelps rules would apply.
02:31 AM on 12/08/2009
If al quaeda didn't exist we'd be out of Afghanistan in a flash. Sachs conveniently never once mentions that primary focus of our Afghan policy. I'm ready to buy everything he says about Afghanistan, but first, tell us what to do about the al quaeda threat. Bush ignored them and 911 was the result. Ignoring them further could well result in nuclear armed terrorists with no compunction about using them.
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Pyrum
04:37 AM on 12/08/2009
As long as the Taliban threatens the poppy fields and the intactness of the natural gas pipleline, we will be in Afghanistan. Al Queda is just an excuse more palatable to Americans than the real reasons.
11:15 AM on 12/08/2009
So, we should... invade and occupy Pakistan, because that is where al Q is?
01:24 AM on 12/08/2009
I thought it hilarious when Bush (1) said Grenada was a grace threat to national security. We envaded and conquered them in an afternoon. Found a little cache of rusty guns.

Now we have Afghanistan with not a single jet, helicopter, submarine, warship. The 2nd poorest country in the world. They had an annual military budget of $ 122 million. And they are some how a grave threat? So we will have 100,000 troops guarding a waste land and mud huts for decades. While the war-profiteers loot whatever crumbs fall into the treasuring.

No wonder Obama made the worst speech in his career. Even he couldn't imagine Americans or West Point Cadets would buy the BS on the teleprompters. Perhaps he was awaiting a cream pie being thrown in his face.
12:04 AM on 12/08/2009
Bin Laden's strategy was to bankrupt America by enticing it into costly war like had happened to Russia. It seems to be working.
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HamletsMill
All Myth is Astronomy
12:30 AM on 12/08/2009
Yep. They pulled the fatal golden MIC thread to unravel our entire society. It worked brilliantly with absolute mathematical precision. We are the greatest nation of dupes in the history of the world. Just amazingly clueless people. It is now beyond belief. It was so incredibly easy for them to take us to total destruction by our own hand. They knew we would follow the money into the trap until we became seen as the eternal foreign invader by the people who are the proprietors of the Graveyard of Empires: Afghanistan. And we walked right into it 40 years after Vietnam. We have learned absolutely nothing as a nation and as a people. Absolutely nothing.
OpposingViewpoint
Sometimes you get and sometimes you get got
12:44 AM on 12/08/2009
I could not have said it any better HM, although I have tried to do so. It is often said the spirit of America breathes through the combined intelligence of her people. If that is true, we are in for some very challenging times. We have only our ignorance upon which to heap this terrible burden. Have we no conscious?
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02:33 AM on 12/08/2009
And not only learned nothing. We have regressed. If it were "just" having learned nothing, then it would be transferring the MIC focus from Vietnam to Afghanistan, of course with expensive war stops along the way.

I stress regression because [following WWII] it has become easier and easier to talk the U.S. populace into going to war. War industries were really cooking during WWII, and afterward the CEOs didn't want to give up the income. The U.S. had a strong international good guy image. The MIC capitalized on that. Propaganda became more sophisticated, and television was tossed into the mix--a powerful and persistent audio/visual message could be pounded into the people. (Orwell was a genius.) And, the tough guy image won elections. We used to hear the term "quagmire of Vietnam," but a more accurate description of the past 60 years of U.S. foreign policy is the "quagmire of war." Whether it's called war or conflict or police action, the focus and modus operandi are the same.

But you're right--we went right into the trap. And this one may be our last.
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abluevoice
11:58 PM on 12/07/2009
The people at the table giving Obama input on the current situation in Afpak have a whole lot more information and intelligence then you do Professor Sachs. They don't overlook as you so blatently do along with all the rest of the ivory tower idealists so critical of the president the reality of the Taliban taking over the country. You want to really waste taxpayer money try building infastructure in Afghanistan with the Taliban running the country. You would have the US tax payers paying for the acid the Taliban throws in school girl's faces.
They know a whole lot more about the serious security threat to not only the U.S. but to all the West and Europe with The Taliban and their cohorts Al Qaeda, and every American hating and modernity hating Jihadist moving back and forth between Afghan and Pakistan with a mutual goal of getting their hands on Pakistan's nuclear arsenal.
There is no comparison with the real security threat AFPak is and the fake threat of the "domino theory" used to build up in Vietnam.
Obama inheirited a no win situation in AfPak caused by Bush/Cheney/Rumsfeld incompetence and neglect. Radical Islam be it the Taliban or Al Qaeda is a real domino theory and there is plenty of evidence of it around the world......But it's trigger is in AfPak and the border between Afghan and Pakistan. And we must disrupt it, and weaken it there or the consequences will be unthinkable.
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Selena Jacobs
03:12 AM on 12/08/2009
Is this the same kind of intelligence and information that started the war in Iraq?
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HamletsMill
All Myth is Astronomy
08:00 AM on 12/08/2009
"The people at the table giving Obama input on the current situation in Afpak have a whole lot more information and intelligence then you do Professor Sachs." WRONG! The people at that table ARE the very "ivory tower idealists" that you belittle! These are Beltway paper PhD. types and military careerist hacks who have NEVER set foot in Afghanistan for more than a two week junket. They have no idea at all about what is really going on. The history of my family and U.S. - Afghan relations go back 40 years. Two members of my family just spent eight years there with a small cadre of other very brave Americans on the ground running the medical relief effort for the United States across 16 provinces in the most successful socio-economic project of the war. The knowledge and insight of the old Afghan hands was never sought by the Bush Administration. The existence of this community of hands on experience is only just now reaching Obama and his staff after a year in office. But the input is too late. Decisions have now been made that will be our fate as a nation. But you are mistaken if you believe for a moment the people sitting in these councils have any idea whatsoever about what they are doing. They don't. They are just paper PhD.'s pontificating from zero hands on experience in the current situation in Afghan society.
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abluevoice
10:13 AM on 12/08/2009
The National Security group that sat around the table and helped Obama come to his decision to send more troops to AFPAK to defend against the radical Islamists blowing up their own people to gain power have not only been there many times but are trying to do something about the mess 8 years of Bush incompetence and neglect created.

Besides the President:
Gen James L Jones
Hillary
Susan Rice (UN Ambassador)
Dennis Blair (director of National Intelligence)
Leon Panetta (director of the CIA)
Richard Holbrooke, special envoy to AFPAK
Gen David Patraeus
Thomas Donilon, (deputy national security advisor)
Rahm Emanual
Adm Mike Mullen
Joe Biden
Robert Gates
David Axelrod
Lt Gen Karl W Eikenberry, ambassador to Afghanistan opposed to sending more troops
Gen Stanley A McChrystal

This was not your Bush round table of "Chicken Hawk" neocon yes men! This was the best and brightest this country has to offer covering all aspects of the debate on all the bad choices Obama inheirited regarding what to do about AFPAK. Please get your facts straight when you comment!
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RichardWalden
President & CEO, Operation USA,a Los Angeles-based
11:48 PM on 12/07/2009
When Gen. Colin Powell was Secretary of State, he attended a meeting of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) at which he gushed, "I love NGOs. You are part of the combat team!" The NGO representatives in the room all groaned loudly, at which Gen. Powell asked what he had said to produce those groans. The response came from several people who basically said that to be effective in places like Iraq and Afghanistan, NGOs have to be independent of US foreign and military policy and that his comments would be a signal to one and all that Americans and probably all westerners were really just adjuncts of the US government and therefore could be targetted by those in opposition to US Govt policy.

Jeff Sachs makes good points but should realize that we can't succeed in Afghanistan and should just pull out. If the Taliban ever again take power, we can do what took us just a few weeks to do more than 8 years ago--ally with the opposition and hit them with a short, violent military strike so they cannot govern centrally and further push the Afghan people (and especially women) backwards. No one who has seriously studied Afghanistan or worked (or served) there can believe that the Obama formula will work. Lost cause at this point.
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HamletsMill
All Myth is Astronomy
12:35 AM on 12/08/2009
"No one who has seriously studied Afghanistan or worked (or served) there can believe that the Obama formula will work. Lost cause at this point."

Yep. This Plan has no chance whatsoever. Zero. Nada. Zippo. Anyone who has ever worked there on the ground for years amid the real Afghans will tell you this. In 18 months or 180 months the Afghan Army is just not going to happen and anyone who things other wise is completely deluded..
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02:50 AM on 12/08/2009
I'm reminded of Matthew Hoh's recent stand against the U.S. Afghan war policy. From what I've read, this is a capable and honorable veteran/person who is informed and has just given up an embassy career on principle...on matters just as you mention.

Maybe a "Withdraw from Afghanistan" movement/organization could be centered around Matthew Hoh. He's visible and has the current credentials.

The eternal optimist portion of me just won't die.
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Timma
nihil habentes omnia posidentes
11:38 PM on 12/07/2009
Sachs is exactly right on target - Destabilization of the entire area is the intended goal of US occupations in the Middle East. Look at how the dominos are tumbling - Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan andnow the real possibility of Pakistan.
12:12 PM on 12/10/2009
This country has thrived on that policy for over 100 years, ever since the invention of "gunboat diplomacy." We destabilize countries for our corporate interests, either through outright invasion as with Afghanistan and Iraq, or the overthrow of govts. we don't like such as Honduras, Haiti, Chile, Panama, Iran, etc etc. And it does create a domino effect--look at the mess in Southeast Asia now that spilled over from our occupation of Viet Nam; Thailand, Burma, Laos, all in flames. The same is projected for the ME. It's a proven tactic that makes the big boys at the Pentagon and on Wall Street a lot of money, and keeps the rest of us scared of our shadows. Remember, the Patriot Act--which this president supports--waits in the wings to crush any protest against this plan.
08:55 PM on 12/13/2009
The important thing to add to your observation is that it is not "our country" that thrives off of this process. It is those who control our government and they have their roots in Europe. The U.S and it's military and financial power are merely a tool they use to gain power and money. They exist beyond national boundaries.
11:06 PM on 12/07/2009
Very thoughtful observations. I, also, have been trying to make sense out of this "surge" because I have respect for the mentality and the methods of our President. His world view and intelligence would lead him in a different direction if he was free to act as he chose.

Consider this. Some of us were taught to think in a way which was called "liberal". Once upon a time that had an honorable meaning which included openness to improved means and methods. Today significant parts of our people adopt "positions" and cling to them strongly, not because they understand them, but because they "seem loyal to our kind" and do not require laborious thinking. People who are are intelligent become "elite" and not trustworthy. Observe the way that many less wealthy, who stand to gain from government programs, lead the protests against those programs. Observe that popular opinion does not connect to the real causes of the national debt. People resiliently opposed learning real facts. Lyndon Johnson was frightened enough by this that he sent tens of thousands of men to their deaths rather than confront it. I can only imagine that President Obama has similar sensations.

We must invent a new name for liberal thinking because it has taken such a bad name.

We must stop pretending as though lazy and mendacious thinking is valid thinking.

We must have the courage to confront this demon in our midst.
10:26 PM on 12/07/2009
Hi Mr. Sachs,

How refreshing to see you don't want to impose some structural adjustment on Afghanistan, as you did on Polan and Bolivia.

There all government spending was eliminated, much to the dismay of students, retirees, the sick etc.

Mr. Sachs, it is so nice to hear you preach social services to the people od Afghanistan. They say that the sign of intelligence is the ability to change one's mind.