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Jennifer McGuire

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Why You Should Eat Fish

Posted: 06/29/11 12:22 PM ET

Just like the Meryl Streep commercial about alar horrified new moms away from apples in the late 1980s, fear-mongering messages about mercury in seafood contribute to the woefully low amount of seafood women eat today in the U.S. The distinction is that seafood- and omega-3-deficient diets introduce measurable risks to health. According to a Harvard study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, "Avoidance of modest fish consumption due to confusion regarding risks and benefits could result in thousands of excess [coronary heart disease] deaths annually and suboptimal neurodevelopment in children."

While alar was a chemical sprayed by humans on fruit to regulate its growth, traces of mercury have existed in ocean fish since the beginning of time from sources like underwater volcanic activity. The mercury generated by coal-fired power plants is a real threat to freshwater fish caught by recreational fishermen in certain lakes and streams, and it is imperative for folks who regularly eat fish caught by friends and family to keep an eye on local U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advisories. But most fish Americans buy in stores and restaurants come from the open ocean or aquaculture, which are not subject to the same contamination issues as enclosed bodies of water. According to a peer-reviewed U.S. Food and Drug Administration report, "Limited data suggest that methylmercury concentrations in commercial fish have not increased or decreased over time."

The scientific community has exhaustively researched the overall effect of eating fish and shellfish, traces of mercury and all. They repeatedly conclude that eating commercial seafood boosts both heart and brain health, and when people don't eat fish they might miss out on these benefits. Specifically:

  • The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend people increase the amount and variety of seafood consumed by choosing seafood in place of some meat and poultry. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are specifically encouraged to eat at least 8 ounces and up to 12 ounces of seafood per week, of which half (6 ounces) can be albacore tuna. There are simply four exotic species for this special population to avoid: shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish.
  • A 2010 World Health Organization report concluded experts should emphasize the heart and brain development benefits of eating fish, and the risks to heart and brain health from not eating fish.
  • A 2009 study published in the Public Library of Science calculated low seafood/omega-3 consumption is responsible for about 84,000 deaths per year, making seafood-deficiency the second biggest dietary contributor to preventable deaths (behind high sodium consumption).
We all can agree on the importance of clean air and water. However, it is inaccurate and irresponsible to conflate recreational fishing issues with the consumption of safe and healthful commercial seafood.

 
 
 
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ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
05:13 PM on 07/02/2011
Except for the big ocean fish, that concentrate mercury. You rather gloss over that in your first bullet, and ignore that non-albacore (i.e. real and edible) tuna is on the advised-against list.

Your information on the ten-million-year history of the mercury concentration in tuna comes from...?

"safe and healthful commercial seafood" - not very safe or healthful for fish stocks and likely eventual availability of the resource. Solely because the fishing industry fights quota restrictions until almost literally the last fish.
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Just4theHalibut
08:20 PM on 07/03/2011
I am sorry the author did not mention sustainable seafood certification programs (although I realize she was presenting the viewpoint of a nutritionist.) There is an extensive list of sustainably managed fisheries. Here is one such list.
http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/seafoodwatch.aspx
Yes, you can eat a healthy fish diet and be "green" as well.
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French Toast
MAPLE SYRUP
10:25 PM on 06/30/2011
Yay for paid content!

Fish population problem? What fish population problem?

What's funny is I make more than the author does and I didn't have to sell my soul, let alone cheap.
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Issaquah79
Look mom no head!
08:09 PM on 06/30/2011
I'm not sure why I wasn't allowed to post this information yesterday but I will try again. If one is going to promote the eating of fish it is irresponsible not to point out that our oceans are in peril and sustainable environmentally concious methods of harvesting sea food is the only choice to be made when purchasing and eating sea life. Please check out Oceana for more information on the destructive methods of most commercial fishing such as trawling and dredging.
http://na.oceana.org/

For a great resource for responsible sea food please consider this great company
http://www.vitalchoice.com/shop/pc/home.asp

Also, it is easy to avoid having a heart attack without sea food. Many people have done it and are doing it. Myself included.
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Just4theHalibut
08:29 PM on 07/03/2011
Genes have a lot to do with susceptibility to heart attacks, so maybe you are a lucky one. From my personal experience, fish oil capsules plus a diet with lots of fish, have been the ONLY successful remedy to my high cholesterol, and I have tried them all (from other natural remedies, to Big Pharma products). Not saying that would be the case for everyone, but well worth a try.
09:11 AM on 06/30/2011
There are many groups of intelligent and capable humans who do not consume seafood during pregnancy. Eating grass-fed beef, hempseed and coconut oil together, and just avoiding foods which have an unhealthy omega ratio will provide a developing fetus with more than enough DHA. I personally only fish in the protected watersheds I live in.

This article also completely disregards the studies which show the tiny plastic bits which compose the great garbage patches in the Pacific and Atlantic are being found in the stomachs of bottom-feeding fish. This plastic toxicity will bioaccumulate up the food chain, just like mercury, creating high levels of petrochemical toxicity in the types of fish humans consume.

Not to mention the radioactive water pumped into the Pacific by TEPCO and the dispersants pumped into the Gulf by BP. Mmmmm, fresh fish.

Maybe the author should check out the documentary 'Homo Toxicus' which shows that nowadays children born in industrialized nations can contain over 100 manmade chemicals in their umbilical tissue at birth.

The ocean is a very sensitive and highly connected ecosystem. Even where there is no industrialization, near the remotest islands in the Pacific, coral reefs are being bleached from industrial pollution.
02:15 PM on 06/30/2011
And this comment completely disregards the vast quantity of scientific evidence showing that the healthiest, longest living populations are those who consume the most seafood. As noted Pediatrician and author of more that 30 books, Dr. William Sears, puts it: "The scientific fact is that people who eat the most seafood have healthier hearts, brains, joints, skin, blood, and a lower incidence of just about every ailment you don't want to get."

None of us is getting out of here alive, but frequent consumption of nutrient rich wild harvest seafood is one of the best ways to boost your defenses against the toxins and diseases you fear, and increase your odds of lasting longer than most. And seafood tastes really good too!
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French Toast
MAPLE SYRUP
10:26 PM on 06/30/2011
Ocean fish population collapse. Perhaps you've heard of it.

Not that you'll acknowledge that. You reek of paid.
08:52 AM on 06/30/2011
There are many other plant-based sources of the healthy fats without the high concentration of contaminants found in many fish. Mercury is only one of them. An ongoing study of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) published by The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences found the highest contamination levels in whole milk yogurt, catfish and salmon. Farmed fish are even more contaminated due largely to the concentration of contaminants in the fish feed. A 2004 study directed by Dr. David Carpenter found that farmed salmon contained 10 times higher levels of POPs than wild salmon. More on this in my article "Cancer, Pesticides and the Animal Fats That Love Them" at http://freefromharm.org/food/health-nutrition/cancer-pesticides-and-the-animal-fats-that-love-them/.
01:31 AM on 06/30/2011
Beyond the environmental costs of fishing, a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that fish are sophisticated animals who exhibit intelligence, complex social structures, long-term memory, and the capacity to feel pain, but the fishing industry treats them as if they were nothing more than inanimate objects. Dragged from the ocean depths, fish undergo excruciating decompression, which can rupture their bladders and pop out their eyes. They are then tossed onboard where they slowly suffocate. Some fish are gutted, filleted, and frozen while still alive and conscious.

EAT FLAX, NOT FISH
Flax seeds and vegan DHA (algae oil) are excellent sources of Omega 3 fatty acids, without the cruelty or mercury that come with fish consumption.
08:56 AM on 06/30/2011
The welfare issues that Lori is pointing to is becoming increasingly well-documented. For more sources and information see "New Scientific Discoveries of Fish Raise Looming Ethical Questions" at http://freefromharm.org/farm-animal-intelligence/new-scientific-discoveries-of-fish-raise-looming-ethical-questions/.
09:37 PM on 07/05/2011
I spearfish for that reason. I have no problem killing animals if I am going to eat them. Spearfishing is the most selective fishing possible. I know exactly the fish I am shooting and that it is in the size guidelines. There is no by catch and no damage to the reefs and structures. As a diver I have seen they type of damage indiscriminate fishing does.
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nzchicago
11:00 PM on 06/29/2011
Her employer:

"The National Fisheries Institute: A trade association committed to assisting its members to succeed in the global seafood marketplace."

Perhaps not the place to be getting unbiased dietary advice...
01:26 AM on 06/30/2011
THANK YOU Chicago for exposing this author.
08:57 AM on 06/30/2011
good point!
10:18 PM on 06/29/2011
What about the blog last week that said we need go "blue" and eat less fish to save the ocean?
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nzchicago
10:56 PM on 06/29/2011
That's we we shouldn't take dietary advice from someone who works for the "National Fisheries Institute."
01:27 AM on 06/30/2011
Indeed.
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nzchicago
09:52 PM on 06/29/2011
There is no need to eat fish. The DHA/Omega-3 in fish is there because the fish eat the algae which produce the DHA. You can now buy a vegetarian DHA which is made directly from the algae. We get Spectrum Vegetarian DHA at the local Whole Foods Market. No fish oil, no worries about contamination, overfishing, etc.

The other essential oils are easily obtainable from flax, etc.
01:29 AM on 06/30/2011
Absolutely. Any doc worth their salt will tell you the same thing: The DHA/Omega- 3 in fish is there BECAUSE FISH EAT THE ALGEA which produce the DHA. I just listened to Dr. Oz say this very thing just yesterday.
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nzchicago
06:10 AM on 06/30/2011
That's good to hear. It seems strange that fish oil is so mainstream, but the vegetarian alternative doesn't seem to be given much consideration. And I understand it's even better for us - better ratio of fats, and no issues with damage from the processing method. It may be a tiny bit more expensive, but I'm spending maybe 15 cents per day, as opposed to 12? Well worth it!
02:33 PM on 06/29/2011
UNEP recognizes mercury as a chemical of global concern due to its long-range transport in the atmosphere, its persistence in the environment, its ability to bioaccumulate in ecosystems and its significant negative effect on human health and the environment.

Because mercury can be transported through the atmosphere and because mercury can bioaccumulate up the food chain in the tissue of fish, open ocean species are in no way exempt from mercury contamination. Larger species like tuna and swordfish are particularly susceptible to mercury contamination, especially those that are migratory and/or breed in coastal areas adjacent to coal burning factories.

What is needed now is a concerted effort across agencies to increase risk communication, clarity, monitoring and specifications for and to vulnerable populations like women and children.

The 2004 EPA/FDA joint advisory upon which many U.S. recommendations are developed are based on toxicological data that is out of date. We need comprehensive testing of seafood species, particularly those species that are available in grocery stores, like bluefin and yellowfin tuna, that continually show elevated mercury levels.
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Dragontech
Looking for a good micro-brew
07:13 PM on 06/29/2011
Where do you get your data? If you are going to claim this article is outdated, and that, despite the claim in the article that open-water fish are not showing elevated mercury, tuna are showing such elevations, please cite your resource for the claim or it is just fear mongering as stated in the article.
08:05 AM on 06/30/2011
Hint: the study was published in 2004 (using older data).
02:24 PM on 06/29/2011
It is widely accepted that seafood is important for growth and development. It is also widely accepted that exposure to mercury in utero, through breast milk, or during critical developmental stages can have serious negative effects. The U.S. EPA reported that exposure to methylmercury from consumption of seafood can lead to impaired neurological development in fetuses, infants and children. In the U.S., between 316,588 and 637,233 children each year have cord blood mercury levels > 5.8 μg/L, a level associated with loss of IQ. Researchers also found significant adverse related associations between prenatal exposure and performance on memory, attention, language, visual-spatial perception tests.

There is significant evidence that supports the health benefits of eating seafood. However, pregnant or nursing women and children are also particularly susceptible to neurotoxins. These populations should diversify their diets with a variety of healthy, low contaminant seafood. Unfortunately, the dietary guidelines do not provide enough information as to which species and what quantities of seafood are safe and healthy. For example, eating 12 oz per week of species not specifically mentioned in the advisory such as bluefin tuna, orange roughy, wahoo, wild sturgeon, conger eel, atlantic bonito, opah, grouper and bluefish would significantly exceed the EPA's cutoff level for mercury for 0-6 year olds and 6-12 year olds, 0.119ppm and 0.167ppm respectively. Each species listed above contains an average mercury level of over 0.3 ppm, well above the legal limit, in just one sitting.
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Dragontech
Looking for a good micro-brew
07:17 PM on 06/29/2011
Except that you are not citing where you get your data from about elevated mercury, when this article specifically states open water fish (as opposed to lake fish) are not showing elevated levels of methylmercury. If you wish to refute this article, please explain what authority your data has, or you may as well have made it up yourself.
08:08 AM on 06/30/2011
And you are citing? And btw, BP states the gulf is now safe again...
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01:07 PM on 06/29/2011
I forgot to mention that the cool thing about fish is the wide variety of flavors you can experience depending on what you've got. With beef you get good cuts and not-so-good cuts but in the end it's all beef. With seafood, you're into a whole new set of experiences. Not only is it healthy but its fun to experiment with and the results of your cooking are often extraordinarily good.
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12:47 PM on 06/29/2011
I have been fortunate enough to live on the coast of Alaska for 30+ years where I have easy access to fresh seafood. What a treat! I eat it fish all the time. I'm hooked on it, no pun intended.