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Jennifer Peck

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Children Who Lose Out on Summer Learning, Lose Out

Posted: 05/01/11 01:44 PM ET

While many families are planning summers filled with educationally enriching activities for their kids, the vast majority of low-income children in the U.S. lack access to fun and beneficial summer learning opportunities.

For these disadvantaged youth, summer months can be lonely and boring, and place them at increased risk for weight gain and learning loss. A substantial body of research, illuminated by anecdotal evidence from low-income communities nationwide, makes it clear that children who lose out on summer learning, lose out.

Children who lack access to summer learning opportunities are less likely to be physically active and more likely to spend their days watching TV and eating junk food. These sedentary behaviors are contributing to America's ballooning childhood obesity epidemic.

Studies also show that a lack of summer learning and enrichment opportunities leads to "summer learning loss" -- a loss in academic skills and knowledge during summer vacation. Summer learning loss, which is cumulative over time, widens the achievement gap between low-income and middle-income students and increases student drop-out rates. 

Summer learning also helps teachers because they don't have to begin the school year playing catch-up with students who lost out on summer learning opportunities.

Fortunately, there is growing recognition about the critical link between children's summertime learning and academic achievement, thanks in part to cover stories like TIME Magazine's "The Case Against Summer Vacation."

Unfortunately, low-income children across America are still woefully under-served by summer learning programs. For example:

  • Only 25 percent of school-age children in the U.S. participate in summer learning programs.
  • Nationwide, only 18 percent of children from poor households (below 200 percent of the poverty line) are likely to participate in summer programs, while 29 percent of children from non-poor households participate in summer programs.
  • Nationwide, a mere five percent of children from low socioeconomic status backgrounds are likely to participate in overnight or day camps compared with 42 percent of average income youth.

In California, a growing coalition of political leaders, community leaders and children's advocacy organizations, together with the nonprofit Partnership for Children and Youth, are developing a new statewide summer learning vision that can be replicated nationally.

This summer, schools and community organizations from diverse low-income communities across California -- San Francisco, Sacramento, Gilroy, Los Angeles, Santa Ana, Fresno, Whittier and Oakland -- will provide high quality summer learning programs to local children through a unique public/private partnership supported by civic, business, education and philanthropic leaders.

In just a few weeks they'll open their doors and engage children in summer learning activities that are as fun as they are educational, and serve as good examples for other communities and states.

With 90 days of summer, every day a child is not participating in a summer learning program is a loss. But with increased support from the private, public, nonprofit and philanthropic sectors, and anyone who cares about education, California and any other state can make summer learning the priority it deserves to be.

 
While many families are planning summers filled with educationally enriching activities for their kids, the vast majority of low-income children in the U.S. lack access to fun and beneficial summer le...
While many families are planning summers filled with educationally enriching activities for their kids, the vast majority of low-income children in the U.S. lack access to fun and beneficial summer le...
 
 
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09:19 AM on 05/05/2011
Lower income areas tend to have fantastic libraries. Most libraries run summer reading programs amongst others. Kids need the downtime of summers. Reading will keep up their vocabulary and comprehensions skills and a small investment in a math workbook (most schools provide summer math packets at third grade) will go a long way. We need to stop finding excuses to warehouse these kids all summer.
04:38 PM on 05/03/2011
So why haven't teachers created a NATIONAL RECOMMENDED READING LIST by now. Sure I was told to do book reports over summer vacations. But did I have a clue what and interest/fun/informative books was when I was in 3rd grade HELL NO!

Arthur C. Clarke said politicians should read SCIENCE FICTION. Why not kids too? But REAL SCIENCE fiction with REALISTIC SCIENCE not Stupid FANTAscience fiction.

Can't poor kids get these?

http://www.examiner.com/social-media-in-knoxville/sylvania-99-netbook-at-cvs-part-2-the-first-day-1

It is nowhere near desktop computer capability but it can download ebooks and work as an ebook reader. It can even play audio books. There are companies that selling ebooks that can be gotten for free. It is possible to pay $100 for 40 ebooks and 5 audio books which can be downloaded free.

That would pay for the computer. Here is one:

http://librivox.org/badge-of-infamy-by-lester-del-rey/

Here is another:

http://www.manybooks.net/titles/kuykendallr2416124161.html

So when will they stop arguing about netbooks versus tablets and figure out it makes no difference.

I found lots to do in the summer before there were computers. Like if you can't go on educational trips you have to sit in front of the TV. How about ten mile bike rides with other kids?.
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portfolio
money is the barometer of a society's virtue
07:54 PM on 05/01/2011
summers give children a chance to be children. for goodness sakes, we push them hard enough the rest of the year. not every single moment needs to be dedicated to competition.
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Fran Jaime
Yo Soy 132!
12:40 AM on 05/02/2011
That's very true! During the summer, my girls and I would grab a bagpack with some sandwiches and sodas and go explore the city, museums, parks whatever we felt like that day. Some days we did nothing at all.
01:06 AM on 05/01/2011
Students don't need to go to formal summer learning programs in order to get enrichment. Quite frankly, summer programs can be cost prohibitive, especially in this economy. I am a teacher myself, and since I am off for the summer, I will be doing math, reading, and science with my child daily. Furthermore, there are free activities around town we will be taking advantage of. Libraries are free; they often have summer reading programs. And the most we will have to pay for some of these activities is what we'd have to pay for gas. There is lots a parent can do, but it is hard work. Nonetheless, it's so worth it for my child to be ready for the school year when the summer ends. My child won't be missing out at all.
07:56 AM on 05/01/2011
"There is lots a parent can do, but it is hard work."

And as a teacher, you're probably aware that if it's hard work, some parents aren't going to do it. So as a society, do we wash our hands of them, or do we try to provide them with some of the advantages that middle-class parents are more willing (or more able) to provide for their kids, and that lead to their kids' success?
09:26 AM on 05/01/2011
We don't wash our hands; I, for one, cringe about our children not given the attention and care they deserve. But how do we provide these "advantages" affordably? That's the problem. I'd love to send my daughter to a camp for a few weeks. But these camps cost, at a minimum (from my research) at least $75-100 per week! Unfortunately, we can't all afford that. So that does present a problem...affordable summer enrichment. I guess that was my point. And if it's not affordable, then we need to get creative and sacrifice. And it does take a village...
09:14 AM on 05/05/2011
It comes down to money and willingness to seek out programs. I coordinate affordable after school and summer programs in our town. It is all done with grant money I apply for. But the fact is even if the program is $10 a week, some parents just aren't going to bother paying for it or even signing the child up.
01:01 AM on 05/01/2011
I cherished the summers I learned to create my own garden, read about animals at the library, create fantasy worlds with my sister and tour museums... or I could have spent time at a rigorous camp all summer. Parents who are able to construct activities and balance them with free-time create a far more nurturing environment than those who ship their kids away. Not all children who stay at home for the summer watch television or eat junk food. Children who are constantly scheduled grow up to be dull and unimaginative people.

I think that summer time is all about balance; week long camps, art classes, library trips and outings to the park are all part of a productive summer vacation. I'd hate to see parents worship the yuppiedom ideal! Summer was the time where I discovered my talents and found time for extensive writing, reading and drawing; my lifelong passions. Not all children need constant scheduling and abolishing summer vacation would harm introverted students who relish their free-time.

Yes, I was not exactly poor- but I was lower-middle class/middle class and I believe that a structured summer would have been more hurtful than helpful in my case.
09:28 AM on 05/01/2011
Lovely comment. Very encouraging.
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charon
Earth, love it or leave it!
08:41 PM on 04/30/2011
There is so much to learn outside of school, summer is a very rich time for children if they aren't glued to a tv or in computer games 24/7, and if they live in a place safe enough to roam without extreme danger. School is too much about administration and too little about exploration. Maybe an art program to help the students learn to reflect on and express their experiences, hopes, and fears.
10:10 PM on 04/30/2011
I agree with you about school as an institution but speaking from experience, summer time is actually the worse time for a child who has nothing constructive to do. You can find yourself quite easily getting into counter productive activities. I grew up in a suburb of NYC. During those summers before I could start working, it was nothing but idle time on our hands. I can just imagine what it must of been like for inner city children who are surrounded by so many tempting mischievous activities 24/7. In light of that, I'm an advocate of extending the school year. Of course the unions will probably be first on line to shoot me down with that, followed by the students...lol
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07:53 PM on 04/30/2011
It sounds more like their parents don't understand they have power do something about this. I don't understand this "school is closed, so there's no way a child can learn without a summer program". There are plenty of ways to learn. Go to the library. There are books about many subjects from easy reader to college level. There are many sites online (computers are free to use at public libraries) informing families about free or low-cost family activities. There are free tours of many places. Anything a summer program can do, a family can also do if they put in the effort. If families can afford video games, cable TV, and junk food, they can afford to spend money taking their families on day trips or places in their area. Not only will they be learning together, they'll be making many family memories to talk about for years to come.

I also give my students folders of work that looks like games and puzzles to do--I ask them to spend 5 minutes a day on math and at least 15 minutes a day on reading. When they bring them back completed in the fall they get little prizes, but they've also usually maintained their skills which is the main purpose.

It would be great to have a longer school year and more funding for summer programs, but both are expensive and with our economy the way it is, it's unlikely to happen.
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perlin
07:32 PM on 04/30/2011
Ouch, it hurts to think what is going to happen once the children graduate from school.
Are they going to forget everything they have to learn in school?
A summer learning loss should never be a problem as long as there are free, public library open during summer. However I agree a good summer programs are really very important for children from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
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bessielil
trying to organize hummingbirds
06:11 PM on 04/30/2011
Just one more example of how arrogant it is to dismiss the effects of poverty on learning. Too often, people who had different childhood experiences use themselves as examples of why such activities need not be provided by govt, local and beyond.

Summer programs like this are the best example of affirmative action. Academically speaking, a tri-semester year would be ideal for kids (if the schools are air conditioned).

It might not be as ideal for teachers only because the ones I know either have to work to supplement their income or take graduate courses to stay up to date. That said, public universities have a responsibility to offer course credit to teachers within the confines of area school schedules. Three week and four week intensive courses are not unusual.
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TFT
It's the poverty, stupid.
03:09 PM on 04/30/2011
School should be more like summer camp--fun, interesting, engaging, and low-stakes. Kids learn more at camp in a month than they can in an over-crowded, crumbling, rigid school environment.

All teachers should first have to be camp counselors. It's the best training I can think of.
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MeinNH
Ooooo Silly Me
03:36 PM on 04/30/2011
Great Idea! The Elementary school that my granddaughter attends gave out packets last year of reading and learning activities that were to be used by parents and other family members over the summer. I did a lot of things with my granddaughter but her parents felt that kids don't need to do work over the summer....sadly it shows with their other two kids. In the end, the kids are the ones who ultimately suffer.
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cmr86
Reality. Progressively-based.
05:04 PM on 04/30/2011
Even though I'm an incoming teacher and love the idea of summer breaks, I wouldn't be against shifting it two a trimester-type system, in which three months of instruction occurred with a month break. Unfortunately, I don't think it'll every be seriously implemented.
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cmr86
Reality. Progressively-based.
05:05 PM on 04/30/2011
To*
01:07 PM on 05/02/2011
How about all bloggers being camp counselors. What we expect of teachers is over the top. You go councel camp. It is so easy to should and mustrabate about what work others should be doing.

There are free programs like public libraries that can provide access to the best minds that ever lived. They also can provide free videos and books on tape for struggling readers. That is what we did in our poor neighborhoods as kids. Teachers were never expected to be camp councelors. Sheez.