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Joanna Dolgoff, M.D.

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Is Your Child a Carb-etarian?

Posted: 07/06/10 11:31 AM ET

It is commonly believed that a vegetarian diet is a healthy diet. And that is usually true, but not always. Consider the mother who recently told me that her child had decided to become a vegetarian. As she described his diet, I realized that he did not eat a single fruit or vegetable! Isn't that a fundamental part of being a vegetarian? More and more, however, young vegetarians are turning into "carb-etarians," eating few fruits and vegetables and opting for starches, such as pasta, pizza and french fries. Clearly, this sort of diet is in no way healthy.

There are many ways in which eating a true vegetarian diet (complete with fruits, vegetables, and plant-based proteins) can benefit your health. Dairy foods and certain animal products, like beef, tend to be high in saturated fat and cholesterol; limiting or eliminating these foods from your diet is a great way to cut back on these "bad" fats. However, people who choose to adopt a vegetarian way of life tend to make up these calories by eating more carbohydrates like breads, rice, pastas and other starches. While your LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol) can be greatly reduced from switching to vegetarianism, a diet too high in carbohydrates can actually result in elevated triglyceride levels. Triglycerides contribute to total cholesterol levels, both of which are risk factors for heart disease.

The foundation of any healthy diet is one with balance, variety and moderation. Eating a wide range of foods ensures that you will get all of the nutrients your body requires. So while adopting vegetarianism can be part of a healthy lifestyle, it is important to choose your foods carefully. Relying solely on carbohydrates for nourishment is not healthy. Dietary protein is important for maintaining your immune system and for building and repairing your body tissues. Vegetarians need to eat the proper amount of plant-based protein each day.

Meats, fish, eggs and poultry are the most "complete" sources of essential amino acids, the protein building blocks that the body can't make on its own. Other foods do contain protein but are usually "incomplete" sources of amino acids, meaning they have some, but not all, of the amino acids needed to make proteins. Vegetarians can ensure that they are getting all of the essential amino acids by combining foods, such as whole grains with nuts or legumes. For example, whole wheat bread with peanut butter, or rice and beans. These foods don't necessarily have to be eaten at the same meal; as long as you are having these foods throughout the day, the body is able to "pool" amino acids and save them to form body protein later on.

It is very possible to consume a vegetarian diet that has only plant-based proteins and is still nutritionally balanced. In fact, this type of diet can greatly reduce your risk for heart disease, stroke and certain cancers. Diets rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, beans, peas and lentils are full of fiber and antioxidants, which decrease your risk for certain cancers and heart disease. In addition to making you feel full and satisfied, dietary fiber can lower serum cholesterol levels and improve colon health.

The heart-healthy benefits that can be gained from switching to vegetarianism are not solely dependent on the foods you eliminate from your diet. What you include in your diet is also important. The bottom line is that vegetarians must eat fruit, vegetables, and plant-based proteins.

 
 
 

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It is commonly believed that a vegetarian diet is a healthy diet. And that is usually true, but not always. Consider the mother who recently told me that her child had decided to become a vegetarian...
It is commonly believed that a vegetarian diet is a healthy diet. And that is usually true, but not always. Consider the mother who recently told me that her child had decided to become a vegetarian...
 
 
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10:01 PM on 07/13/2010
Very insightful article by Prof. T Collins Campbells!

Isn't this true for most people - not eating enough fruits and vegetables because we are too busy to take the time to chew?

The "plate rationing" of foods is insufficient. We need at least 3 to 5 full servings of vegetable and fruits in a day.

Starches are good for you but excess starch is just like simple sugar...high-glycemic, obesity and diabetes.

The Okinowans' in Japan are healthy because they ate unpolluted fish rich in omega 3. Can the fish now that Japanese eat be of the same quality? Farmed fish and wild fish aren't the same.

On top of that, Japanese drink a lot fo green tea and eat a lot of mushrooms. Their great health is NOT due to a diet high in starches! Some ppl metabolise starch really quickly, they are are less likely to suffer from high-carbs.

Potatoes today are not of potatoes of yesterday. Why a potato holds "enough protein" is because humans do not need a lot of protien. (We don't even need a lot of meat and milk!)

Milk...What does Wikipedia say about trans-fat in milk?

While I agree with most of what Weston Price advocates, I do not agree that humans cannot do without meat. There's almost everythg in spirulina (wakame and kelp noodles), including vitamin B12 that vegetarians n vegans need.
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08:51 PM on 07/09/2010
isn't real just about moderation, no matter what you eat?
03:19 PM on 07/09/2010
The incessant diet misinformation from MDs drives me insane!

1. The notion of complete and incomplete proteins and food combining is a long-debunked myth. It originated in the 1971 book "Diet For A Small Planet," and even the author has recanted it. Even a monodiet of Russet potatoes (with enough calories) provides more than enough of total protein and every EAA. You can easily verify this yourself using a diet calculator like CRON-o-Meter (which pulls data from the USDA's nutrient database).

2. Starches are good for you. The longest-lived, healthiest populations we know of eat starch-based diets. The best longevity on record is the pre-WWII Okinawans, and their diet was: 85% carb, 9% protein, 6% fat. This was in a 2007 paper by Willcox, using data from the US National Archives, based on thousands of subjects. Similar macronutrient profiles are documented for the Chinese centenarians, Kitavans, Tarahumara, etc. This is the same diet Dean Ornish and others have used to reverse heart disease, diabetes, etc. All this is published in mainstream journals.

3. The foods you mention aren't "starches," they're greasy processed junk. Again using CRON-o-Meter:
Pizza Hut pepperoni pizza, regular crust: 38% fat, 38% starch, 17% protein, 4% sugar, 3% fiber
Burger King french fries: 47% fat, 46% starch, 4% protein, 0% sugar, 3% fiber
Canned spaghetti with meatballs: 43% fat, 31% starch, 16% protein, 11% sugar, 0% fiber

Do your homework before scaring people away from a healthy diet.
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grlbhvingbadly
02:21 PM on 07/09/2010
I tried being a vegetarian once for a little while because I couldn't figure out why I was so sick from everything I was eating. This included taking on a high-carb diet. Turns out -- I'm Celiac :(

I still want to find a way to lessen my intake of meat, but I haven't mastered the vegan diet.
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yogajan
Well behaved women rarely make history
09:17 AM on 07/08/2010
There are several issues here. True vegetarians usually eat healthy, with a combination of fruits, veggies, legumes and good carbs and are quite healthy. The problem sited in this article are children and teenagers, who are known to be poor eaters, yet most seem to survive those years.

My granddaughters were visiting me last weekend. I taught the 10 year old how to make scrambled eggs and she ate them everyday. The 16 year old made bread with me and proudly ate it with some cheese and tomato. It takes some time and some understanding of physiology and listening to the body, and if you keep the junk away, it helps. What seems to work the most is peer pressure, parents eating correctly and some common sense.

BTW, I think good bread is an excellent food source that has played a role in civilization from the beginning of mankind. I make my own, use it for pizza, which is also a good balanced food that kids will eat.
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IMissAmerica
Hippies were right about corp. facism, pot, & war
09:26 AM on 07/08/2010
Sounds like you are on the right track with your family, however you are misinformed about bread playing a role 'since the beginning of mankind'. Wheat only came along with the advent of agriculture about 5000 years ago.
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HealthHabits
12:45 AM on 07/09/2010
And during the 2.5 million years prior to domesticating wheat (and other grains) we got along just find without sandwiches & pasta
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10:48 PM on 07/10/2010
Newsflash: There are other grains than wheat. Actually all of them are healthier than wheat.
I'm sure you can bake bread with the wild precursors or modern bred grains too.
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IMissAmerica
Hippies were right about corp. facism, pot, & war
07:37 AM on 07/08/2010
Wheat, rye and barley are poison to millions of people. A diet based on grains is a very unhealthy diet that can lead to chronic diseases like diabetes, fibromyalgia, IBS and the eventual disintegration of your guts.
04:23 PM on 07/08/2010
Grain consumption has not been linked to the development of fibromyalgia, but grain products, unless consumed in very modest amounts, will worsen hypoglycemia, which shares--and, therefore, exacerbates--many fibromyalgia symptoms. Nail on the head about diabetes and IBS, though. Cut out grains and other carbohydrate sources and just see how quickly your blood sugar and IBS come under control.
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IMissAmerica
Hippies were right about corp. facism, pot, & war
09:01 PM on 07/08/2010
Actually Celiac disease and even the precursor to Celiac, gluten intolerance, often present with symptoms of fibromyalgia. If you have fibromyalgia symptoms you should try eliminating gluten from your diet to see if your symptoms improve.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
09:10 AM on 07/13/2010
If that's the case, shouldn't the entire populations of France and Italy be dead by now?
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kbella
07:02 AM on 07/08/2010
There is nothing wrong with saturated fat or cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol does not raise blood cholesterol. Saturated fat is also not bad for you either. Granted, a diet of french fries and bread is also not good for you, but it's the demonizing of both fat and cholesterol that have contributed to the obesity problem in the US.
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10:50 PM on 07/10/2010
Saturated fat is high in calories, raises LDL and has no nutritional value other than calories.
11:19 AM on 07/13/2010
I disagree, rpr.

Saturated fat raises large fluffy LDL (the harmless kind) and HDL (the good kind). Furthermore, saturated fat increases the efficiency of conversion of ALA into essential fatty acids, and improves the absorption of fat soluble nutrients from the gut, such as beta carotene. Medium chain saturated fatty acids are used directly by the liver for energy. Saturated fats aren't easily oxidized, so don't contribute to oxLDL like polyunsaturated fats do. In addition, saturated fats exhibit antimicrobial properties.

And most vegans probably don't realize this, but the fermentation of plant fiber in the large intestine produces significant amounts of short chain saturated fatty acids - I've a sneaking suspicion that successful raw-food vegans are very effective caudal gut fermenters and are getting by on a diet effectively fueled in part by saturated fat.
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farmilyman
everything is illusion
05:09 AM on 07/08/2010
There's nothing wrong with high fats and cholesterol. It's the transfats and simple carbs (like sugar) that are the problem.
10:33 PM on 07/07/2010
Thank you Sam Knox and probably, others for pointing out that saturated fat does *not* cause heart disease. Neither for that matter does high cholesterol. The idea that animal foods are dangerous is itself scandalous. It is based on correlation and not causation, as the Weston A. Price Foundation so keenly highlights.

Animal foods are highly nutritious. They are the only source of preformed vitamin A, and they include vitamins D, and K2, all which are critical to health. They contain anti-microbial saturated and monounsaturated fats, without which the body makes itself. Pastured meat, dairy, and eggs from healthy animals contain high amounts of betaine, choline, vitamins B6, B12, and folate, which help to keep levels of homocysteine, a protein that accelerates aging, at a safe degree.

The idea that animal foods are inherently unhealthful is a fallacy. The quality of animal foods is dependent on how they were raised and whether they ate a high-quality evolutionary diet.
07:40 AM on 07/10/2010
"...as the Weston A. Price Foundation so keenly highlights."

Weston A. Price Foundation is highly questionable as a reliable source of nutritional information. Many of their activities, including their 2009 conference, are sponsored by peddlers of meat and dairy products, such as: Green Pasture, Vital Choice, and U.S. Wellness Meats.
07:50 PM on 07/07/2010
You can get all the benefits of a good vegetarian diet if you choose to eat just a bit of meat. I switched to my own unwestern diet. Lots of vegetables, mostly leaves; lots of fresh fruit; no more than 2 or 3 oz of meat in a meal (optional), sliced, diced or shredded to make the flavor go further. I eat 5 or more eggs a week. I cook with olive oil or Butter. I drink only whole milk. I eat home made honey-sweetened ice cream frequently. My LDL dropped from 285+ to 80; Triclycerides from 600+ to 192; A1c dropped to 5.2 and my weight dropped from 285+ to 185 (6' 4"). It's the diet.
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HealthHabits
12:47 AM on 07/09/2010
Let your food be your medicine....Bravo!!!
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10:55 PM on 07/10/2010
Exactly. If you stay away from processed and high fat meats there's nothing wrong with them. The same applies to dairy.
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cinemaven
Mom, wife, social & political activist, writer...
05:54 PM on 07/07/2010
I sometimes feel as though I must have been walking against the crowd as a parent. My children rarely cooked their own food or did the grocery shopping ... they didn't plan our meals and, as children, they didn't really understand the nutritive value of anything my husband or I purchased and cooked... they just ate the meals.

I recently visited my cousin and his wife for a week and I watched their 5yr old eat nothing but carbs. Breakfast was a huge white bun with no butter or contents, lunch was a marguerita pizza (dough, sauce and cheese) and dinner was pasta with no sauce. When he needed to go to the bathroom, his parents or I had to go with him to read while he tried to pass a yellow, hard bowel movement that hurt him. I went out and bought raspberries, strawberries and blueberries and put them on the table, making a big deal out of the taste of sunshine. He went to reach for a blueberry and his mom chose that time to say "Oh, he doesn't like fruit".

Allowing a 5yr old to choose their diet is irresponsible at best, abusive at worst. Parenting takes more than just saying yes to a child's whims and it's our job to ensure that a child is eating a well balanced meal. Preparing and serving a balanced dinner and expecting it to be eaten usually results in it being eaten. (at least in my home)
11:25 PM on 07/07/2010
That is a really, really said story. And incredibly common in this overfed, undernourished country.
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BettyBoop200
Left is right
01:12 PM on 07/09/2010
I'm sure you were a very good mother who fed her children nutritious food. But being judgmental about how others feed their children only exacerbates the problem. My kids eat a very nutritious diet, and I'm glad I'm knowledgeable about food. However, my mother used to push fruit to the point where it had a counter effect on them. "Oh, taste this peach! It tastes just like candy!" The kids weren't stupid. They saw what she was doing, and wouldn't play along. It's not your business what the kids eats.

Keep in mind that parents tend to know their children better than any outsider does, and they care about them more than you do. I'm not suggesting that anyone promote junk food because that's the only thing their kids will eat, but the diet you describe . . . well, it could be worse.
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cinemaven
Mom, wife, social & political activist, writer...
07:34 PM on 07/09/2010
Betty, if you'd ever spent several hours reading to a 5 yr. old as he whimpered and cried because he was having such difficulty having a bowel movement and then heard from his mother that that's the reason they have a chair in the bathroom because it happens all the time, you'd likely be a little judgmental also. It's just not good parenting to allow a child to eat nothing but dry white bread, dry pasta and pizza.. especially when you have such definitive proof that it's hurting him. No kid can be a Carb-etarian without the parent buying the carbs, cooking the carbs and serving the carbs.

I'm not your mother but I am A mother and I had no reason to push fruit on my kids because they have always had a varied and good diet. I didn't have to trick them into eating things but I did have to model good eating habits so they would see it every day.. and their dad had to learn to love veggies so he could do the same. It was our job...
02:42 PM on 07/07/2010
"Dairy foods and certain animal products, like beef, tend to be high in saturated fat and cholesterol; limiting or eliminating these foods from your diet is a great way to cut back on these "bad" fats."

There was never much good evidence that saturated fats are "bad", and now there's even less:

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/ajcn.2009.27725v1

Dietary cholesterol has very little effect on blood cholesterol.
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11:07 PM on 07/10/2010
However, replacing saturated with unsaturated fats has a big positive effect on blood lipids ("cholesterol").
02:03 PM on 07/13/2010
But there is a finer point:

Mono unsaturates appear to lower total LDL while leaving HDL relatively unchanged.

Polyunsaturates lower total cholesterol (this includes HDL).

Saturated fat will *lower* atherogenic Lp(a) and raise large fluffly LDL and HDL, which is a big positive that can't be had by increasing dietary intake of polyunsaturates.

Since high total cholesterol only correlates with a minority of CHD cases (that is, a causal role has not been identified), how can you be certain the effect of replacing saturates with unsaturates is a "big positive", when (poly)unsaturates have either a neutral or negative effect on HDL?
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Sarah Lovinger
02:03 PM on 07/07/2010
I suspected that my daughter became a vegetarian at age 9 1/2 so she could eat as much pasta as she would like. I am okay with her choice of vegetarianism, but I make sure she eats a lot of protein, mostly in the form of dairy products, and consumes some fruits and vegetables every day.
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rivergirl301
My micro-bio is empty
01:01 PM on 07/07/2010
My now 16-year-old son has been a carb-etarian (vegetarian) for years. We laughed a lot at first when we thought we coined that word. But it's not funny. When he first announced he was a vegetarian, I demanded he do research and help me with meal planning, which he has not done. I get no end of grief from people because I "let him" eat like this, but he is 6 feet tall and I cannot wrestle him to the ground and force feed him. Otherwise, he is a straight A student and very physically fit. I am just so unhappy about his eating habits.
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cichlid mom
This is my fourth attempt to write a micro bio
02:43 PM on 07/07/2010
My main concern is that she will develop poor eating patterns as an adult. Hopefully, kids grow out of this, but I am concerned. If my child was really vegetarian, and would eat more than five to six foods, I would be happy. But as the author states, vegetables are not in the mix and rarely will she touch fruit.
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William J Unverferth Sr
Snark attack.
02:58 PM on 07/07/2010
"16-year-old son". Be that as it may for someone athletic and active carbo-loading is not a bad diet. It sucks if you are sedentary. Pasta & breads are not just empty carbs as they do contain a surprising amount of protein in the form of glutens (only bad if you are sensitive to them). It's not a complete protein (soy is the only complete vegetable protein) but it's not bad if their activity keeps up with their caloric intake. I am lucky in that my child is an omnivore and will at least try anything set before him.
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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
03:52 AM on 07/08/2010
My 13-year-old son stopped eating meat when he was 3. He eats cheese, peanut butter and almonds for protein, as well as some eggs, but really doesn't care for fruit or vegetables besides apples. We buy him Sunripe FruitPlus, a fruit and vegetable juice with no added sugar or salt. And vitamins with iron. We always encourage him to try new things, but it's slow going.

One thing you can hope for is the influence of a girlfriend. Guys will eat something if their girlfriends love it, and they are sometimes too polite to turn down something the girls or their mothers cook for them.

Conversely, my oldest son started eating a wider variety of vegetables to annoy his former girlfriend while they were breaking up, because she was a KD and McDonald's kind of person.
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cichlid mom
This is my fourth attempt to write a micro bio
10:34 AM on 07/07/2010
I appreciate the article, but was expecting to learn why some children prefer this diet. My daughter is clearly a carb-atarian to the point that she will choose to not eat rather than eat meat or vegetables. Her diet of choice - peanut butter (not bad in terms of carbs), mac and cheese, toast, pancakes, and sweets. Our only saving grace is that she does not like fried foods (chips and fries). Believe me, we have worked with her to try new foods, played games, punished her, let her go hungry. On this score I do not believe we are being overly indulgent. She would simply rather be hungry than eat foods she doesnt like. The slightest changes in the appearance, taste, texture of foods will send her packing.

I have seen some explanations offered about texture sensitivity, etc. But I have always wondered if there is not some underlying issue related to insulin resistance. Her docs simply tell us to give her vitamins and not let her eat sweets, etc.

Does any one know what causes this or better yet how to change it?
12:30 PM on 07/07/2010
My step daughter use to play this game. Making her family beg her to eat. I put a stop to it by saying she can eat whatever she wants in the house. Of course, there were no cookies or white grains in the house. She ended up with chicken vegetable soup and peanut butter on whole grain crackers. Today she is a healthy eater. You let her manipulate you with food. It has become a game with her. You should just serve healthy meals and she has a choice to eat or not. Don't worry about it. It she say's she is hungry offer her fruit or nuts. Make interesting looking snacks that are healthy. Also, have her help make meals with you that may help. Serve only whole grain pasta and bread. Stop worrying about it. If she's hungry she will eat. Begging only makes it more fun for her to play the torture parents with food game.
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cichlid mom
This is my fourth attempt to write a micro bio
02:40 PM on 07/07/2010
"You should just serve healthy meals and she has a choice to eat or not. " This has become our strategy. I also tell her to have at it in the kitchen and find what she wants. We don't cook separate meals, etc.

Certainly there are ways we could improve our approach, but I still wonder if there is not an underlying cause of this. I wonder if it is not more than simply behavioral, but doesnt have some biological underpinning. Maybe not - but I would be interested to know if this is the case.

Even with our "eat or don't eat" approach, it is driving me crazy.
05:28 PM on 07/07/2010
Thank you, thank you, thank you. I am so sick and tired of people saying "but my kid won't eat . . ." I make a meal and they can either eat or starve. PERIOD, END OF STORY. If they're hungry they will eat the food. I don't play the food game with my kids. We have a national crisis with obesity in kids in this country, and if you ask me, it's because parents obsess that their kids HAVE to eat three meals and a multitude of snacks a day. And, if the only thing they'll eat is chicken nuggets, fries and processed snacks, that's what their kids eat because that's "all they'll eat."

Sorry parents, but the only reason why your kid only eats crap is because the minute they refuse to put a piece of grilled chicken in their mouths you run to the microwave to heat up processed chicken nuggets.

If parents only had the balls to just let their kids go bed hungry once and a while, they'd soon learn that the grilled chicken is going to start to look REAL GOOD once they realize its the only option.
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William J Unverferth Sr
Snark attack.
03:05 PM on 07/07/2010
I think a lot of it starts out with processed baby food. For our first and in a few months our second we basically blended whatever we were eating (minus a couple of items) with chicken broth or juice (if needed). He got a wide exposure to a lot of foods and flavors early with a heavy concentration on vegetables. He will throw aside bread for carrots and just LOVES my meatballs. I also make my own bread & pizza dough too so when he does get bread I know just what's in it.
06:55 PM on 07/07/2010
I also wonder this. My husband and I raised two children without buying even ONE can or bottle of baby food. Not one. The babies were weaned onto the same foods the family would eat. We never cooked separate meals for the children when they were babies. Whatever we had, they had, even if it was just blended up. And as I just mentioned above, both kids loved fruit and veges all the way through their childhoods and as young adults they still do. I do think that the old fashioned giving of real food.....real FAMILY food, to children is a good way to go.