More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Johann Hari

Johann Hari

Posted: December 1, 2009 07:38 PM

The Choice at Copenhagen: Heroism, or Collective Suicide

What's Your Reaction?

Mohammed Nasheed knows what global warming means, because he sees it every day. He survived years of imprisonment and torture to lead his country – the Maldives – to democracy. But now, as its president, he is being forced to watch as his homeland is wiped from the map. With each year that passes, the rising sea claims more land, and at the current rate it will claim everything.

He knows why. We know why. It is because we have released massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and we aren't stopping. Unless we turn around – fast – the Maldives will be gone.

Today, he has a final plea. President Nasheed says: "Copenhagen can be one of two things. It can be an historic event where the world unites against carbon pollution in a collective spirit of co-operation and collaboration, or Copenhagen can be a suicide pact. The choice is that stark."

If we fail, the story of the Maldives will become our story. A ream of scientific studies now suggest we could be on course for 6°C of global warming this century. It doesn't sound like much at first. But the last time the world warmed by six degrees so fast was at the end of the Permian period, 251 million years ago. The result? Almost everything on earth died.

The only survivors were a few shelled creatures in the oceans, and a pig-like creature that had the land to itself for millions of years. The earth was racked by "hypercanes" – hurricanes so strong they even left their mark on the ocean floor. Oxygen levels in the atmosphere plunged to 15 per cent; low enough to leave any fast-moving animal gasping for breath. These six degrees of separation stand between us and a planet we do not recognise and cannot live on.

The fever of denialism is natural. This is so far outside our experience that is seems intuitively untrue, wrong or even mad. I desperately wish the deniers were right: I would jump on the next flight to Tahiti for a month-long party. But the scientific consensus is overwhelming – as strong as the consensus that smoking causes lung cancer, or HIV causes AIDS. The deniers are a discredited fringe with virtually no scientists currently working in the field. If you release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere on an industrial scale year after year, the world will get much warmer, and many of us will die.

I have seen it happen. In the past few years, I have reported from three places where global warming is having a catastrophic effect – the Arctic, Bangladesh and the borders of Darfur. I spoke to Inuit who are watching in disbelief as their historic hunting lands disappear and the ice sheets crumble into the sea. I stood on the drowning coast of Bangladesh as villagers pointed to a spot in the middle of the sea and said: "That is where my house was."

"When did you leave?" I asked.

"Last year," they said, shaking their heads.

But it was in Darfur that I got the plainest glimpse into a much warmer world. The settled farmers and the nomadic pastoralists had developed a peaceful way to share the water supplies of the area – but then, in the 1990s, the water started to vanish. As one refugee put it to me: "The water dried up, and so we started to kill each other for what was left." (The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, has said this is due to global warming, summarizing the reports of his leading scientists.) When the things we require to survive vanish – water, food and land – we don't wait to die. We kill for them.

Whenever the scientific consensus is accurately described, the deniers cry that we are being "alarmist". There is a difference between being alarmist, and being alarmed by the facts. To know what we know and carry on pumping out warming gases wouldn't just be foolish. It would be a crime. Yet even politicians who understand the science don't believe there will be progress at Copenhagen, because we must adhere to "political reality." People aren't ready to make changes; there's still a sense this is a vague problem for future generations; the US Senate won't pass a bill; and on, and on. But in a conflict between political and physical reality, physical reality will win. You can't stand at the edge of a super-charged hurricane and shout: "The focus groups say I can't deal with you yet."

Others complain that we who want to prevent the catastrophe mustn't be negative or scare people; we should "stress the positive". Yes, there are positive opportunities to grab: it's a chance for us all to come together in a common cause and to be a great generation, remembered as heroes by history. But it would be patronizing and bizarre to start there. In 1936, Winston Churchill and George Orwell warned about the rise of Nazism. They didn't sugar-coat it. They didn't wrap it in feel-good homilies. They treated people like adults. A terrible threat was rising, and it had to be stopped. This is our position today. This is our choice. We can make history – or we can commit suicide.

 

Johann Hari is a writer for the Independent. To read more of his articles, click here. For an archive of his writings on global warming, click here.

 

Follow Johann Hari on Twitter: www.twitter.com/johannhari101

 
 
  • Comments
  • 51
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2  Next ›  Last »  (2 total)
03:16 PM on 12/05/2009
I can imagine the big shots reading this and saying, "Hmm, it looks like I still have time to make a bunch of money, then I'll retire to my estates and let the folks fend for themselves."
07:54 PM on 12/02/2009
I am appalled at your using Nazi comparisons to those who do not deny Climate Change , but merely mans's influence . This is akin to those who flippantly use the word rape , and torture to get their points more emphasis,,,,,, The Climate has Changed will change and is changing and will continue without man effecting it nearly as much as you decree,,,
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jimboy17
01:42 PM on 12/02/2009
My perspective:

It doesn't matter if climate change is real or not. Finding the solution to this problem will require unprecedented global cooperation, awareness and openess. It will radically transform the way we extract, produce and consume resources. It will deliver an understanding of how we affect the planet, and in turn, our selves. It will herald unprecedented technologies of peace, prosperity, and sustainability.

Now who in their right mind doesn't think that this is finally a war worth fighting?
11:25 PM on 12/02/2009
When faced with a non-problem, we must summon the courage to do nothing.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jimboy17
01:17 PM on 12/03/2009
Well, that's pretty much what we do when faced with any problem that doesn't involve making a few people very rich. Welcome to history.
01:17 PM on 12/03/2009
"It doesn't matter if climate change is real or not. Finding the solution to this problem..."

So you are saying that if climate change (and I hope you are referring to AGW, since the "climate" has been changing non-stop for eons) is not real, we must find "solutions"?

Why? If it's not real, then aren't we wasting valuable time & resources to fight a non-existent problem?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jimboy17
01:30 PM on 12/03/2009
It helps to read the whole post. Man made pollution because of reliance on fossil fuels is a huge problem on its own. Or do you deny that pollution is man-made too? Even without the climate issue, we're headed to disaster. The sooner we develop cheap, clean, renewable energy, the sooner the planet, and we can begin to heal. Pthalates, plastics, petrochemicals, synthetic estrogens and a toxic soup of used drugs infect the water of this planet. A raft of chemical plastic stretches from California to Japan. Birth rates are declining, and all the while desertification, salination, ecological collapse and increased extinction occur apace.

Whether or not these are the cause of climate change or caused by climate change, or a species of barbapapa deep under the earth's mantle is immaterial, because an end to fossil fuels and the development of sustainable living will ensure that we can march into the 22 century with the knowledge we did the right thing. If the planet is still warming, then the strategies we develop will only be complemented by the hard work on solving the other pressing issues.
12:56 PM on 12/02/2009
Where were the cars and factories 250 million years ago? If everything died without our present-day carbon emissions, what makes anyone think we will be able to curve climate change? If green crusaders want to change how we live, they will have to find a better vehicle than a climate of scare tactics to make us get on board.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jimboy17
01:26 PM on 12/02/2009
Care to explain this patent balderdash? Mass extinctions happen for a variety of reasons. Some are primarily terrestrial (vulcanism), and some are extra-terrestrial (asteroids). The mass extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous (65 mybp) was likely of the latter sort (the fine layer of iridium in K-T associated clays is an indicator). Chixulub, underneath the modern Yucatan is the likely K-T event impact crater. James Lovelock has hypothesised quite convincingly that aerobic life first poisoned anaerobic life almost 4 billion years ago.

You grossly misunderstand geologic processes, the dynamics of the biosphere, and climatological research. Of course, this is the case with most of the global population not directly affected by climate change. Unfortunately, by the time that this occurs, things will have progressed beyond a tipping point. Climate change can be slowed, reversed and affected precisely because it is a human spurred phenomenon.
11:52 AM on 12/02/2009
I hope the world turns veg real soon.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Angie Cordeiro
We do all things with Grace which empowers us.
01:41 PM on 12/02/2009
Oh, to sit at a "Peaceable Table"

http://www.vegetarianfriends.net/issue60.html
01:47 PM on 12/02/2009
We had a real peaceable table at Thanksgiving-the Turkey didn't make a fuss at all.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
09:24 AM on 12/02/2009
I'm not a climate expert but is there a chance that global warming is releasing stores of cold air from the polar caps so that there will be a temporary cooling until the caps are all gone, then global warming will resume? I don't hear anyone offering that explanation.
11:07 AM on 12/02/2009
Explanation for what? There is no cooling. 2007 and 2005 are tied for the hottest years on record, and the last 6 months are the hottest on record. 8 of the ten hottest years on record have occurred in the last decade.

So, I repeat, explanation for what?
09:40 AM on 12/03/2009
Excuse me, but you are wrong. There has been no rise in the global temperature since 1997, but there has been a rise in CO2, which was what all the hoohah about the hacked emails were about last week.
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/03/11/a-note-from-richard-lindzen-on-statistically-significant-warming/

=====================================

If there were a 10-degree rise in temperature on Eastern Antarctica, it would result in massive snow and ice. The increased humidity causes the precipitation. Eastern Antarctica, the biggest section of Antarctica and the coldest (-100 F) benefits from rises in temp in what we call the winter months, and which is summer for them.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jimboy17
01:37 PM on 12/02/2009
No. Think of the earth as a beaker of water with an ice cube in it. The water is at 4 degrees celcius, and the ice just below zero. The air immediately above the ice and cooler water is around 10 degrees at the surface. I add plastic wrap to the beaker (simulating increased CO2) and the air temperature rises to about 25 degrees in less than an hour. The ice melts, and the temperature rises.

Try at home with two glasses. Leave one uncovered and the other covered with two ice cubes of the same size using the same volume of water. Which one melts first? That is what is happening on a global scale. Any cooling from polar waters will be very temporary and localized. The difference between the earth and the glass, in terms of temperature effect is of course scale. The temperature changes are more modest in terms of degrees, the time it takes for the system to adapt completely is longer, and the results catastrophic.

I think what you refer to is the chance that the melting poles might change the north atlantic current, and thereby the jet stream. This has been hypothesised, but is far from proven. It might (read, might) incurr a short cooling period, but the overall trend would continue, because the CO2 (and other greenhouse gasses) would still be in the atmosphere, due to cars, industry, fossil fuels, livestock, concrete and a myriad of other human made and human affected processes.
09:50 AM on 12/03/2009
Actually, it's the other way around: it's the Gulf Stream wind that moves the current.
Video clip.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McsZ1U20W0M

The full show transcript:
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/31/lkl.01.html

The total percentage of CO2, the total composition of the air, in the atmosphere is .03%. Dont forget you exhale it every few seconds.
08:47 AM on 12/02/2009
In a discussion with friends recently, we were a group with divided opinions on this matter. The deniers were denying strictly on faith that this couldn't be happening and a protest of "surely someone would have told us if this were really a problem"... While the rest of us were going off the scientific models and scales, and painfully embracing this new reality: the climate is not only changing, it's changing faster than the planet can adapt to, thus making it something "manmade" rather than a natural cycle.

People are in denial because it would force them to reevaluate everything they do and all they have taken for granted, and require enormous changes. Using only the example of transportation, if 'green' were suddenly the rule, people would be forced to by new vehicles, and the over-abundant wave of motorhomes would come to a standstill. Ordinary gas stations would be forced to close, leaving people out of business, etc. Whole industries involving transportation would be forced to change.

That's the best way to start... But I know of almost no one brave enough to face that sort of change. We've are childishly comfortable, making most people unable to face different possibilities. Even if it means preserving the planet and the life on it.

I've given up on those in denial at this point. I can only move forward doing what I can in whatever way I can. Maybe it will make a difference. I hope so.
01:25 PM on 12/03/2009
So, to do your part, are you bicycling everywhere, using heat generated from solar & wind, growing your own food ( we all know big-agriculture is a notorious waster of water, energy and land)?

Are you "brave enough to face that sort of change"?
lastpost
see biography
07:31 AM on 12/02/2009
I think you will find that some people are turned off by conjecture masquerading as fact, Johann. If you were to state that current energy sources are exhaustible, I don’t think you’d get much of an argument. If you claim that scientists are infallible. I’m afraid there are far too many examples of the opposite, for that to be believed.
If we concentrated our greatest resource, humanity itself, on addressing the coming shortfall, we would maximise our chances of survival. But that would require a monumental change in our perceptions. Something some of us are attempting to achieve.
By pointing out that if your explanation is demonstrably valid, you should have no difficulty whatever in explaining any contradictory material. Otherwise, what you have is a belief. Which is something science itself frowns on.
06:51 AM on 12/02/2009
Johann,

May I present you with some facts?

We are told that the arctic sea ice is disappearing at an alarming rate. We are NOT told of 2 successive years of rebound. We are NOT told that the Antarctic sea ice is holding its own over the same period. We are not told that Antarctic sheet ice is growing.

We are told that the Maldives will disappear in a 100 years. We are NOT told of the wave cut bench dated from the 20th century which is now a foot above sea level where it was formed.

We are told about the flooding of a delta plain in Bangladesh. We are NOT told that when rivers deposit sediment in a delta, there is both land gain and land subsidence associated with that process.

We are told of the climatic changes in Darfur. We are NOT told of the effect of dramatic increases in population and water usage.

We are told that GCC proponents are not alarmist. But you piece goes on to say --- (The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, has said this is due to global warming, summarizing the reports of his leading scientists.) When the things we require to survive vanish – water, food and land – we don't wait to die. WE KILL FOR THEM.

Global Climate change is real. There was some sporadic warming in the 20th century. But for humanities sake put it in its proper context. We do NOT need fake science.
11:14 AM on 12/02/2009
There have not been 2 successive years of rebound in Arctic ice. You mistake ice extent for ice volume, which has continued to decline year by year.

A one foot bench in the Maldives has nothing to do with climate, and it most certainly will not save it from a meter to several meter increase in sea level.

Darfur has been drier for 3 deades. Period. And by quite a lot.

If the process you describe in Bangladesh had not been upset by seal level rise from global warming, then it would have created a homeostatic condition.

So much for your "facts."
09:57 AM on 12/03/2009
Oh yes there has been two years of rebound in the Arctic ice.
Watch a real scientist from MIT with 30 years of research under his belt show the evidence:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwM_B4-5gaE

As I wrote above, the NYT reported the discovery of a lake the size of Lake Erie under Darfur in 2007.

A one foot bench in the Maldives is BECAUSE THE LAND moves as well. Responsible oceanographers involved with responsible climate change research will tell you this.
06:49 AM on 12/02/2009
Sadly, I expect human beings to choose suicide.
05:43 AM on 12/02/2009
Our track record in responding to serious matters is not encouraging. I have hope, though, because the alternatives are too grim to accept without a fight. If humanity can learn to think clearly and act logically through eliminating deluded and wishful thinking, learning to restrain greed and anger and hatred, then perhaps we stand a chance of a brilliant future. If not, I doubt we'll last the next century or two. We need more visionaries and spokespersons like Carl Sagan to stir our imagination.
photo
Erzsebet Gilbert
author, expat, traveler
04:13 AM on 12/02/2009
An excellent article here - personally, I have both desperate hopes for Copenhagen and a sense of despair. Human activities and attitudes have to change. I can't pretend I'm somehow entirely innocent of environmentally abusive behaviors, though I do my best to live in a low-impact way. The thing is, though, that the citizenry of industrialized nations have access - and moreover an addiction - to convenience. We want everything fast and easy - we want to get where we're going in a fast vehicle, we want easy energy, we want high-energy appliances and lifestyles, disposable goods. It's sold to us, and we consume it. And the philosophy is infectious. So while I hope international standards and legislation moves towards sustainable practices, I think part of the denial of climate change, and part of the trouble we'll have on the way to halting it, is that it's just going to be so darn inconvenient.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Gib
My micro-bio is empty
03:57 AM on 12/02/2009
Here's a question: how much has the sea level risen in the last century?
photo
GuyRC
FYI: there is a cream for micro-bio.
04:29 AM on 12/02/2009
Wait, I like trivia..... how much have you learned in the last decade?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tim303
01:08 AM on 12/02/2009
Nice one Jonathan. I suspect that the hysteria in the comments below this one, which I shall read with the scant attention they deserve, will be higher than even those against President Obama's other policies or the fact that he is our President at all. Why? Because to acknowledge that global warming is caused by us burning fossil fuels would burn a huge hole in most forms of contemporary "conservatism."
photo
TheMediaRanger
Pull over, buddy, let's see your poetic license
12:11 AM on 12/02/2009
Great article, Johann. The fact is, overheated or not, we're close to a time of peak oil on this planet. For that reason alone, we need to look to development of solar, hydrogen, wind and other alternative energies. We'd be smart to pursue them actively, regardless of whether the research has consensus or is flawed. Nature is fully capable of producing a hot earth or an ice age without our help and despite our best efforts. But alternative energies present a fine opportunity to raise the bar in education, revive creativity and innovation in industry, and rejuvenate the rapidly disappearing middle class.