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John L. Esposito

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Honor Killing: Is Violence Against Women a Universal Problem, Not an Islamic issue?

Posted: 09/04/10 02:16 PM ET

John L. Esposito and Sheila B. Lalwani

Washington -- Women are murdered in so-called honor killings everyday, and the public has a right to know more about these crimes and their victims.

Take India for example. On Saturday, the first-ever Indian Peoples' Tribunal on so-called 'Honour Killings" gathered prominent lawyers and activists from major Indian non-government organizations, including the Human Right Law Network, the Women's Legal Forum and the Women's Christian Association of India, to raise awareness for these crimes. The event followed an incident earlier this summer when two young people from different backgrounds pledged to marry one another but were killed by their loved ones. Family members perpetrated the so-called honor killing to restore their communal standing. Some praised the murderers as heroes, and authorities treated the crime with impunity.

Were the victims Muslim?

No. That's the point.

Gender equity and violence against women are two issues rightfully attracting more attention in the mainstream press, but in the court of public opinion, Islam is seen as an instigator of women's oppression. Studies show that gender equity is cited as a reason for the public's mistrust of Islam. Mass media message and biased campaigns -- such as the one Ms. Pamela Geller waged in Chicago in August -- that link so-called honor killings to Islam miss the opportunity to address what is truly intolerable: Gender-based violence. Such violence refers to crimes committed against females and cuts across numerous faiths, cultures and societies.

According to the 2009 United Nations Human Development report, approximately 5,000 people -- the vast majority of them girls and women -- fall victim to so-called honor killings annually. So-called honor killings are murders, usually committed against female family members accused of impugning the family honor. These crimes are symptomatic of highly patriarchal systems, where women are held responsible for maintaining personal, family and community honor.

These murders occur in the Islamic World; but, they also take place in other countries, such as India and victims can be Muslim, Christian, Hindu or Sikh. The killings are often treated as a family matter and become extra-judicial. Even in rare cases in which perpetrators are prosecuted, sentences are often disappointingly light.

When so-called honor killings are linked to Islam, they ignore non-Muslim victims and ascribe the issue to "Islam" when these crimes are a cultural phenomenon with a past that pre-dates Islam. So-called honor killings occurred in ancient civilizations, including Babylonia, Biblical Israel and Rome.

In fact, there is no justification for so-called honor killing in Islamic law or religion. Similarly, there is no scriptural reasoning for these crimes in Hindu or Sikh sacred texts.

The Geller ad campaign omitted that in recent years, Muslim scholars, commentators and organizations have condemned these so-called honor crimes as an un-Islamic cultural practice. To illustrate, the Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah, a prominent Shii spiritual leader, issued a fatwa banning so-called honor killing and describing it as a "repulsive act, condemned and prohibited by religion." Shaykh Ali Gomaa, Egypt's grand mufti, also has spoken out against these crimes.

The United Nations has also taken actions to comprehensively address gender justice and has not addressed so-called honor killings are an exclusively Islamic problem.

These statements rarely get the attention they deserve and the public is left to contend with false information that fuel personal agendas and undermine the progress that has been made over the last several years to build global awareness on violence against women. Muslim fathers love their daughters just as much as fathers elsewhere.

We live in an unequal world, and women of every religion are victims of cruelty. Let's keep that at the forefront of the debate and address how to make so-called honor killings and other forms of gender violence history, which is exactly where these crimes belong.

Everyone -- Muslim and non-Muslim -- would be better served that way.

 
 
 

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06:31 PM on 09/07/2010
Hey we're not so bad - see, everyone's doing it!

This sort of public-relations-drivel-as-opinion may fly at the HuffPo, but I think most people's BS detectors will see this for what it is.
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Dennis Schmunk
01:27 PM on 09/06/2010
A reading of Deuteronomy will prove that religious mysogyny pre-dates Islam. Is this strictly a cultural phenom? I don't think it is as womens rights to divorce and own property in Rome were more liberal than the restrictions under Augustines christianity.

A communist thinker said we could judge a society by the equality of its women. Logic would agree that there is no such thing as gender in the makeup of the human soul.
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Sneakerface
01:09 PM on 09/06/2010
Ok, there are "honor killings" that involve non-muslims and are part of other cultures and faiths. Now, show me some credible statistics that show that the majority of "honor killings" are not associated with muslim marriages.
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01:08 PM on 09/06/2010
As a therapist and a convert to Islam, I have encountered misogyny in many groups. Listen to the "trash-talk" of any group of average American adolescent athletes and you will hear terms bandied about that, heard objectively, can only be understood as derogatory of women and the characteristics of women. The statistics of rape in the United States are appallingly high and the prevalence of non-sexual violence against women and girls may be even higher. These all arise from our attitude toward women.

But the notion of "honor killings" and the sentiments which fuel it, however, draw attention because of the sheer depth of anger and hatred they seem to display.

I was watching the movie Rob Roy the other day. Starring Jessica Lange and Liam Neeson, it is-- among other things-- a wonderful portrayal of love and respect between a man and a woman. In the early part of the film there is a conversation between Rob Roy and his sons about honor. "Honor is what no man can give you and what none can take from you. All men with honor are kings, but not all kings have honor." One of the character's sons then asks, "Father, do women have honor?" To which Rob Roy replies, "They are the heart of honor. You must protect them and cherish them."

How would men who hate and fear women, both Muslim and non-Muslim, even understand this?
12:29 PM on 09/06/2010
Religions don't help the matter.

They all subjugate women.
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MohammedAbbasi
Co-Director, Association of British Muslims
12:04 PM on 09/06/2010
I have a problem with describing these as 'Honour Killings...' There is no honour in killing
02:19 PM on 09/06/2010
This is the reason for which the authors, in the first sentence say "so-called honor killings."
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MohammedAbbasi
Co-Director, Association of British Muslims
04:24 PM on 09/06/2010
Indeed its not a comment directed at the author but the media generally and wording matters if we are to break this
CognitoErgoSum
CogitoErgoSum was taken when I signed up.
11:15 AM on 09/06/2010
Men have always sought to control women's reproductive capabilities so they don't get stuck expending their resources to support and proliferate another man's children. It's all about genetic competition and preventing theft of resources.

That seems to be the empirical and visceral heart of patriarchy wrapped up in "tradition," "culture" and religion.

Once society is honest with itself about that, then an honest discussion can take place and self-aware, conscious decisions can be made about gender equity in law, religious doctrine and cultural practice.
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JPalka
11:40 PM on 09/06/2010
Did you see that guy that got pregnant? He cannot stop now. You are right. And it is not even about gender. It's just this coincidence that it is women that give birth
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dubbleplusgood
turned off CNN, turned on CurrentTV
02:36 AM on 09/07/2010
lol what? only women can birth and that 'man' you mentioned was born female and later took hormones plus surgery to become a man but retained her reproductive organs. Basically she's a woman with add-on-man-parts.
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Parvaneh Ferhad
10:13 AM on 09/06/2010
Not directly related, but still interesting for giving context. From the Jakarta Post:

Homosexuals and homosexuality are natural and created by God, thus permissible within Islam, a discussion concluded here Thursday.

Moderate Muslim scholars said there were no reasons to reject homosexuals under Islam, and that the condemnation of homosexuals and homosexuality by mainstream ulema and many other Muslims was based on narrow-minded interpretations of Islamic teachings.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/27/islam-039recognizes-homosexuality039.html
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LynneE
A not-so-elite liberal.
12:34 PM on 09/06/2010
That's a great decision, if it carries over to mainstream society. Now if everyone would just issue a statement that says:

Women are natural and created by god, thus equal in the eyes of god and society.

I don't believe in god, but I do believe that all beings are entitled to equal rights. Thanks for your post.
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OhgReaTone
Ohg Rea Tone writes for thefiresidepost.com
09:53 AM on 09/06/2010
Violence begins in a person's youth. Bullying is a universal trait not owned by any religion. .........

http://thefiresidepost.com/2010/08/22/youth-violence-not-just-fight-or-flight/
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
09:26 AM on 09/06/2010
Since we believe in "freedom of religion", does that mean that we should allow religions that mutilate, kill by stoning, give 99 lashes for not wearing the chador (face veil) to follow those religious edicts in our own country?

We prosecute parents who allow their children to die because their religion forbids medical attention. That seems to go against the "freedom of religion" that most believe is a cornerstone of our laws.

What if an imam presens a fatwa in an Islamic place of worship and that fatwa designates 99 lashes for a woman who does not wear a face veil? Should we not prosecute that imam or any followers who act on that fatwa?
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LynneE
A not-so-elite liberal.
12:36 PM on 09/06/2010
Absolutely we should prosecute that person. That's why it's important to have secular laws and law enforcement. However, even with secular laws and law enforcement, and with a majority christian population, we have a high rate of violence against women in the US. Why is that?
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500 a
PATRIOTS AGAINST THE PATRIOT ACT !!!
03:22 AM on 09/07/2010
There is a difference between the exercise of religious beliefs and the practices which may be counter to state or federal law. There have been several cases over the years. Polygamy was a particular strong debate.

"Congress cannot pass a law for the government of the Territory which shall prohibit the free exercise of religion. The first amendment to the Constitution expressly forbids such legislation." Of federal territorial laws, the Court said: "Laws are made for the government of actions, and while they cannot interfere with mere religious beliefs and opinions, they may with practices."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause_of_the_First_Amendment
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09:16 AM on 09/06/2010
Consider the following video and article regarding religious relativism and human rights:


TED: Science Can Answer Moral Questions
Sam Harris speaking at TED 2010 - What the World Needs Now
http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/ted-science-can-answer-moral-questions/

The following quote is at 10:15-12:50:

"Who are we to say that the proud denizens of an ancient culture are wrong to force their wives and daughters to live in cloth bags? Who are we to say even that they're wrong to beat them with lanks of steel cable or throw battery acid in their faces if they decline the privilege of being smothered in this way?"

"Who are we NOT to say this? Who are we to pretend that we know so little about human well being that we have to be non-judgmental about a practice like this?"

________­__________­__________­____


TED 2010: The Price in Human Suffering of Being Open-Minded
by Kim Zetter, Wired
February 11, 2010
http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/02/universal-morality/





My comments are pending approval and won't be displayed until approved!



.
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OtayPanky
You're welcome
02:45 PM on 09/06/2010
"Who are we NOT to say this? Who are we to pretend that we know so little about human well being that we have to be non-judgmental about a practice like this?"

---

Exactly so. Tolerance, in and of itself, absent any context is hardly a virtue. Cultural relativism, in and of itself, is hardly an intellectually defensible position.

The UN Declaration of Human Rights should be read by everyone participating in this discussion. Any society or social group that violates its clear, commonsensical statements needs to be called out for what they are saying and doing that is WRONG.

To be silent in the face of evil is to be complicit in its perpetuation.
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dubbleplusgood
turned off CNN, turned on CurrentTV
08:03 AM on 09/06/2010
The Abrahamic religions blame the women for the fall of humanity, therefore, they reason, all women must be kept in their place. It is the woman’s fault, because they are sinful. The men can’t help themselves as they are lustful and too weak to resist the seductiveness of any female.

I fully expect the rationalizations and excuses to respond shortly.
08:32 AM on 09/06/2010
Deflection
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dubbleplusgood
turned off CNN, turned on CurrentTV
09:05 AM on 09/06/2010
and the point is?
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Parvaneh Ferhad
10:11 AM on 09/06/2010
The Qur'an doesn't attribute fault to Eve. To vilify women because Eve was somehow evil and got mankind kicked out of paradise is a Christian concept, not an Islamic one.
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Erzsebet Gilbert
author, expat, traveler
07:17 AM on 09/06/2010
I think there's a tendency in media and discourse to portray Islam as some kind of generator of misogyny and gender-related violence, but that's deflecting attention from the real problems. Most major religions - Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, go on - have historically incorporated a good deal of sexism and abuse. This isn't necessarily connected to the actual spirituality or spiritual practices, but to the patriarchal social structures in which they've historically grown and may still reside. It's a problem of interpretation - any faith system can be read so as to justify violence and subjugation, and this is not unique to Islam. Portraying it otherwise turns the problem of gender-related violence towards western interests of justifying war, rather than changing the real problem of patriarchy. What we need, in my opinion, is a large reevaluation of values regarding gender, though I admit that this is the kind of ideological shift which takes time - not military strikes - dialogue - not bombs - and immediate awareness, protest, and active programs to stop current suffering.
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Dennis Schmunk
01:42 PM on 09/06/2010
The "patriarchal" social structure where it exists reflects perfectly the precepts of its religion. If the orthodox religions differed spiritually from their societies then they would have elected female cardinals, bishops and imams as proof that God recognises equality even when societies built on inequity do not.
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OtayPanky
You're welcome
02:38 PM on 09/06/2010
You are absolutely correct in your linkage of patriarchy and religious oppression in most if not all of the world's major religions.

But patriarchy is hardly the only problem. There is also the more generic problem of hatred and rejection of the other.

Whether it be Jews given license by Jehovah to commit genocide in order to inhabit the Promised Land, Christians demonizing Jews as the killers of Christ for twenty centuries, Hindu oppression of the Dalits (untouchables) which continues to this day, or the various hate crimes perpetrated with state sponsorship or tacit approval upon religious minorities and freethinkers in Islamic countries - sll of these examples both in the core religious texts and our 21st century world argue eloquently (and tragically) for a need for ALL religions to be thoroughly declawed and defanged.

No religion in any nation-state should be allowed to dominate and define civil law. All nation-states should agree in principle and in practice to the UN Declaration of Human Rights. These standards should be declared and applied universally - without fear or favor - by all right thinking men and women, regardless of one's own race, religion, color or citizenship.

No whitewashing - either of our sins as Americans - or the sins of others. Let all declarations and all actions be judged impartially in the clear light of day. This is the 21st century, not the 12th.
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hello All
07:17 AM on 09/06/2010
Pamela Geller claims, here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzPTkFTx98E, that she is not an Islamophobe or anti-Muslim and that she just cares about "people", yet her website Atlasshrug is full of anti-Islam and anti-Muslim bashing. She has one page dedicated to the victim of honor killings, here: http://atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com/honor_killings/. If she is not anti-Islam then why is her website show victims of honor killings committed by Muslims only? Are the victims of honor killings committed by non-Muslims are not "people"? Or she doesn't consider them worth mentioning as that is not a part of her Agenda?

I would have appreciated here efforts about campaigning against honor killing in general irrespective of religion. She is either ignorant about the honor killings in other cultures, religion or societies or she intentionally ignores that issues, since as I mentioned earlier, her intentions is to malign Islam.

A NYTimes article on honor killings in India http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/10/world/asia/10honor.html?scp=1&sq=khap&st=cse one might get surprise to see the following sentence in the article "New cases of killings or harassment appear in the Indian news media almost every week."

Another article from a leading newspaper in india http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article509792.ece that suggest 1000 honor killing every year in India. I am not surprised why these cases are not discussed when one talk about honor killings.
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dubbleplusgood
turned off CNN, turned on CurrentTV
07:42 AM on 09/06/2010
this helps make your case how? geller is a bigot, no question. but if she shows honor killings from Islam, there's no requirement for her to show the same from other cultures or religions as that doesn't change what is occuring in Islam. The real reason she didnt show Indian killings is likely she doesnt even know about them but im sure she'd love to show more non-whites doing things like HK so that doesnt help your position either. just cuz billy is a bully, doesnt mean johnny can be a bully too.
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hello All
07:59 AM on 09/06/2010
Pamela Geller apologist twisting my post to justify hate she is spreading, what is your case?
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Parvaneh Ferhad
10:09 AM on 09/06/2010
Well, if it's not unique to Islam, then you can't blame Islam for it and as the author points out, honour killings have no basis in the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
It's a horrible practice that pre-dates Islam.
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07:14 AM on 09/06/2010
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/09/05/2010-09-05_vatican_suggests_it_could_intervene_to_save_sakineh_mohammadi_ashtiani_in_iran_f.html
I few examples of brutality in other religious culture against women doesn't give Islam a pass on their predominant abuse of women. Looks like the Catholics are trying to intervene. Maybe they can help pull Islam into the current century. I'm sure some an intelligent 'mullah" will issue a fatwah against the Pope.
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hello All
07:25 AM on 09/06/2010
Some people are trying to improve their image at the expense of Sakineh issue. I would have had respect for Vatican had they stood against all kind of abuses, including the child abuses committed by their clergy. They tried and trying to hide the embarrassing issues in their own backyard but coming out against the issues in others, how hypocritical or bigoted.
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dubbleplusgood
turned off CNN, turned on CurrentTV
07:50 AM on 09/06/2010
and there's no child abuse in islam? lol. when does the denial stop? in afghanistan, and elsewhere, there are places where boys are serial raped by men. children denied education is abuse. Amnesty Intl says over 100 million muslim females worldwide have been affected by some form of genital mutiliation. mohammed had a 9 year old bride (dont even bother explaining that, ive heard all the excuses and no dice).