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Buddha Nature and the Divided Brain

Posted: 05/07/2012 7:26 am

The intuitive mind is a sacred gift, and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a world that honors the servant, but has forgotten the gift.
--Albert Einstein

Except in the light of brain hemisphere lateralization, nothing in human psychology makes any sense.
--neuroscientist Tim Crow

An Old Tale

There's a traditional Buddhist story about a statue of incomparable value, which is lost and then forgotten. For generation after generation, various kinds of human rubbish and debris accumulate to bury it. Nobody ever suspects that anything important lies under the ground. Eventually a clairvoyant person happens by who comments: "If you dig here, and clean up what you find, you will discover something invaluable." But who would follow such advice?

Our Divided Brain

In his remarkable book, "The Master and his Emissary," neurological psychologist Iain McGilchrist provides a wealth of scientific evidence to support his contention that two opposed realities are rooted in the bi-hemispheric structure of the human brain.

Although each hemisphere is specialized, neither functions as an "independent brain." They integrate their activities to produce physical movements, mental processes and behaviors greater than, and different from, their individual contributions. With functional NMR scanners, real-time brain imaging is now routinely used to determine the functional effects of all kinds of strokes and brain injuries, and in that way we can observe how the hemispheres act together as "opponent processors."

Basically, the right hemisphere is mute, perceives in a holistic Gestalt manner and synthesizes over space. The left hemisphere, the seat of language, analyzes over time. The right hemisphere codes sensory input in terms of images, the left in terms of words and concepts. Specialization of function offers all kinds of advantages, but integrating those functions is a special point of vulnerability. When it comes to the large and complex human mind-brain, harmony can easily be lost.

The evolutionary relationship between our right and left hemispheres, McGilchrist suggests, resembles the tale of a wise spiritual master who selflessly rules a small kingdom. Seeing that it is not possible for him to personally supervise the bureaucracy of government in distant parts of his realm, the master entrusts that to his brightest emissary. As time goes by, however, the ambitious emissary prioritizes his own goals and values. Finally he gains sufficient power and position to dupe the people and imprison the master. The outcome is a tyranny that eventually leads to collapse and ruin.

In the 200,000-year history of anatomically modern humans, the cerebral hemispheres have a long history of productive co-evolution. The inclusive and empathic right hemisphere is attuned to the social and emotional sounds of speech, to music, all the subtleties of relationship and holistic processing. The great skills of the left hemisphere are linguistic consciousness (the re-presentation of life in words), mathematics and motor control of the dominant hand (hence, the making of complex tools). It is a natural competitor that can always explain its own viewpoint. One of those views is that it is the "dominant" hemisphere -- the one that deserves to speak for both. When it comes to human cultural evolution, it has generally claimed the driving seat for the last few thousand years.

A kind of power struggle between these hemispheres can be inferred in European history, leading ultimately to the industrial revolution -- a comprehensive triumph of left-hemisphere verbal thinking, computation and technology. We now live in the world the left hemisphere has built, according to its own mechanistic model. Its preoccupation with manipulation, competition and control has been institutionalized and assumed a life of its own. The right hemisphere's concern for empathic relationships and a broader vision has been marginalized.

The 20th century can be understood as the attempt of the left hemisphere to build a planetary empire on the back of an unsustainable industrial growth economy, powered by oil, advertising and consumerism. Is this the fundamental reason we find ourselves in such a perfect storm of ecological, social and economic crises?

Buddha Nature In The Empire Of The Left Hemisphere

The difference between the two brain hemispheres begs comparison with a distinction in Asian spiritual traditions between small and big self. Although early Buddhism denies that there is any such thing as a self, the Mahayana Buddhist teaching of Buddha Nature distinguishes our usual limiting sense-of-self from a bigger "original self." The characteristic of ego-self is what Einstein called the "optical illusion of separateness" -- it can easily become preoccupied with competition and manipulation. But if, as neuropsychologist Dan Siegel points out, the self is big enough to have a plural identity, then "I am more than me ... I am connected to you ... I am a member of we."

The lost statue of incomparable value in the opening story symbolizes Buddha Nature, the inherent potential for self-liberation we all have. Although covered by layers of psychological delusion and conditioning, this original self has for centuries been discovered and polished through meditation, mindful awareness and related disciplines. And recent brain research is helping us to understand how that works.

Brain Plasticity And Integration

It is a fact, says Siegel, that the mind can change the structure of the brain. When you teach people to use awareness to intentionally focus attention, you not only change the function of the brain, you change its structure. That is the phenomenon of neuroplasticity. In other words, when we meditate, the brain is re-wiring itself.

Neurological integration in the brain is the linkage of differentiated parts, and this affects the functional relationship between the left and right hemispheres. Social relationships that honor differences while promoting linkages also cause the brain to become more integrated, and that looks a lot like harmony. The un-integrated state is characterized by chaos and rigidity.

We Are The Environment

These new discoveries have enormous implications for psychology, and for all who follow a path of personal transformation. This is surely also the case for the social transformation that is necessary if civilization is to survive a global ecological crisis. Today, our society must come to the realization that its original self includes the whole living world, the Earth biosphere. That kind of empathy, based on a more holistic worldview, has become essential. We cannot have sane, healthy humans or relationships on a sick planet. As Zen master Thich Nhat Hanh notes, "We have been talking about the environment as if it is something different from us, but we are the environment. The non-human elements are our environment, but we are the environment of non-human elements, so we are one with the environment. We are the environment."

John Stanley and David Loy are part of the Ecobuddhism Project.

 
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The intuitive mind is a sacred gift, and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a world that honors the servant, but has forgotten the gift. --Albert Einstein Except in the light of...
The intuitive mind is a sacred gift, and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a world that honors the servant, but has forgotten the gift. --Albert Einstein Except in the light of...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
greenlass
12:19 PM on 07/01/2012
Another good book on this very exciting research and new information is Buddha's Brain.
03:54 PM on 05/20/2012
This "we are our environment" and "we are each other" applies to the art class I teach, Art as Poetry in Tryon NC. If only I could find the words that reach individual students (each is so different) and suss out that part of us that connects with the things we see.
10:31 PM on 05/15/2012
Maybe the schools should integrate a government approved meditation program into the curriculum.
This article brings up some very important world truths.
04:17 PM on 05/16/2012
I think that's a great idea!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gemsviathailand
Namaste - Have a nice day!
11:03 PM on 05/14/2012
Ok! I’m a bit testy this morning - might have been better not to read previous comments first. Just before, I was practicing relaxing and considering my options: meditate or get back into the fray of cyberspace.

I found your efforts and inclinations for amelioration to be a probable boon to any who where looking for what could add to their environment. I chose to extract excerpts, run the URL through Bitly shortener, post via Twitter and into my Gems via Thailand Page. I, also, forwarded the content to my FB timeline.

I’m a lay person in this field, but I am none-the-less warmed by the light that emanates here. I have absolutely no idea why bizarre theories of neuroscience inspire me. It could be an influence from forty years of mediation. It could simply be because I have a neurotic relationship to the concept of amelioration. It is not important why; only to … do what one can, feels like needs being done, and hope to make it out of the valley of death; to paraphrase Tennyson.

I blog, although I don’t think I understand that word. I have a page called *Global Perspectives* http://bit.ly/zC7JlE It is an expression of a thought I had - a thought about promoting the sharing of perspectives.

Nobody gets outa here alive; let’s do what we can to smooth the ride.

Sammi - @viasammilaw
11:12 PM on 05/13/2012
Thich Nhat Hanh? Who the heck is that? Is he related to the Dalai Lama or George Bush or something?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gemsviathailand
Namaste - Have a nice day!
10:31 PM on 05/14/2012
Is your Google/Bing broken? Or are you just feeling the need to exercise your futility? Perhaps, do don't feel adequately lazy? Please don't pursue the increasing of your knowledge base, you might break something.

And that my friend would be the antithesis of both the Dalai Lama or Thich Nhat Hanh, but NOT the later person mentioned in your blathering.
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MCope
Just another everyman
02:22 PM on 05/13/2012
Buddhism is a collection of philosophically robust traditions that don't really need to invoke neuroscience to justify themselves. The neuroscience invoked here is 80s left- and right-brain stuff, and neurology has meanwhile moved on.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
06:45 PM on 05/08/2012
Very interesting article. The temperate mind can and should domesticate the emotions and dispositions, with a view toward reason. To distinguish between lust and the rational desire to possess things infers the power of one part of the brain to subject another to boundaries. Reason, I think, has the ability to subject our emotions and dispositions to facts, importance and timing. Otherwise, I think the mind is closed and loses sight on reality when it ignores this process.

Rewriting ourselves: we are always a project (because we are), and a possiblilty ( because we can become different).
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
NYC123
04:34 PM on 05/08/2012
Huff Subscriber's Comment!
Your statement: We (Buddhism) don't believe in a supreme being that is all powerful and judgmental.

My reply!
There is only one God -- the Creator of Heaven and Earth. If you do not believe in Him -- God is false and not real. And Jesus, his only begotten son, our King and Savior, is nuts -- plain and simple. This is why -- yes Buddhism and atheism are one and the same!
05:09 AM on 05/09/2012
so what?
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cuoi
I wish everyone happiness.
07:21 PM on 05/10/2012
Jesus teachings parallel Buddhism writings. Jesus probably learned from Buddhists during his lost years and some think the Essenes were a Buddhist sect. So I guess Jesus was an atheist. And maybe you are but don't know it...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
NYC123
08:21 PM on 05/10/2012
Buddhism..........again "cannot be cornered for a straight answer!"

And to quote Jesus -- when you do not even believe he is the Only Begotten Son of The True One God Yahweh -- is the height of "cannot be cornered!" Lol

Buddhism's is convinced -- "double talk works (their snake oil)."
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gemsviathailand
Namaste - Have a nice day!
11:20 PM on 05/14/2012
Recently, I have been reflecting on similarities in the concepts of "the Christ" and "the Buddha". As I understand it, both titles or ideals or ideas existed long before they were assigned to the person we think of when we hear those terms. Siddhārtha Gautama and Jesus of Nazareth both reached exalted states of consciousness from which they both taught about living lives of value.

Re: The lost years of Jesus. I think there is a better chance that he studied with lineages similar to the ones Siddhārtha was born of. Hinduism or variations of said teachings were quite dominant in the mountain tops. Perhaps a bit of Taoism scaled those peaks also.

I am of the opinion that if one strips away all religiosity and distills spiritual tenets into their lowest common denominator one will find no division only duplicity and multiplication.

Sammi - @viasammilaw or http://gemsviathailand.com
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Robert Gudzikowski
free,natural,harmless,individual
01:55 PM on 05/08/2012
Maybe if one could use both hemispheres equally our rainman would shine!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Pandora1
08:23 AM on 05/08/2012
Stanley and Loy have captured the essence of the bi-cameral mind in lucid prose. In my own studies of brain lateralization I have attempted to show the "co-evolution" of both hemispheres in Intuitive awareness and Cognition, with little success. As a Psychologist I have noticed the overtaking of the empathic, Gestalt and synthetic approach by the rational, analytic and linear one in the field, and have mourned the loss. Thank you for an excellent invitation to a rapprochement between them both.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
06:58 PM on 05/08/2012
I think the "co-evolution of both hemispheres in intuitive awareness and cognition" is: that immaterial relationship called "the mind;" that ability to ask yourself a question, then answer the question, (like: where did I put my keys? Oh!).

Too often "luck" gets credit for what "intuition" affords us. Sometime we just call intuition "a gut feeling."
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Pandora1
03:13 AM on 05/10/2012
Yes, I agree -- thereby minimizing the effects of a highly -evolved cognitive process and relegating it into the random chance category . I also liked the authors' noting that the brain itself changes in response to the mind's enlargement, and I like your example of the ability of the mind to answer its own question to be a wonderful inclusion into its listed attributes!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dr Idris
polymathy is not understanding
01:14 AM on 05/08/2012
For those who post here-esp. the reflexive reductionist positivists ("prove it")see TLS 5/4/12 Evan Thompson's p 13 review of "Buddha's Brain", by Owen Flanagan. The latter an avowed Naturalist, eschews Reincarnation and Karma and co as superstitions, BUT he sees in Buddhism a eudaimonistic ethic on a par with Aristotle's, but perhaps even more useful. In fact he subtitles his book "Buddhism naturalized". The review is basically naturalist, but insists on the fact that we still can't explain consciousness-brain/mind is not an identity. And that perhaps objective mind independent realism has also not been established-and the world and perception not absolutely separate. As for "proof"-Nietzsche pointed out that carrying "proof" in one's back pocket is a sign of bad breeding.
11:37 PM on 05/07/2012
Bom diria eu que estes dois lados se resumem apenas em TAB -Transtorno Afetivo Bibolpar. Quem tem esta doença no aspecto de surto sabe do que falo, a viagem da imaginação de você ser uma outra pessoa que não é você mesmo. Chega-se a pensar que um grande homem que até pode e tem capacidade de mudar o mundo.Tudo com os pensamento e sonhos de Buda Sidarta Gautamma.
11:28 PM on 05/07/2012
Tudo isto me soa como o TAB -- Transtorno Bipolar
A ilusão de ser dois seres de uma forma sem explicação se responde assim TAB.
Transtorno Afetivo de Humor, em muito casos dupla personalidade, imaginação louca de ser outra pessoa.
10:59 PM on 05/07/2012
You can't get a much more authoritative perspective than that of a Harvard educated Brain scientist who documents her own stroke and recovery. For a great read of a first-hand experience of brain hemisphere separation, I highly recommend the bestseller: "My Stroke of Insight: A Brain Scientist's Personal Journey" by Jill Bolte Taylor.

The Amazon brief: On December 10, 1996, Jill Bolte Taylor, a thirty-seven- year-old Harvard-trained brain scientist experienced a massive stroke in the left hemisphere of her brain. As she observed her mind deteriorate to the point that she could not walk, talk, read, write, or recall any of her life-all within four hours-Taylor alternated between the euphoria of the intuitive and kinesthetic right brain, in which she felt a sense of complete well-being and peace, and the logical, sequential left brain, which recognized she was having a stroke and enabled her to seek help before she was completely lost. It would take her eight years to fully recover.

For Taylor, her stroke was a blessing and a revelation. It taught her that by "stepping to the right" of our left brains, we can uncover feelings of well-being that are often sidelined by "brain chatter." Reaching wide audiences through her talk at the Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) conference and her appearance on Oprah's online Soul Series, Taylor provides a valuable recovery guide for those touched by brain injury and an inspiring testimony that inner peace is accessible to anyone.
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10:48 PM on 05/07/2012
the integration and harmonization of the left and right hemispheres can be clouded by the smoke from a doobie negating the communication

;-)
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one1byke
Easy no Man.
07:38 AM on 05/08/2012
or.... or, just the Opposite can happen, eh Billy Cee?

=:o]