New Orleans and Haiti are connected by geography, history, architecture, and family. News of mass devastation and loss of life in the island nation has hit hard in the Crescent City. Almost every hurricane that has hit the Gulf Coast first brought devastation on our neighbors in Haiti. We are linked not just by a shared experience of storms, but also by first-hand understanding of the ways in which oppression based on race, class and gender interacts with these disasters.
Many New Orleanians have roots in Haiti, and their revolution lent inspiration to our city. The 500 enslaved people from the parishes outside New Orleans that participated in the 1811 Rebellion to End Slavery (the largest armed uprising against slavery in the US) were directly inspired the Haitian revolution. Even much of our housing design -- such as the Creole cottage and shotgun house -- came here via Haiti.
As historian Carl A. Brasseaux has noted, "During a six-month period in 1809, approximately 10,000 refugees from Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) arrived at New Orleans, doubling the Crescent City's population...The vast majority of these refugees established themselves permanently in the Crescent City. [They] had a profound impact upon New Orleans' development. Refugees established the state's first newspaper and introduced opera into the Crescent City. They also appear to have played a role in the development of Creole cuisine and the perpetuation of voodoo practices in the New Orleans area."
After Katrina, Haitian American writer Edwidge Danticat said New Orleans looked more like Haiti than the US. "It's hard for those of us who are from places like Freetown or Port-au-Prince not to wonder why the so-called developed world needs so desperately to distance itself from us, especially at a time when an unimaginable tragedy shows exactly how much alike we are," Danticat said. "We do share a planet that is gradually being warmed by mismanagement, unbalanced exploration, and dismal environmental policies that might one day render us all, First World and Third World residents alike, helpless to more disasters like Hurricane Katrina."
In the days after Katrina, there was no rescue plan for the thousands of people trapped in Orleans Parish Prison, most of whom had not been convicted of any crime, the majority held for nonviolent offenses that ranged from drug violations to traffic tickets. In Port Au Prince, nearly 4,500 Haitians held in a prison built for 800 had the walls fall around them. Many died while others managed to escape. And the corporate media used the fact that these prisoners had freed themselves as an excuse to sow fear against the earthquake victims.
Now, just as after Katrina, the media is eager to demonize and criminalize the victims as "looters." Pat Robertson has even added a new twist to this old libel, accusing the people of Haiti of literally making a deal with Satan.
New Orleans' education, health care, and criminal justice systems were already in crisis before Katrina. In Haiti, two hundred years of crippling debt imposed by France, the US and other colonial powers drained the country's financial resources. Military occupation and presidential coups coordinated and funded by the US have devastated the nation's government infrastructure.
Haitian poet and human rights lawyer Ezili Dantò has written, "Haiti's poverty began with a US/Euro trade embargo after its independence, continued with the Independence Debt to France and ecclesiastical and financial colonialism. Moreover, in more recent times, the uses of U.S. foreign aid, as administered through USAID in Haiti, basically serves to fuel conflicts and covertly promote U.S. corporate interests to the detriment of democracy and Haitian health, liberty, sovereignty, social justice and political freedoms. USAID projects have been at the frontlines of orchestrating undemocratic behavior, bringing underdevelopment, coup d'état, impunity of the Haitian Oligarchy, indefinite incarceration of dissenters, and destroying Haiti's food sovereignty, essentially promoting famine."
Author Naomi Klein reported that within 24 hours of the earthquake, the influential right-wing think tank the Heritage Foundation was already seeking to use the disaster as an attempt at further privatization of the country's economy. The Heritage Foundation released similar recommendations in the days after Katrina, calling for "solutions" such as school vouchers.
Our Katrina experience has taught us to be suspicious of the Red Cross and other large and bureaucratic aid agencies that function without and means of community accountability. In New Orleans, we've seen literally tens of billions of dollars in aid pledged in the years since Katrina, but only a small fraction of that has made it to those most in need.
A recent statement signed by six human rights organizations brings these concerns to the discussion of Haiti relief. "There is no doubt that Haiti's hungry, thirsty, injured, and sick urgently need all the assistance the international community can provide, but it is critical that the underlying goal of improving human rights drives the distribution of every dollar of aid given to Haiti," said Loune Viaud, Director of Strategic Planning and Operations at Partners in Health/Zanmi Lasante, one of the drafters of the letter. "The only way to avoid escalation of this crisis is for international aid to take a long-term view and strive to rebuild a stronger Haiti -- one that includes a government that can ensure the basic human rights of all Haitians and a nation that is empowered to demand those rights."
INCITE! Women Of Color Against Violence and other feminist organizations brought attention to the way that disaster in gendered, noting that women were especially victimized by Katrina and it's aftermath. An organization called the Gender and Disaster Network released six principles for engendered relief and reconstruction, stating, "Gender analysis is not optional or divisive but imperative to direct aid and plan for full and equitable recovery. Nothing in disaster work is 'gender neutral.'" INCITE activists forwarded a list of Women-run organizations in Haiti, encouraging activists to support relief that focuses on those hardest hit by this disaster.
The final lesson from New Orleans is this: Haiti will still be in crisis long after all of the news cameras have left. As concerned family and friends of Haiti, New Orleanians have pledged to stay involved and not forget about the continuing needs of rebuilding and recovery. We share a common history, and we will work for a shared future of justice and liberation.
NO could be turning around. We can hope.
We can hope that perhaps a new day will dawn for Haiti too.
I also remember the last time the Marines went into Haiti to “save” the population. I’m sorry that these people of African heritage end up as such dregs, but there must be a reason beyond the thought that the “evil white people” keep them down. I don’t know what the answer to Haiti’s problems are beyond this mess, and I am donating a day of income from my business for their relief, but we must not make them dependent on America’s charity like the people of NO.
Here and now, I think dwelling on it in Ugly American History Studies 101 is counterproductive. Instead of sitting on one's hands and sunbathing in a golden fog of self righteousness, it is time to have a 21st Century Marshall Plan for Haiti. As the record shows that past generations of Americans broke Haiti, nature's loud and clear wake up call has arrived for the present one to fix it.
Be well. Do good. Stay happy!
New Orleans, also hidden and ignored by their own Mayor and Governor. It wasn't Bush's job to watch each and every city in the US. I believe that responsibility falls on the State leaders. Both of whom are Dems. Says a lot about the Dem party, caring about the poor.
The percentages of every dollar spent should be 80/20 to people, 20% for administrative....Still has not gotten a report or guess ta mate of the ratio of the katrina money, 911 money??
However, I didn't see the reminder that much of the U.S. might now belong to France if those enslaved freedom fighters had not won the war against France. A defeated Napoleon offered the Louisiana purchase to the U.S. for a ridiculously low price.