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Jordan Zakarin

Jordan Zakarin

Posted: February 17, 2011 05:19 PM

A mouse, a castle, an unmatchable worldwide empire that bears his name. But in a trick that would dismay today's endless army of personal branding experts, the man himself is often an afterthought at the very mention of his name. Where have you gone, Walt Disney? And did we ever really know you?

And if not, why not?

"Part of it is because he was such a usual person. It's unusual that a head of a company is so intimately involved in every aspect," Jean-Pierre Isbouts, co-producer, co-writer (with Richard and Katherine Greene) and director of the documentary Walt: The Man Behind The Myth told me. And because Disney was such a private man, all we knew was his work -- which, because it was so world changing, led us to fill in the blanks.

"Walt was a person who had that magic touch, could tell what would be entertainment, what wouldn't be entertainment," Isbouts said. "For outsiders, it's difficult to understand because it goes against the traditional role about the American senior executives -- look at the myths around Steve Jobs, people are mystified by executive/artist-creator."

While there have been a few documentary-style attempts to probe the depths of a deeply mysterious man, Isbouts' 2001 documentary is the most exhaustive. Through full access to Disney's personal archives, and interviews with his friends, family, employees and even business enemies, Isbouts' bio-doc looked at, among other things, the myths about the man that had taken root since his death in 1966.

And for a man who painted legends and tales, there were plenty of myths -- and not all of them were the stuff of The Happiest Place on Earth.

Seeking out those closest to Disney, from friends and family to co-workers and even those who were no fans of Walt, Isbouts puts together a story of a complicated man -- and one that, in a country of celebrity and hero worship, closely guarded his privacy. His studio, Isbouts said, was his sanctum, though he wasn't always the best roommate.

Walt was an FBI informant, they say, crushing workers with an iron fist. He was a fire-breathing boss that worked his artists to the bone for little pay, others allege. Isbouts doesn't totally refute some of that point.

"He was definitely a workhorse, a taskmaster," the documentarian acknowledged. But the rumors that came from unsatisfied, striking workers -- the staff was split on the picket lines, and Isbouts interviewed both strikers -- their aggressive leaders -- and more loyal picket crossers. Before the time of accepted workers' rights, Disney sometimes struggled with the idea of collective bargaining, and his stern approach backfired.

There were other, nastier rumors, too.

Long whispered and finally put to paper in Marc Eliot's 1993 biography, the allegation of anti-Semitism beleaguered Disney. Isbouts interviewed close Disney friend and artist, Joe Grant, along with legendary songwriter Richard Sherman (most famous for Mary Poppins) and both, along with black artist Floyd Sherman, vigorously denied charges that he was in any way a bigot.

"Some things, we had to warm them up to talk about, but on that, they were very animated," Isbouts recalled. When I asked whether the interviewees might have felt pressure to say that, the documentarian stressed his independence from the Disney corporation.

As for the rumor that Disney is frozen, ready to be brought back to life when there's a cure for cancer? "I didn't even bother with that," he says.

But perhaps it fits Disney's mysterious legacy, a mysterious creator frozen in time. But why frozen? Why don't we seek to thaw him out, but leave a dedicated few to chip away?

Perhaps after years of giving us stories, Disney's become a story himself, a greater narrative for Americans. Like wishing upon a star meant giving hope, believing these things about Disney means feeling better about ourselves. That using him for our own purposes, to bring him down to a point where we feel superior, that's what we need.

After all, America has a way of giving its heroes a final, distorted role. See: intellectual, populists Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson now re-appropriated for a decidedly anti-populist Tea Party. Or Marilyn Monroe as Goddess or Ronald Reagan as trailblazing Communism-crusher or JD Salinger the old crazy man. We've revived them all to fit narratives that comfort us or serve our purposes, so we can understand or at least feel better about ourselves.

Maybe because fairy tales promised to us don't often come true, or because we couldn't even begin to be the knights in shining armor required, we choose to believe the distortions.

Isbouts' newest project, a documentary called "Operation Valkyrie: The Stauffenberg Plot to Kill Hitler," is available on DVD.

 
 
 
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lionzion
02:55 AM on 02/18/2011
Um, Walt Disney took all of the stories from African folklore and made it his own. There is nothing original about Cinderella, Snow White, and other countless tales taken from African folklore. Look it up!
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farmerlady
Blonde, Democratic socialist, and unwilling expat
05:26 AM on 02/18/2011
Cinderella and Snow White are European fairy tales dating back to medieval times and first collected by the Brothers Grimm. I'm sure they have their African counterparts--these stories tend to follow a similar arc.
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sabelmouse
my micro bio is emty
08:27 AM on 02/18/2011
and messed them up good.
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
06:23 PM on 02/18/2011
lionzion, Walt Disney wouldn't know African folklore if it bit him in the behind. First off, Cinderlla and Snow White and Pinocchio were all European fairy tales. Walt never said nor implied that he invented these stories. Peter Pan, Alice in Wonderland, and all the Pooh movies are adaptations of British books, as is MARY POPPINS. Few and far between are the Disney features that are not adaptations of existing works, and known to be so by anyone with a better-than-second grade education. Whether they are good adaptations or not is a matter of individual tastes.

Look up the word "arcehtype". Similar stories and archetypes are found in all cultures. The idea that Disney was raiding "African folklore" is absurd on the face of it.
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06:13 PM on 02/22/2011
Good job, Tallulah! Your explanation is right on the money!
01:17 AM on 02/18/2011
What is this? Jr. High school. Yikes! Nice article, but it is filled with grammer errors. People are nouns and when you write about them you use the word "who" not "that". The errors are too numerous to mention.
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justlw
Nehemiah Scudder 2012: Now More Than Ever
03:00 AM on 02/18/2011
What makes a given error more gram than others? Can there be errors that are superlatively gram?
07:39 AM on 02/18/2011
Yes, we really have to watch our "grammer." The word is "grammar" and proper use here would be "grammatical." Nice try.
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12:56 AM on 02/18/2011
Today's Disney is a MASSIVELY dysfunctional corporation notorious in the industry for a toxic blend of utter cluelessness, abuse of talent, and active disdain of real creativity.

If it weren't for the prodigious revenue stream from the theme parks (obviously developed long before the last several executive administrations) the empire would have dried up and blown away long ago.

It is not for no reason the entire enterprise is known as "mousewitz" in the industry.

Trust me - I know whereof what I speak...
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signgrrl
typeface geek
10:57 AM on 02/18/2011
i do know - my sister worked at the Contemporary Hotel in the late 70s - early 80s. very controlling, down to what earrings one could wear in a non-customer contact position. any fruits not "worthy" of being included in a fruit basket had to be discarded - couldn't be given to charity, or, god forbid, have an employee take it home. etc, etc. . . .
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c-tom
Badges we don't need no stinking badges
12:36 AM on 02/18/2011
For what it's worth, Ub Iwerks created Mickey Mouse. Maybe we know so little about Walt because we're usually less interested in the suits than in the talent.
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
06:11 PM on 02/18/2011
Ub created how Mickey LOOKS. Walt conceived the character. And who says "we know so little about Walt"? I've studied him all my life, read five different book-length biographies, and met him twice. I know plenty about him, as do many, many other people. Walt was both a suit and a talent. I think of him as a lot like Charles Foster Kane, only Walt opened Xanadu to the public.
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c-tom
Badges we don't need no stinking badges
02:56 AM on 02/19/2011
The gist of the article was that most people (that's the we in my sentence, most people and I) know little about him. I never met him but saw him on his TV show. He came off as a boring Ed Sullivan. I liked the shows, Scrooge McDuck comics, and enjoyed Disney Land but never considered liking or disliking him. And never thought about if he had a creative part in making the those things I enjoyed.

And it is always difficult for me to reconcile one who seems to be a typical Republican with being a creative artist. If someone doesn't fit my stereotypes I have a tendency to shoehorn them into an image that does. Which on second reading is also what this article is about.
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Msquad99
Space is a vacuum because earth sucks.
12:19 AM on 02/18/2011
I live in Burbank very near Disney. I have worked for Disney as a sub contractor many times over a 30 year period of time. I have worked for Hubie Iwerks, former Disney confidant. I will volunteer this much. Separate the man from the company. They are two different and distinct entities. Neither is perfect, both flawed. Both very American and emblematic of things American. All successful, Walt, Disney Company and America. One is dead, one thrives, one is in steep decline.
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Rudderman
Warren for Senate.
12:12 AM on 02/18/2011
For a further look at Disney, check out the 2008 documentary about his trip with 16 studio artists to South America in 1941 titled, "Walt and El Grupo". It covers the strike as well as the trip suggested by FDR. The film leaves no doubt about WD's absolute love of creativity and artistic talent. I will forever be a fan.
06:14 AM on 02/18/2011
I'd also recommend Neil Gabler's recent biography of Disney. An excellent book.
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Tallulah Morehead
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06:07 PM on 02/18/2011
"Walt & El Grupo" was fascinating, though it didn't exactly "cover" the strike, but rather just mentions it some as it pertained to the film's topic. Of that strike, the story is a deep one, and well-told in Gabler's book. But yes, that documentary is terrific, as is "Waking Sleepng Beauty."
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
12:10 AM on 02/18/2011
At the heart of it, I think we want to believe that the source of the movies we take our children to see is pure.

Else, the movies themselves are tainted.
11:57 PM on 02/17/2011
Many years ago, I worked for the brother of a pilot that often had the JFK detail.  He told me that on one occasion he said JFK and Jackie got into such a quarrel he nearly threw her out of the helicopter.  I was 18 when I was told that story, and frankly it bothered me because I preferred to think of them as the Camelot couple. 

All grownups back in the day, were stern and rather unforgiving.  They weren't soft around the edges like many adults today have become.  They were born when things were more harsh and reality a bit bleak.   Walt just had an empire to lord over, and thus many more people that saw that side of him.
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firstcougar1
Not what you think . . .
12:14 AM on 02/18/2011
Why repeat something about dead people who cannot defend themselves when you have no proof to back it up. Not cool.
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farmerlady
Blonde, Democratic socialist, and unwilling expat
05:30 AM on 02/18/2011
I don't know who was in the right in that quarrel, but I always admired Jackie for being strong and it sounds like she wasn't afraid to stand up for herself.
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RButler
"Who wouldn't love a person who had a pony?"
10:28 PM on 02/17/2011
I liked his attention to detail.  The first time I visited Disneyland, I noticed how even out-of-the-way parts of the place, around corners of buildings, everything was finished and complete.  And it was of quality materials, even more so in Disneyworld. 
 
And it was kept so clean despite zillions of visitors.  But, that all goes back to Walt's cartoons which were remarkable for their quality and fluid motion. 
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
05:54 PM on 02/18/2011
What has the "quality and fluid motion" of Disney's cartoons to do with Walt's obssession to keep Disneyland spotless? One is a devotion to a particular style of animation, the other is a mild form of OCD. But yes, extreme attention to detail was a hallmark of Walt in every professional project he was ever involved with. He was always a detail man.
08:11 PM on 02/18/2011
That's probably because it was his baby, not some product to be milked.
09:36 PM on 02/17/2011
Who cares? I rode space mountain 5 times last vist to the world....awesome!
05:17 AM on 02/18/2011
And you may have made the most cogent comment of all. My Grandkids dont give a hoot about any of this when they walk wide eyed all day in Disney World.
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signgrrl
typeface geek
01:34 PM on 02/18/2011
oh, to be eating my way thru Epcot's world showcase . . . breakfast in england, lunch in china, dinner in france. went there last in august 2001 - my last real vacation.
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LMPE
I connect the most dissimilar things
09:20 PM on 02/17/2011
I always liked the Looney Tunes better than any of the Disney stuff.
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RButler
"Who wouldn't love a person who had a pony?"
10:22 PM on 02/17/2011
Same here, even as a kid I liked the adult humor in Looney Tunes. 
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Americulchie
01:09 AM on 02/18/2011
Me too;you're both fanned;we natural subversives have to stick together...
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
05:51 PM on 02/18/2011
So you liked the Looney Tunes better than 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA, or FANTASIA, or MARY POPPINS? I generally enjoy a good Bugs Bunny more than a Mickey Mouse too, but to declare Looney Tunes better than Disney's entire output is sily.
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LMPE
I connect the most dissimilar things
08:34 PM on 02/18/2011
"Fantasia" was certainly worth seeing, but I watched "Mary Poppins" only so that I could heckle it a la "Mystery Science Theater 3000". "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" I've never seen.
08:06 PM on 02/17/2011
Read a book called The Disney Version by Richard Schickel.

He was a real tyrant, among other things.
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
05:47 PM on 02/18/2011
Shickel's book was groundbraking and fascinating, but Gabler's book is fairer, truer,and vastly more detailed. He was indeed a tyrant at times, but not always. The idea that negative comments on Walt as a boss only come from "disgruntled ex-employees" like Art Babbit is, well, wrong. Nor were the strikers (who NEEDED that strike) the only employees to suffer under Walt's whims. Take for instance the firing of the great Ward Kimball in the early 1060s because he asked to direct BABES IN TOYLAND. Ward, who thought he was a close friend of Walt's, was forced to crawl and beg to get rehired, and never again had the prominence he at the studio before.

Not to mention the enormous pressure Walt put on his employees to register and vote Republican. Liberals and Democrats had to keep a LOW profile around Walt.
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M Jeffrey
11:34 AM on 02/19/2011
That in itself is enough for me to maybe like his work but not the man.
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
05:48 PM on 02/18/2011
My sloppy fingers. WardKimball was briefly fired in the early 1960s, not the early 1060s. And "groundbreaking" has an e in it. Oops.
garystartswithg
el sueno de la razon produce republicans
07:40 PM on 02/17/2011
I used to live in Orlando and know people that have worked for Disney for 30-40 yrs. Anyone that worked under Disney himself should try comparing notes with people that worked under Eisner or Iger.
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
06:29 PM on 02/17/2011
I enjoyed Isbouts' documentary very much, and bought it when it first came out on DVD, but for a really in-depth examination of Disney's life, the best is Neal Gabler's biography of Walt.

He traces the anit-Semitism rumors to confusion with Ben Sharpsteen, one of Disney's top producers, and a raving Jew-hater who would not knowlingly hire a Jew for any job. It didn't help any when Disney flooded our home TV screens in the 1950s with Nazi scientists teaching us science. Somehow "He enabled Hitler to rain Death on London" was omitted from Werner Von Braun's introduction on the show, nor was it mentioned that if Hans Haber had been a bit better nuclear scientist, Hitler could have nuked us all off the planet. Forgiving and employing Nazis was not the way to counter anti-Semitsm rumors.

Disney was a complex man, filled with deep contradictions. I love him and I loathe him, not unlike my relationship with my mother, but I've never forgotten seeing him in person with my own eyes at Disneyland, on May 30, 1956.
05:22 AM on 02/18/2011
You are way way too old to have not resolved your emotional conflicts with your Mother. Get over it.
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Tallulah Morehead
Award-Eligible Film Legend
05:42 PM on 02/18/2011
There's only one way to finally resolve all one's parental conflicts, die. Do you have a psychciatric practice next Lucy Van Pelt's? Because "Get over it" is advice worth at least two cents out of that nickel she always charged. Well, one cent maybe.