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Joseph Lowndes

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Why Are GOP Contenders Reviving Racist Rhetoric?

Posted: 01/16/12 02:26 PM ET

As Gary Younge points out in this week's Nation, racism in GOP campaign rhetoric has returned with a pungency we haven't seen for decades. In Iowa two weeks ago Rick Santorum stated that he didn't "want to make black people's lives better by giving them somebody else's money; I want to give them the opportunity to go out and earn the money." Soon after, Gingrich one-upped him on the trail in New Hampshire by declaring his bold intention to "go to the NAACP convention and explain to the African-American community why they should demand paychecks... [instead of] food stamps."

Far from having advanced toward a postracial society, we appear to be heading back to what we might call the era of high racism in the Republican Party -- the time period, say, from Goldwater to Atwater. In recent decades prominent Republicans sought to distance themselves from the racial legacy of the party. As historian Gary Gerstle has shown, George W. Bush was personally committed to his own vision of multiculturalism and racial reconciliation, and Republican National Committee Chair Ken Mehlman apologized to the NAACP for the very Southern Strategy that brought conservatives to national power. Condi Rice meanwhile sought to justify the Iraq War by associating it with the American Civil Rights Movement.To be sure the policies pursued by Republicans (and Democrats as well) in the last two decades have been disastrous for Black and Latino communities, but race was deployed less openly as a political identification than it had for Republicans in prior decades.

Why then are national Republicans returning to overt racial demonization on the campaign trail in 2012? In the context of the Great Recession, Republican contenders have a tough time peddling the salutary effects of the free market. With Americans across demographic categories suffering its results, optimistic appeals to the promise of social mobility fall on increasingly deaf ears. Arguments in favor of Republican-inspired policies require extra force -- a potent narrative that depicts choices starkly between freedom and submission. In this context, the battle has been defined as the state versus the market, with the state associated with a black president depicted as dangerous socialist. The extraordinarily pro-Wall Street sympathies of Obama matter little here, because the narrative is emplotted through familiar themes that have been rearranged and enhanced.

In the 1960s, '70s, and '80s, conservative rhetoric consistently depicted an unholy alliance of invasive state elites above and criminal, parasitic blacks below against a virtuous middle of hardworking white Americans. This was the language of Goldwaterites, of Nixon, and of Reagan. As a black Democratic president Obama represents both of these poles- - a nightmare of the modern Right imaginary that has played a major part in the emergence of the Tea Party. As I have argued elsewhere, the last significant instance of the Right's deployment of a menacing black face for political purposes was Lee Atwater's use of convicted rapist "Willie" Horton. There as here, blackness was linked to criminality to discredit a Democratic opponent. The difference is that in the 1988 Bush campaign "liberalism" was meant to evoke fears of a white president, unleashing black criminals on a vulnerable nation. For the contemporary Right, "socialism" is meant to evoke fears of a black president unleashing a criminal state on a vulnerable nation. In the former, the state enabled unchecked black aggression, whereas in the latter blackness enables unchecked state aggression.

Republican contenders realize that they have little to gain in attempting to appeal to either black or racially moderate white voters. As political scientists Michael Tesler and David O. Sears demonstrated in their book Obama's Race, the 2008 election more severely polarized the electorate in terms of racial attitudes than any presidential election on record. And as GOP strategists well know, this polarization has only intensified in the intervening years. Republican campaigns, cognizant of the white racial unease to be harvested among GOP caucus and primary voters, and requiring greater justification for their antiregulatory, anti-tax, and anti-spending policies, will continue to avail themselves of a rhetoric that racializes poverty and ties it to the specter of a menacing state.

 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DC Broughton
he who controls food, controls the world
10:04 AM on 01/21/2012
duh.
11:07 AM on 01/18/2012
i guess Gingrich has never been to the Appalachia region, where the choices are either work in a dangerous coal mine that has paid off the government to get lax regulations, cook meth or collect foodstamps, oh and btw, the overwhelming majority of those affected are poor and WHITE

i lost a lot of respect for Juan Williams after his NPR controversy, but props to JW for hitting the Grinch right back for this shameful display of dog whistle politics, and people tend to forget that Newt is from the "willie horton" era
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jezreel
Think. Act. Live wisely.
03:44 AM on 01/17/2012
Excellent article. Very informative. Thanks for sharing your insights, Professor Lowndes.
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11:13 PM on 01/16/2012
No, dude, it's because the president is black. This is the angriest Republican base in decades, They're angry because they hate the president, and they hate the president because he's the president and he's black.

To win the primary, the wannabees are appealing to these furious voters by reflecting and amplifying that rage back at them*. Because most of their rage is at its heart about race, the wannabees are uttering the thinnest of coded racial appeals. They're rilin' up the tribe.

*It's tradition!
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french queen13
my beloved is mine and I am his
07:55 PM on 01/16/2012
They're appealing to the constituency they feel most at home with - racist, sexist, homophobic.
08:46 PM on 01/16/2012
Entertain reality as a concept.
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LMPE
I connect the most dissimilar things
07:30 PM on 01/16/2012
Another example of using race in a political ad was Jesse Helms's infamous "White Hands" ad.
11:09 AM on 01/18/2012
Newt is from the "Willie Horton" era , when this ploy was socially acceptable, and although i am not a fan of the GOP, its refreshing to see that his competitors have not sunk to this despicable dog whistle politics strategy
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07:17 PM on 01/16/2012
For one, it is all that they have. Secondly, it has not always worked?
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Robert Masters
To take my property is to take my means to live
07:15 PM on 01/16/2012
The writer says: "In the context of the Great Recession, Republican contenders have a tough time peddling the salutary effects of the free market"

A regulated market is not a free market. A regulated market is a market where the politicians create winners/crony's and losers/all others. When a regulated market fails as ours did in 2008 then the politicians and their sychophants call for more regulation.

It's all rather insane behavior if you ask me; unless what you really want is power.
09:30 PM on 01/16/2012
I can only speak for me and my circles for fact, but on that basis I know that as Conservatives, we want everyone to do well in life, we don't want to hold anyone back from success. I believe that is why the Liberals try so hard to paint all Conservatives as racists. The people doing the most wrong always try to get people to look at someone else.

Liberals want to pick the winners and losers based on "their" view of merit. Now this does not mean they help minorities though. The company getting the most Government help in America is GE, and the group getting the most help from this Administration is the UAW, neither can be considered a minority interest.
06:51 PM on 01/16/2012
Thank you. I think you have it partly right. But,but it is far more complex.

My view of the GOP is an unholy alliance of the white blue collar and the business/corporate interests. The corporate core of the GOP and its goals are obvious. The fears of the white voters are more complex than just racism. I doubt most of them consider themselves racist. They see themselves defending an onslaught of federal laws that endangers their entitlements. Those entitlements include a permanent job, a pension, an appreciation of their Christian values, a political and economic advantage for being white, a pride in not being on the public dole. They are likely to see SS and Medicare as something they paid for and are entitled to. The explosions of IT and globalization have diminished their entitlements. Secularization, and its constitutional defense is especially threatening. Add to that, immigration reform, defense of women’s rights, and legitimization of “sodomy”, plus a black president.

The establishment GOP entitlements are also under attack. Financial regulation, environmental regulation, responsibility for worker’s pensions and health care, laws restricting their ability to hide profits overseas, all negatively affect their bottom line.

The call for smaller federal oversight at all levels becomes a powder keg. It exploded in 2008. I hope the GOP and the Dems can define the real choices. Then America can decide what we want to be. I am not so sure that will happen. These issues are more emotional than logical.
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Jezreel
Think. Act. Live wisely.
03:48 AM on 01/17/2012
Great post, Bob and very thought provoking.
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Mas
Blame has no expiration date
06:06 PM on 01/16/2012
They are allowed the room because African American that are conservative, republican or tea party does not challenge the party and what it really believes in. They want to be included in the party and are willing to overlook incident after incident. Those African Americans repeatedly state what ever the incident they do not view it as unacceptable. Until they insist a change within, the GOP will continue unabated.
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marignymitch
E pluribus unum percent
05:54 PM on 01/16/2012
GOP mocks the memory of MLK with voter suppression.
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mtnlife96
No apology
05:49 PM on 01/16/2012
The RTB candidates are pandering to those among us who, despite how they attempt to explain their intense dislike of the POTUS, are angry that a black man occupies the White House. In reality, these same politicians pander with stories of welfare queens, hoards of illegal immigrants, a war on Christianity, tales of women who receive multiple abortions at the public's expense and, illusions to the "fact" that all public employees (including our Military) are lazy, incompetent and overpaid. Hopefully, in the end the conclusion of the majority of the electorate will be that candidates capable of using these tactics are absolutely unworthy of office.
05:06 PM on 01/16/2012
You hit the nail on the head "Republican contenders realize that they have little to gain in attempting to appeal to either black or racially moderate white voters"

I believe the Tea Party(who 1- suddenly became concerned with spending under a black President, and started a movement before he had time to implement any of his policies 2- was perfectly fine with Bush's squandering of our balanced budgets, and 3- who seem to idolize the guy who introduced deficit spending to begin with (Reagan)) helped push the GOP firmly back into full Southern Strategy mode.

http://www.obamaftw.com/blog/republican-party-racism/republican-tea-party-racism
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05:00 PM on 01/16/2012
Thank you for your well reasoned article, Joseph.

Wing Commander Gibson would surely blush at the boldness of today's Once-Grand, Old Party.

Guy's dog, on the other hand, may be inclined to either bite or "hump" today's remaining Republican Presidential contenders, since they behave as female dogs....

BTW, as food for thought, it may be that much of the denial of science in the GOP is the direct, proximal result of the recent seminal findings (or betrayal, as some have voiced) by UC Santa Cruz, Harvard, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft - regarding the other, much older "N-word".
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Ralph Boyd
Look, . . right behind you!
03:48 PM on 01/16/2012
Because they can't run on their merits they can only run against "The Black Man".
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04:11 PM on 01/16/2012
Amen.
tavote08
IN IT TO WIN IT... 1 4 ALL N ALL 4 1
11:08 PM on 01/16/2012
And they will lose and lose BIG!!!