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Judge H. Lee Sarokin

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Trayvon Martin Could Have Lawfully Killed George Zimmerman in Self-Defense Under Florida Law

Posted: 03/29/2012 2:44 pm

Based upon the undisputed facts in this case and this crazy Florida statute, if Trayvon Martin had a gun, he could have lawfully shot and killed George Zimmerman. If he could have shot him, he certainly could have punched him in the nose, knocked him down and beaten him in his own self-defense. These are the undisputed facts which I believe warrant that conclusion: Trayvon was engaged in legal and permissible activity. He was carrying a phone, candy and a drink and headed for a specific destination. He was speaking on his cellphone with his girlfriend. No objective or reasonable basis existed to suspect him of any illegal or wrongful activity, except possibly "walking while black." Mr. Zimmerman, nonetheless, became suspicious and reported the "suspicious" activity to the 911 dispatcher.

The dispatcher specifically instructed Mr. Zimmerman not to follow Trayvon, but he ignored that instruction. Trayvon advised his girlfriend that someone was following him. When he began to run away from Mr. Zimmerman, Zimmerman can be heard running after him on the tape. He says something to the effect that "these a**holes always get away."

So at this point there is no dispute as to what is occurring -- Trayvon is trying to get away from Zimmerman and Zimmerman, despite the instruction of the 911 dispatcher, is chasing him. So here we have a young boy who has done nothing wrong running in fear, being chased by a large man, not in uniform, who has not identified himself in any way. We do not know whether or not Trayvon saw Zimmerman's gun, but if he did that would certainly make the conditions that much more fearful for him. I suggest that if at that moment Trayvon had a gun, he could have turned "stood his ground" and fired at Mr. Zimmerman, because under the statute: "a person is justified in the use of deadly force and does not have to retreat if he believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself." Force, other than deadly force, such as punching someone, is allowed when the person reasonably believes it is necessary for self-defense "against another's "imminent use of unlawful force."

What has been totally ignored in this discussion is the statutory provision regarding "aggressors," which Zimmerman clearly was. None of this would have happened if he had followed the dispatcher's instructions and not chased after Trayvon. Under the Florida statute the defense of justification "is not available to a person who initially provokes the use of force against him," unless the initial aggressor clearly retreats or withdraws and the assailant continues nonetheless. Can there be any doubt as to who provoked this chain of events? Zimmerman claims (through the police) that Trayvon hit him and was beating him. Witness accounts differ and a police video fails to show any injuries, but that claim, even if true, is hardly dispositive.

How could the police possibly conclude that there was no evidence to rebut Zimmerman's claim of self-defense in the face of these undisputed facts? It may well be that Trayvon was beating Zimmerman because Trayvon was in fear for his own life. Is there any evidence that Trayvon would have attacked Zimmerman but for Zimmerman's conduct? I concede that there is a factual dispute as to whether (as Zimmerman claims), Trayvon attacked him after Zimmerman had turned away and was heading back to his vehicle. But that suspect contention has to be weighed against the undisputed facts that Trayvon did not attack Zimmerman when he was chasing him, but supposedly followed him back to his vehicle and suddenly attacked him when he withdrew. When Zimmerman first displayed his weapon is also critical but unknown at this juncture. Those final moments may be in dispute, but nothing leading up to it is. In essence, Zimmerman and apparently the police claim that the self-defense available to him under the statute is not available to Trayvon, although Zimmerman was clearly the initial aggressor. Mr. Zimmerman is entitled to the presumption of innocence and the opportunity to be heard, but he is not entitled to be exonerated without charges and whatever further process is warranted following those charges.

Finally there is the question of whether or not Zimmerman issued a racial slur. That is in dispute, but no one can look at this tragedy without wondering what part race played in Mr. Zimmerman's suspicions, the investigation by the police and the decision to let Mr. Zimmerman leave without arrest or charges. I know that many resent raising the issue of race, but isn't it fair to ask -- if Trayvon had shot and killed Zimmerman as I posit at the outset -- would the result be the same -- would Trayvon be at home with his family without charges and Zimmerman's body being tested for drugs and alcohol?

 
 
 
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02:26 PM on 04/06/2012
Judge H. Lee Sarokin's account of what the "undisputed" facts were is not even close to what has actually been reported. My guess is that Judge Sarokin gets his news from a very limited number of sources.
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dadw5boys
Disabled Vietnam Vet
02:47 PM on 04/05/2012
According to some people in Fla they are killing people a lot using this law.
and those same people say just fall on the ground and roll around claim you were attacked if you kill someone.
I wanted to but a place in Fla for the kids to go and vaction but I think I will be looking elsewhere.
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JimInHouston
Arma virumque cano...
05:38 PM on 04/05/2012
Don't believe everything you hear. ..and believe almost nothing said by anti-gunners.
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David Carson
12:45 AM on 04/05/2012
Your Honor--the biggest problem I see is that it shifts the burden of proof from the prosecution/plaintiff to the defense
06:33 PM on 04/04/2012
The damning evidence to me is the :
1st, personal testimony of Trayvon's girlfriend who was on the phone, and who says Trayvon told her someone is following me, and SHE told him to run which he eventually did...
2nd factor I think will be the screaming on the 911 tape.
3rd and witness who came out and saw Zimmerman strattled on top of victim.
4th, Zimmerman was in a unmarked car, unmarked clothing, no badge, no authority and therefore could be understandable perceived as a threat to eventual victim
I think those are the most important items.
timber1647
It's either sadness or euphoria
03:57 PM on 04/04/2012
I did not even think about the young man being able to "fire on" Mr. Zimmerman, but would ask if, in Florida, it is legal for a 17 year old to own a firearm, never mind use it. I live here and don't know, but suspect it isn't. Now that doesn't change any of the other points you raised. Mr. Zimmerman should have walked away. He wasn't a police officer. He didn't. I would have liked to have seen a review similar to the ones police officers go through when they're involved in a shooting. Didn't happen in this case.
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iC2fools
03:34 PM on 04/04/2012
Sir, thank you for sharing your experienced knowledge here and your other blogs.
12:59 PM on 04/04/2012
Hell no, he would be in jail awaiting trial for murder!
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dadw5boys
Disabled Vietnam Vet
11:34 AM on 04/04/2012
Judge should Parents now tell their kids to Stop for all Strangers and never run away or resist them ?
It sure seems like anyone with a motive now can make any claim they want after they kill someone.

The Funeral Director's statement is really enough for me. You don't have a fight and hit anyone without getting brusies on your hands. No even one ?
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gypsynomad
I dwell in possibility.
09:37 PM on 04/03/2012
They talk about a big head wound that was cleaned up. Do they realize that skull bleeds like crazy ? Not long ago I fell and hit the side of my skull. Instant gush of blood. Here it was much bigger wound they are claiming . That is an unbelievable claim no swelling of any kind ?
Zimmerman is still free. To answer you the outcome would be totally different if the situation was reversed. Thank you judge.
09:10 AM on 04/03/2012
"The dispatcher specifically instructed Mr. Zimmerman not to follow Trayvon, but he ignored that instruction"

Absolute lie.

Zimmerman stops following Martin 2 seconds after the dispatcher tells him they don't need him to do that

911 dispatcher:

Are you following him? [2:24]

Zimmerman:

Yeah. [2:25]

911 dispatcher:

OK. We don’t need you to do that. [2:26]

Zimmerman:

OK. [2:28]

911 dispatcher:

Alright, sir, what is your name? [2:34]

Zimmerman:

George. He ran.

Then than talk about Zimmermans phone number, address, if he lives there and where he can meet the police when they get there
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dadw5boys
Disabled Vietnam Vet
11:29 AM on 04/04/2012
So exactly how did Zimmerman end up out of his car and then shooting the kid if he stopped when he was told too ??????? He was in his car when he was told they don't need him to follow
09:54 AM on 04/05/2012
On the 911 call you can hear the vehicle door close at 2:17 and Zimmerman start to move and at 2:24 the dispatcher asks if Zimmerman is following the guy
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Patricia Hollister
11:52 PM on 04/01/2012
To Dreamweaver2nd :Last yr I hoped my son's death would get more attention. The Castle Doctrine seemed to not be appropriate to me in his death either. It's a "law " which just seems too allow easy murder. Have a dispute with someone ? If u live in the right areas of this country just call upon this law. If that remains as it is we must make EVERYONE aware of it. So that a 17 yr man will never again unwittingly bring about his own murder by hitting any other young man ( the one with the gun always seems to have awareness of this law.) Trayvon's death MUST be the one to change this badly used law. Please let us not allow Trayvon to have died in vain. My heart breaks for his family. I know how this is forever and encompasses every aspect of daily life. My son was taken from his 12 yr old daughter forever. Even in Trayvon's death, the law MUST be interpreted within the context for which it was written! And beyond that THIS LAW MUST BE CLARIFIED AND LIMITED IN ITS USE!!
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David Carson
12:06 PM on 04/03/2012
being in someone else's home without permission should have consequences
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Patricia Hollister
12:51 AM on 04/04/2012
The permission was implied ; the home being the young woman's home. She was home and did subsequently tell the detectives that my son had a right to be there. The young man who went to get the gun from the woman's car before hiding in a closet did not live there. My son was shot from the closet( a curtain for a door) through which the shooter held the gun pointed the gun at my son and shot him in the neck. There is not definition on whether my son went toward the closet or not. If it had been you? What is reasonable? Reasonable to kill? Don't answer. I can't post anymore or read anymore of these posts. At least give a basic respectful look into each case of homicide, that's all.
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gypsynomad
I dwell in possibility.
09:28 PM on 04/03/2012
So sorry to hear this...RIP to your son.
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Patricia Hollister
12:38 AM on 04/04/2012
Thank you, gypsynomad. I'm ending my commenting on this site because of so many mean things I've read. I wanted my son's story to be out here so it might give people more to think about. I hope Trayvon's family will be able to keep on. Surely their son didn't deserve what happened to him. Blessings to you. Thank you for your kindness.
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kennyd225
Justice will be for Trayvon!
01:55 AM on 04/01/2012
This is to Judge Sarokin: All arguments aside....people contend that 911 dispatch telling Zimmerman that he need not follow Trayvon and Zimmerman following anyway that he was still free to follow Trayvon. I disagree with that. To me it is like on the job you make a unilateral decision even though being advised not to do it would mean there would be a consequence up to and or leading to criminal charges. I strongly feel that Zimmerman took on the responsibility of whatever took place after he crossed that line. I am not saying that Zimmerman is guilty of a crime because I am not a police officer or a judge, but the job I have does have very strict guidelines and my employee would not tolerate me making such a decision whether I was on company time or not and I would at the least lose my job and probably much worse. I am not asking you to agree or disagree (or anyone else for that matter) I am just speaking from a stand point of following advice from the police and what the consequences could be for making a decision that a police officer should be making.
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Dennis Santiago
Asymmetric Provocateur
01:04 AM on 04/01/2012
By the way sir do want to take the time to say that I find your willingness to discuss the matters about which you write most refreshing and inspiring. I shall be taking the lesson into account as go forward with my own blogs. Thank you.
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Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
01:29 PM on 04/01/2012
Dennis -Thank you. That is what I enjoy most about blogging. I love the exchange as long as it remains polite and respectful, and I must say, that I frequently learn from it and change my views as a result. The anger and put-downs make it less enjoyable, but they go with the territory. The only responses that I resent are those that criticize me personally rather than what I said. I particularly find them unwarranted and unfair because most comments come from anonymous sources. I do find that the moderators flag those that become too personal, but many get through and tend to spoil the adventure and the tone of the discussion. So let's hope this will be the beginning of a friend;y exchange between us.
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OdinsEye
Korean-Latino cop and retired military combat vet
05:25 PM on 04/01/2012
"The anger and put-downs make it less enjoyable"

People confuse arguments and altercations and think they are one and the same.
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06:15 PM on 04/01/2012
Judge Sarokin:

Yesterday, I attempted to post former U.S. Attorney Kendall Coffey's statements about the Stand Your Ground statute which he calls a "license to kill" -- I'll try again, this time in reply to one of your posts. Thank you.

From "The Nation":

In those states, as in Florida, the number of so-called “justifiable homicides” is on the rise. Florida Department of Law Enforcement suggests that the number of justifiable homicides in the state have tripled since Jeb Bush signed the “Stand Your Ground” law.

Why? Former US Attorney Kendall Coffey tells NBC, “The ‘Stand Your Ground’ law is a license to kill.”

“The ‘Stand Your Ground’ law has become a huge obstacle to preventing exactly this kind of self-appointed vigilantism—this kind of vigilante justice,” says the veteran federal prosecutor. “It used to be if you shot somebody in quote-unquote ‘self-defense,’ you were protected. But in 2005, Florida decided to become the pioneering state to extend this kind of self-protection to wherever the heck you go…”

Florida, under Jeb Bush, was the pioneer. But, now, thanks to the American Legislative Exchange Council, it is just one of many states that offers gunmen that license to kill.

For more on the investigation of the American Legislative Exchange Council by The Nation and the Center for Media and Democracy, go to “ALEC Exposed.”

http://www.thenation.com/blog/166978/how-alec-took-floridas-license-kill-law-national
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hagagaga
You can't take the sky from me.
12:16 AM on 04/01/2012
The law isn't the problem. The police department is.
11:27 PM on 03/31/2012
I think Judge Sarokin is right that Trayvon Martin could have lawfully killed Zimmerman under Florida's "Stand Your Ground" law. I think he could also have lawfully killed Zimmerman under self-defence laws that require a person to retreat. When Zimmerman caught up to him, Martin and his girlfriend were talking on the phone about how fast he was retreating from Zimmerman. She wanted him to run and Martin said walking fast was enough but he was retreating.

Sadly, Martin didn't have much of a chance to defend himself. He had skittles and Zimmerman had a gun.