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Judith Johnson

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Paying Mind to Selective Attention

Posted: 07/12/10 09:00 AM ET

Did you ever notice how some things really grab your attention but not the attention of others? Or how you edit out the background noise in a bustling restaurant when you want to hear what someone at your table is saying? That's selective attention. Both consciously and unconsciously, we edit our environment and pay attention to some things while ignoring others. With the increasing bombardment of stimuli we deal with each day, this capability becomes more and more important to us to sort out what matters to us and what doesn't. On the other hand, sometimes we edit out very important and useful information.

I thought of this the other day when I saw a chipmunk determined to cross the road. In front of him were four busy lanes of traffic and a huge parking lot. Behind him was an enormous lush field. What was he thinking? What did he imagine was more desirable in the road and parking lot than in the field? I still wonder what happened to that chipmunk.

This got me thinking. How often do I do that to myself? How often do I set my mind on doing, being or having something and ignore all other possibilities that might help me make a more informed decision? Just because I think something, doesn't make it so, nor is it necessarily a good idea.

It's very easy to assume our point of view is a perfect match to reality. Unfortunately, anyone with a different opinion or any conflicting information available to us gets either rejected or ignored because it doesn't fit our picture. This process of selective attention operates both automatically and consciously, but doesn't always serve our best interest -- like the chipmunk above.

Experts in the field of psychology and psychiatry hotly debate the question of how and why we select to pay attention to some things and not others. They also disagree about the degree to which this editing process is conscious. Typically, we filter out what we deem to be unnecessary or unimportant without being aware of the fact that we are exercising this filtering process. As a result, what we think is not necessarily so. It is simply a result of our beliefs, prior experiences, the arousal of our senses and other factors that play a role in our editing function.

Extreme problems with the selective attention function are evident in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who have difficulty focusing their attention, while those with Autism flood their senses by paying attention to too much at once. Then there are the rest of us. Consider, for example, teenagers who selectively do not pay attention to parents who repeatedly try to get them to do their chores. Or, the woman who ignores the warning signs of abuse from her partner because she doesn't want that to be true. Or the endless party politics where each side tries to outshout the other with their talking points, never really listening to opposing views.

The advertising industry is built on selective attention. Look at my product! Look at this beautiful model and buy into the illusion that you too will look this great if you buy my product!

In observing my own behavior, I notice that my selective attention really supports me well when I am writing and able to edit out all distractions except my cats -- but they delight me so I don't want to change that. I notice I am very task-oriented. When I choose to do something, I focus my attention on it and get it done. On the other hand, sometimes my attention is non-selective. For example, during meditation when I have difficulty shutting off my mind. Also, when I go shopping, I don't always selectively attend to my shopping list. I give myself too much freedom to be distracted and seduced by non-essential purchases.

Selective attention, while often unconscious, is a powerful tool when exercised consciously. It can work for us or against us depending on the situation. Here are some suggestions about how to hone your selective attention skills so that you can use them more to your advantage:

Do a selective attention audit on yourself:

  • When do you see selective attention working for you and when does it get in your way?

  • Notice how often you choose to ignore warning signs or negative implications and why.
  • Notice when you are talking with someone, whether you focus your attention on the conversation, zone out or divert your attention elsewhere.
  • When multi-tasking are you aware of where you are placing your attention or is it simply fragmented?
  • When making a purchase do you make it a point to look at both the pros and the cons or just talk yourself into the purchase by only focusing on the positives?
  • Who do you choose to listen to and who do you choose to ignore and why?
  • Do you notice any differences between how you pay attention to people and things that you like versus those you don't?

Practice using your selective attention to better advantage:

  • Choose one area of your life where you tend to get distracted and practice intentionally holding your focus where you want it to be.

  • Observe yourself in an area where selective attention works for you and notice how you do that. Then see where you can apply that elsewhere in your life.

We are selectively focusing our attention all the time. The real question is how aware of it are we? The more conscious we are of this process, the more opportunities we have to direct our attention to our advantage.

I welcome your comments.

 
 
 
Did you ever notice how some things really grab your attention but not the attention of others? Or how you edit out the background noise in a bustling restaurant when you want to hear what someone at...
Did you ever notice how some things really grab your attention but not the attention of others? Or how you edit out the background noise in a bustling restaurant when you want to hear what someone at...
 
 
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Suzie Heumann
03:04 PM on 07/14/2010
Yes! Thank you.
It is known that meditation improves focus and concentration and yet allows for a 'wider' field of vision at other times. With so much attention put on media of all types we are learning to be distracted more. Turning off more of the time we spend with media and getting our into the garden, nature, meditating, yoga, or being with others in more direct ways is the answer to practicing more focus and attention giving. It is a discipline.
We are addicted to Dopamine - excitement, novelty. We directly supply our own brains with those little squirts of neurochemicals in reaction to a distracting culture. It's a difficult task to say no to it all or at least control ourselves a bit more.
10:03 AM on 07/14/2010
Very insightful article! As someone easily distracted, with five story lines running in my head most of the time, I think about distraction a lot. I have thought about how the internet has influenced my generation in terms of distraction. I just graduated from college, and I noticed that my peers and I were constantly distracted by the internet. If we were supposed to sit down and write a paper, most would check facebook and/or email AT LEAST once an hour, but more likely every few minutes. This does not contribute to good concentration or productivity.

Just some thoughts...thanks for the stimulating article!
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dugmaze
Any man's death diminishes me
09:29 PM on 07/13/2010
Impressive article.

You really have insight (or first hand knowledge) on attention disorders. I hear so many others repeating the same old lines they were taught in college but never truly understanding what it all means. It's like a huge book talking to me.

I have the unwanted gift of taking in everything I hear and see. Especially the hidden objects or even body language. I process all this information and then normally forget it because of my memory loss. Drives me nuts.

Most of my issues I've been able to overcome or hide by myself like stuttering, eye contact, and social shortcomings. But the attention issues are much harder. And just like you said, I've tried to figure out what works in different situations but haven't had much luck. Two things I've noticed is food affects me and cycles. I tend to go in cycles with no definitive beginning or end. Some lasting for months. If I start stuttering bad, I limit social time or just listen. If I can't comprehend the material I'm reading, I turn to audio.

Hope that all made sense.
God bless.
05:50 PM on 07/14/2010
Dear dugmaze,
Thank you for your firsthand account of life with a selective attention challenge. So many people seem to take this function for granted - not realizing how powerfully it affects our awareness both consciously and unconsciously. Congratulations on finding some effective strategies and having the wisdom to ride it out.
Blessings,
Judith
06:15 PM on 07/12/2010
Oh yes, the myriad opportunities weigh heavy for us and it seems that the older I get the more important they are. Where do you direct your energy within the time limitations allowed us? Priorities may be set and then replaced due to the day to day occurrences we encounter. Perhaps acceptance to this seemingly disruptive process is a key in that we still remain “conscious” of its occurring and decide to not do battle with the disruption. If I am on the same track as what you are proposing then I would say consciousness is like that motor running in the back of the boat and our attention is the steering mechanism. We are responsible for both.
I wrote this comment before reading the article. Now that I have seen the full gist of the topic any relevancy it might have had seems less poignant (in my mind of course). The phenomenological perspective is of course going to lead to that unending equation driven by focus leading to change of focus ad infinitum. What's helpful in meditative objectives of being open to all, if we can carry that trick of the mind while being actively focused, might allow us to be more objective (with each other). I am of course presuming that focus can exist in an oscillatory state.
P.S. Focus may just be a side band of our attention frequency and perhaps should be considered as such.
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Anne Naylor
Celebrant, Weddings and Other Blessings
12:50 PM on 07/12/2010
Great topic, Judith.

The time I get most distraction and non-focussed is during my meditation time, when the world sometimes launches itself at me through my mind. However, the value of that process is learning to observe and not get attached to what is flying through.

It also means that when I do need to focus, my mind has been cleared to do so. What is more, my attention tends to go towards what is most useful and relevant.

Thanks for opening the discussion!

With love,
Anne
05:45 PM on 07/12/2010
Dear Anne,
Thanks for your great insight.
Blessings,
Judith
12:21 PM on 07/12/2010
As one who fights distraction throughout much of the day, these tips give me some tools to try out. Being right here; right now is not always easy.
Thanks for the insight.
Sculptorbob
12:06 PM on 07/12/2010
Ms. Johnson does a good job discussing a powerful yet often overlooked force in our lives. I had a career coach that had a saying that went "What you focus on you find. What you focus on becomes real..." This is why focusing on the positives instead of the negatives in one's life is so important. If you focus on the negatives, that is what will continue to manifest itself your life. Focus on the positives (even when things seem like they can't get worse) and things will most likely improve.

To put the "what you focus on you find" idea in another context, think back to your days of youth sports. In little league, coaches and parents would always tell you to keep your eye on the ball or when pitching to focus on the mitt, in hockey it was focus on the puck. Archery, basketball, football, etc, the list goes on and on. In adult life you hear success stories about people that became hyper focused on achieving a goal. It was they thought about day and night -- it's what they focused on. Focus is an essential part of our successes and our happiness. When one learns to harness that power, great things can come from it.
11:37 AM on 07/12/2010
Wow - this really got me thinking ... thanks for shining the light:)