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Judith Samuelson

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All Businesses Should Have a Public Purpose, Not Just 'B-Corps'

Posted: 07/29/11 01:31 PM ET

The latest rage in socially responsible business is the Benefit Corporation. "B-Corps" have charters and protocols that make clear the intention to achieve "profits -- plus"-- i.e., a financial return, plus a social or environmental return.

Frankly, I don't get it.

Five states have already set up a parallel charter -- Maryland, Vermont, New Jersey, Virginia and Hawaii now allow "Benefit Corporations." A New York statute is awaiting Governor Cuomo's signature and other states are taking it up as I write. California has two competing bills in the hopper: the Benefit Corporation legislation is going head to head with something called the Flexible Purpose Corp.

No harm done? Perhaps; time will tell. But the logic for the change is weak and the message confusing.

Advocates of B-Corps believe, as I do, that we need to enlist the capacity and problem-solving skills of business to make progress on the big challenges of our day. I understand why foundations and NGOs find the idea of business locked in to a social purpose attractive -- after all, the last decade is rife with examples of business excess, and trust in business is at a new low. It seems we need some new answers.

But I don't think the answer is a parallel process in some alternative universe. A distinct charter for the companies who think systematically about the social and environmental impacts of their decisions sends the wrong message. We need all businesses to operate that way. Nothing less will do.

In business schools we need to spend more time on case examples of businesses that have succeeded in accessing capital in public markets, but are managed with common sense values, decision rules and protocols up and down the supply chain and in relation to consumers. It will not always be a pretty picture, but it is a failure if MBAs learn that they need to set up a specially chartered organization to bring their values to work. There is too much important work to do in the large, complex, globe trotting, resource dependent multinational firms that produce the essential goods and services on which we are dependent.

The good news is there are tons of examples to work with -- consumer-facing brands like Whole Foods, Starbucks, Herman Miller and Southwest come to mind; but there is also value in teaching about the complex tradeoffs of enterprises in energy- and resource-dependent industrial behemoths such as GE, Caterpillar and Dow.

Publically minded corporations are not a new idea; from the earliest days of the Republic, businesses were chartered and offered limited liability for public purposes -- from establishing commerce in new colonies to building the railroads. Admittedly, it doesn't feel like that today; Milton Friedman's (failed) ideology about profit maximization still commands many boardrooms and classrooms.

However, in the hyper-connected world we inhabit, a company cannot survive for very long that ignores the demands of employees, investors, communities and aware consumers. From Nike to Walmart -- there are abundant examples of companies that learned this lesson the hard way. Ask any business leader if they can ignore factors like employee morale and retention, government/community franchises and license to operate, supplier demands and customer preferences.

Making fine distinctions between good companies and bad ones is a slippery slope. It certainly won't work to embed it in law. Companies are complex. The balancing act can be a difficult one.

Measurement systems are blunt. More attention needs to be paid to three central questions across all business organizations: What is the central mission or purpose of the enterprise? How do we measure success, and over what time frame? Who do we need to consult to make high quality decisions that stand the test of time?

Chances are that a company answering those questions thoughtfully, with the interests of all stakeholders in mind, will end up serving the public well, and be profitable.

 
The latest rage in socially responsible business is the Benefit Corporation. "B-Corps" have charters and protocols that make clear the intention to achieve "profits -- plus"-- i.e., a financial return...
The latest rage in socially responsible business is the Benefit Corporation. "B-Corps" have charters and protocols that make clear the intention to achieve "profits -- plus"-- i.e., a financial return...
 
 
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01:36 PM on 08/06/2011
Thank you for your post Judith.

I agree with you that all businesses HAVE a purpose beyond (and including) that of making a profit. I recently began writing a series of blog posts entitled It's Just Good Business addressing this and related topics. http://www.workingforgood.com/category/blog

The Conscious Capitalism web site - http://www.consciouscapitalism.org - is another good source for related information and insights.

Best,

Jeff
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gerald4
licensed mechanical and electrical engineer
11:44 AM on 08/01/2011
Only the GREEDY private sector generates and creates NATIONAL WEALTH (and JOBS for US citizens to create wealth for other US citizens), and that wealth is then available to be taxed as business profits, private personal income, property taxes and personal inheritance TAXES TO PAY FOR GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRATIC EMPLOYEE PAYROLLS and other government expenses, and also to pay off any government bonds when they become due at maturity.

Federal, state, county, municipal, school district and other various government taxing authorities CONSUME (or destroy) WEALTH that was created by the GREEDY private sector.

If Federal Government deficit spending destroys the US economy and the WEALTH CREATING businesses, including the GREEDY corporations, then all of those government jobs, government services and other government programs at every level will disappear for lack of funding from the GREEDY private sector.
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colliertng
Freedom-Loving Conservative-Libertarian Independen
11:31 AM on 08/01/2011
"We need all businesses to operate that way. Nothing less will do." So, In other words, Judith Samuelson, You want to tell "Businesses on how to run themselves?" You're going to "Force Them to comply?" What ever happened to the "Concept of Volunteerism?" I guess that got thrown out with "Making A Profit" too, huh? A "Load of Crap!" If I had a Business & Government and/or some "Special Interest Group" told me how to run My Business, I'd tell them all where they could put it!
01:09 PM on 07/30/2011
And all executive directors of institutes should be required to donate their salaries towards the causes they champion.
10:35 AM on 07/30/2011
I completely disagree. A for profit corp. is just that - an entity set up to make a profit. It should not be given personhood or further confused by calling it a benefit corp. It should be forced by law and regulation to follow ecological and employee fairness and safety standards. Corporations already have way too much power. They have bought the government, they are considered persons, they shape the media, and control the universities. Now they will be that nice uncle who brings us presents. This will further blur the issues, it is the ultimate PR spin for the corporations. You cannot force a cat (a natural carnivore) to become a vegan. All you can do is keep him indoors so he doesn't eat the birds.
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
09:45 AM on 07/30/2011
"Chances are that a company answering those questions thoughtfully, with the interests of all stakeholders in mind, will end up serving the public well, and be profitable."

Excellent! I am glad you used the word stakeholders, which is a much larger set than just the shareholders. I repeated fallacy among capitalist extremists is that the corporation only reason to exist is for profits to the shareholders, a much smaller subset of all stakeholders.

Corporations need to fulfill their civic duty and pay their fair share of taxes without complaint.
We are sick and tired of their whining about paying taxes, and actively avoiding paying taxes with legal gimmicks, shirking their responsibility.
To add insult to injury, the corporations try to claim "corporate personhood" with their attempted takeover of our government. The American people will never succumb to fascism!
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Linda Fisher Thornton
LeadinginContext.com @LeadinginContxt
07:41 AM on 07/30/2011
You've said it well. We definitely do need all businesses to serve a purpose beyond profits. As the world changes and the context for leading ethically evolves, the stakes are raised on businesses. They must keep up with our new understanding of what it means to lead responsibly in a global society and adapt accordingly.
10:46 PM on 07/29/2011
Judith, I appreciate your comments regarding B-Corps and how there shouldn't have to be any need for such a thing because corporations should have a purpose that is greater than just earning a profit. I agree with you in many respects, but I think that you are attempting to place B-Corps in the same category as Apple, Google, and Southwest. As far as I know, none of the "certified" B-Corps that exist at the current time are widely-traded public companies. The legal distinction that would allow a publicly-held company to charter as a Benefit Corp is complicated and involves federal registration requirements, "Blue-Sky Laws", and much more. We are decades away from large, publicly-traded B-Corps.

In the meantime, there are a growing number of publicly-traded companies around the world that are very exciting and are blazing new trails in social, environmental, and governance policies that demonstrate the business case for sustainability. These businesses are profitable because they are sustainable, rather than engaging in sustainability because the are profitable. The former is truly sustainable and the latter is partaking in the "flavor of the month."
07:35 PM on 07/29/2011
Um, isn't this what taxes are for? Becuase it's not like Wal-Mart is going to swing
a shovel in its corporate nonexistent hand. So what you must mean is that -people-
will be drafted into this involuntary volunteer army by their employers. Sweet.
06:51 PM on 07/29/2011
The theory of shareholder capitalism, the belief that corporations exist solely to benefit their shareholders, took control during the 1970s, driving out, at least in the US, the theory of stakeholder capitalism, the belief that shareholders, customers, employees, and the community have a stake in every corporation. The strange thing is that many American businessmen once believed in and espoused stakeholder capitalism, which is the dominant capitalist model in all other First World countries, with the exception of Great Britain (which is now in pretty bad shape).
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satanlite
If ur neibor wtchs Fox Nws wtch ur neibor
03:48 PM on 07/29/2011
Oh, am I gonna beat the most ardent Randian by shrieking SOCIALISM!!!!!!!!
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02:53 PM on 07/29/2011
Yes, Judith- all must be "public" so that you can make more money speaking for the "public".
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gerald4
licensed mechanical and electrical engineer
02:07 PM on 07/29/2011
Judith Samuelson:

I do not think that I ever heard that any business or corporation exists for any reason except for that business to (try to) make a profit for themselves, the business owners, or corporation stockholders.

Why would or should any individual, business, partnership, or corporation ever do anything (like hiring another employee) that did not profit that business entity? This profit is the only reason why any businessman ever does anything!

Does any laborer ever work without compensation?

Why would or should anybody ever do anything without compensation?

Profits and wages are the only things that motivate people to work!
03:15 PM on 07/29/2011
Notice your use of the word 'Compensation'. It is an appropriate choice since it means 'Money in payment for a loss'. That loss reflects when someone is working for something they don't believe in, where they hang up their values at the coat rack and collect a check. People are compensated when they are doing things they don't find joy in doing. The data shows that purpose-led companies enjoy greater employee loyalty and reduced turnover. People are coming to work for place that stands for something. These companies are not in the majority, but they are growing. B-Corps. are one way for people to help figure out where the industrial age compensation model is outmoded. B-Corps. help provide people with a choice when it comes to working and supporting a business that believes in people and planet versus one that only believes in profit and compensates with cash the loss it is incurring in resources and human spirit.
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gerald4
licensed mechanical and electrical engineer
04:59 PM on 07/29/2011
At age 72, after working since I was 14, I have never enjoyed working for myself or anyone else.

I have never worked for any reason except to be compensated (paid) in return for my labor.

I only pursued higher education in order to increase my compensation for my labor.

Who would pay the employees of some "B-Corp"? The taxpayers? Who?

Where did anyone ever get that idea?
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englishman545
English Born, Brooklyn Raised
08:09 PM on 07/29/2011
But when American companies export the work to other countries they hurt the American economy.

Call Microsoft for help and you get an IT person in Mumbai, India.

American compamies are enriching other countries economies at the cost of the American economy.

Children have been found in factories making rugs, women have been locked in buildings making clothes without pay for export.

Meanwhile the American business owners and stockholders are getting richer.

There is only color for the American businessman/corporation Green, the color of money.
alunsulen
Digging the liberal hatred!
04:38 AM on 07/30/2011
The only color of the libs is green, the color of envy.
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gerald4
licensed mechanical and electrical engineer
11:24 AM on 08/01/2011
We Americans should blame ourselves for electing both Republican and Democrat US Congressmen and Senators that created all of the "FREE TRADE" legislation during the past 20 years that LEGALLY ALLOWED and ECONOMICALLY REQUIRED that almost all non-government jobs in the USA be moved to foreign nations by removing the import tariffs that protected the USA jobs of the US worker!