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In Defense of Algebra and Other Difficult Subjects

Posted: 08/07/2012 1:22 pm

Last week a political science professor named Andrew Hacker published an article in the New York Times: "Is Algebra Necessary?" The title alone triggered my math phobia. Math is right up there with my fear of swimming. (More on my atatiophobia another time.)

In my unscientific poll, my math anxiety is pretty typical for a woman my age. The thought of a quadratic equation -- whatever that is -- sends me into a panic. It's tempting to agree with Hacker to skip the whole ordeal and just concentrate on the subjects I'm good at.

I don't doubt Hacker's statistics that six million high school students and two million college freshmen are suffering under the weight of solving a simple equation like 5x + 2 = 3x + 10. But the truth is a high school graduate should be able to come up with four as the answer. I almost believed Hacker's argument when he asserted, "making mathematics mandatory prevents us from discovering and developing young talent. In the interest of maintaining rigor, we're actually depleting our pool of brainpower. I say this as a writer and social scientist whose work relies heavily on the use of numbers. My aim is not to spare students from a difficult subject, but to call attention to the real problems we are causing by misdirecting precious resources."

But then I realized that he is, in fact, asking students to sidestep subjects that are difficult for them. Isn't the point of being a student to challenge oneself? I ought to know. Writers are perpetual students. There's no way around the fact that you have to put in the hours researching, writing and rewriting. Having said all of this, I've never met a writer who didn't think writing was the hardest undertaking in the world. I had a teacher who told me that he psyched himself up in front of the blank computer screen with these words: Down, Down, In.

To make it to the desk is the first of many small victories. Then it's time to confront the equation that has to be solved, the Latin paragraph that has to be translated, the essay to say what you intend to communicate. These intellectual conundrums don't simply loom large, they haunt one. You have to do this work because it matters. Hacker, on the other hand, reinforces the ultimate phobic behavior in education: avoidance.

Down, down, in. That's how you'll find your subject, gather your emotional strength and cultivate your creativity. Lightning bolt inspiration is as rare as getting struck by actual lightning.

I had a geometry teacher who was downright abusive. She assigned an open-ended art project that was supposed to incorporate principles of geometry. For the record, I am totally opposed to art projects after nursery school. My geometry project was a dismal failure. I cut out circles, squares and other shapes and tried to calculate the areas. She took me down in front of the whole class, pointing out I hadn't done the project at all. She offered no guidance on how I might fix my project, just withering criticism. Consequently, I break out into hives when I hear the word geometry.

But in my gut, I know that math is important in our increasingly tech-savvy world. I've made sure that my daughter knows that she can solve a quadratic equation as well as any boy in her class. Hacker points out that only 9% of men and 4% of women score over 700 on the math portion of the SAT. I'm not worried about that statistic's discrepancy between girls and boys. I'm astounded by our country's math illiteracy.

Math students, particularly girls, need both mentors and teachers to excel in the subject. In an article recently published in The American Scholar by Paula Marantz Cohen, an English professor, she points out the subtle but crucial differences between mentors and teachers. "A teacher," she writes, "has greater knowledge than a student; a mentor has greater perspective." Marantz Cohen is talking about the editor-writer relationship, but I think a similar relationship is very beneficial for girls in math. A teacher sits down and shows a student how to solve a quadratic equation. A mentor clears away the cobwebs of doubt for a student so that the learning can begin in earnest.

In our house Ken and I take on the roles of teacher and mentor. As mentor, trying to expand my reach beyond that of cheerleader. After I read Hacker's essay, I was spurred on to demystify algebra and asked Ken to teach me how to prove the quadratic equation Hacker offered in his piece: (x² + y²)² = (x² - y²)² + (2xy)².

"Show me how to do this for our daughter," I said to my husband as I broke out in a cold sweat.

"She knows how to prove this equation."

"Please," I begged.

He proceeded to teach me a strategy called FOIL to tackle the equation. As soon as Anna heard the word in her room she called out incredulously, "Are you doing algebra?" And then she came in and showed me how to solve the problem.

The right attitude, coupled with competent teaching, means that learning algebra doesn't have to be a Sisyphean undertaking. Even for me.

 

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Last week a political science professor named Andrew Hacker published an article in the New York Times: "Is Algebra Necessary?" The title alone triggered my math phobia. Math is right up there with my...
Last week a political science professor named Andrew Hacker published an article in the New York Times: "Is Algebra Necessary?" The title alone triggered my math phobia. Math is right up there with my...
 
 
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11:37 AM on 09/03/2012
Please keep studying. Your example (the one your daughter explained to you using FOIL multiplication) is not a quadratic equation as it contains powers of x greater than two.
12:38 PM on 08/29/2012
The value of algebra, maths, calculus and all those other "difficult" matters is not learning to solve the problems themselves, which most people will probably never face in life again, once out of school. What these disciplines really teach students, and what will stay with them for life, is analytical and abstract thinking, which is what it takes to tackle a myriad other problems of "real" life. I believe that the lack of these abilities considerably limits the possibilities for development (in any area) of any human being. It is not learning math, it is learning a thinking process.
08:41 PM on 08/14/2012
In the words of M. Scott Peck, "Life if difficult.It is a great truth; once we truly understand and accept it, it is no longer difficult"
What differentiates us as human beings is the ability to take on difficult challenges and to transcend them. We gain confidence and competence in overcoming obstacles and solving difficult problems. More importantly, we add meaning to our existence.
05:15 PM on 08/09/2012
(x² + y²)² = (x² - y²)² + (2xy)² is not a quadratic equation. It is an identity, that is, it is true for any x and any y. A quadratic equation, ax^2 + bx + c = 0, has two solutions, one solution, or no solutions, depending upon the values of a, b, and c.
09:53 AM on 08/09/2012
Thank you, thank you, thank you. As an Algebra teacher, I struggle with this everyday. The biggest problem we have is that students must choose their math track in the 9th grade - 4 years of rigorous math that includes Calculus or 3 years of simple math that just barely meet graduation standards. Unfortnately, too many of our students are choosing the simplest path as 9th graders because they see no need to challenge themselves. Three years later, when they're seniors, they're horrified to learn that they don't have enough math for their chosen college major - nursing, architecture, computer animation, etc. It is our job as educators to prepare students for any path they might choose - which means all students in this country must have a good math education. Will every student use Algebra in their daily life? No. They will not. Similarly, I don't particularly use my knowledge of 10th grade honors World History in my daily life. But I'm better off for having taken it. Students are too young to know what they really want yet - and allowing them to opt out of Algebra just because it's hard both insults them and does them a great disservice.
11:50 AM on 08/08/2012
The older a student gets the less plastic is the brain and it's functions. We ought to be teaching languages and algebra and geometry in first thru third grade. Kids at that age believe and will try to make abstract concepts work much better than older kids. By adolescence we are thinking about the opposite sex. All of the different shapes on each others bodies and such.
11:43 AM on 08/08/2012
Whats the point of any math discipline past alegbra or geometry? When was the last time you actually used algebra or geometry to solve any ordinary problem? I can park my car parallel or perpendicular just fine on experience. I can push an item across the floor just fine. Today the calculations are built into and completed with algebra, geometry, physics, calculus by simple calculators and computers. There isn't really a need for higher math except for those who really, really have an aptitude for math. We all can't be musicians, doctors or brilliant artists.
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Kriggens
praying for a return of sanity.
06:29 PM on 08/08/2012
If you don't know the underlying principle of why the calculations that you plug into a computer/ calculator work, then you won't have any idea when the program spits out the wrong answer. It only takes one wrong button push to come up with a wrong answer. The technology is a tool, not a crutch. Use the tool to help solve the problem, but understand how the problem works.
Iceneedle
Techie and educator
02:29 PM on 08/09/2012
Thank you Kriggens.
Case in point, type into a TI-84 calculator -5 and square it. The calculator's answer is -25 a not possible answer if you square negative 5. But since the calculator is programmed to the MDAS rule, square then subtract, that is how it arrives at the answer -25, which is wrong.

But hey, considering the numbskulls who will believe the calculator is always right, well there you have our civilization's doom.

I do find it a sorry excuse for academics to fail to try to work for an answer. It appears to me, the problems are becoming more complicated, but the answer from "officials" seems to be avoidance, rather than developing a solution.
08:38 AM on 08/09/2012
What difference does it make if folks don't care. Higher math for most folks is not enjoyable. Higher math for folks who have a propensity for math and science is fun. Those guys eyes glaze over at a quadratic equation. Most folks just don't care and have very little use for higher math. You don't need to be a college grad to be an electrician or carpenter but they use what they have to because it can be applied. Folks o to learn statistics but they basically learn what and where to put factors on a calculator or computer. The real advance will be when we can turn on the gene for math and science propensity. A lot of people just don't have it. Most people have guitars in their homes but not many can actually play with proficiency and Eric Clapton is in that category. Most songs are based on 3 chords easy enough for most people. Find the value of X, yek!
07:04 AM on 08/08/2012
ARITHMATRIX
(uh-rith-MAY-trikks) n :
The point at which the difficulty of your child’s math assignments surpasses your mathematical ability.
(From: www.TheKidDictionary.com )
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Michael Morrison
Proud Dad, Engineer, Aspring Geophysicist
02:41 AM on 08/08/2012
Good observations, Judy.

Once upon a time, a Liberal Arts education really meant something...Prior to about 1900, all Liberal Arts students in Europe and the U.S. were required to take a year of Newtonian Calculus, and Physics...Using Isaac Newton's Latin Language Principia as their text.

Unfortunately, LA schools have usually sacrificed rigor for some arcane notion of relevance...And in the process, are making themselves irrelevant.

And the world is worse-off for it.
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Mirriam Egglebrecht
08:12 PM on 08/07/2012
Andrew Hacker is a liberal arts professor who sees little value in the hard sciences. I wonder if this guy realizes that the technological revolution was built by algebra and higher mathematics? Sure, American children are getting lazier and finding it harder to cope with difficult subjects like algebra. Does that mean we should just let them quit and let the highly motivated children of other nations take over?
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lcr999
scientist
07:11 PM on 08/07/2012
Of course the goal is to challenge everyone. But chalenge them with something useful and relevant to their lives. Challenge them to be better welders, or better electricians or better consumers. Sorry, algebra, and particularly algebra II are appropriate for college prep for technical careers, but no all HS students should be on the that track. OOpps, I said that swear word....tracking. Sorry, one size does not fit all.
07:28 PM on 08/07/2012
algebra is such a pud class you shouldn't be allowed to leave sixth grade without a good grasp of the subject matter
05:32 PM on 08/07/2012
The question being asked (finally!) by some in the world of education is whether or not the subjects associated with algebra, specifically those concepts introduced in the second year, are beneficial and necessary uses of student time and energy. I believe that rather than algebra two, states and schools should hold business math and geometry at the "top of the pyramid," as they would have correlations to students' lives beyond high school. Studies continue to show that the concepts associated with this specific section of math are not commonly used in what we refer to as "every-day life". Wouldn't it be refreshing for students to graduate with the skills and subjects associated with global and domestic economics, personal finances, and useful geometry? Algebra two should absolutely be an option for students, as those seeking careers in the sciences and beyond find it required of them at the post-secondary level. But by narrowing curricula and hinging graduation on the completion of a subject that tends to be far-removed from daily life is detrimental to student motivation and not helpful for a struggling economy. Many options should be available to students in the secondary level so that those seeking potential employment in the trades and vocational schools can find means to pursue those avenues. As a college freshman, I understand the significance of taking specific math courses in order to earn my political science degree, but still question the validity of our society's acceptance of algebra two for all.
07:31 PM on 08/07/2012
The problem with your suggestion is that technical staff finish algebra in fourth grade........if people truly have a problem with such a simple, common sense subject then I now know why America is diving.