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Karl Giberson, Ph.D

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God and the God Particle

Posted: 07/09/2012 12:03 pm

Physics is grand. It's the grandest of the many achievements of our species -- greater than music, greater than art, greater than our omni-present consumer marketplace with its daily provision of ever-smarter phones and ever-stupider advertisements.

When physics shows up on our doorstep, as it does when we purchase a mysterious new piece of electronics containing lasers, memory chips and magical glass, we get a stir of excitement. But that stir is little more than the buzz created by magicians, circus performers or Olympic gymnasts doing mysterious things that we can't comprehend.

Underneath the glitter and magic of high tech toys made possible by physics are deep ideas about the fundamental nature of the world. Without an understanding of these deep ideas there would be no magical products. Reflect on the fact that almost all the physics of the 20th century is validated every time your smart phone powers up. If just one of those physics laws disappeared, or changed a little bit, much of our civilization would shut down.

As remarkable as our progress has been in understanding the deep laws of physics, mysteries persist. Under each layer of understanding lies a new layer of questions. As soon as the chemists organized the periodic table of the elements -- one of the great achievements of 19th century science -- questions arose about the underlying reasons for the organizational scheme. Why, exactly, was sodium so much like potassium -- so similar that you can swap it out and make sodium-free salt with potassium?

Physicists answered these questions. They figured how nature had built the entire periodic table of the elements from protons, electrons and neutrons. The explanation was called quantum mechanics and it was an elegant advance in our knowledge, perhaps the greatest discovery of the first half of the 20th century. Atoms were the way they were because they were composed of smaller particles. But why were these smaller particles the way they were? Why, for example, were electrons so light and protons almost 2,000 times heavier? Why were electrons point particles with zero diameter but protons and neutrons had "size"? Such questions were answered when it was discovered that the proton and the neutron were composed of quarks. The electron was a member of a family of particles called leptons that did not have any internal constituents -- a feature that made them both lighter and without diameters.

Patterns within the respective families of quarks and leptons -- there is six of each and they relate to each other in interesting ways -- raised questions about the nature of those patterns -- the same sort of questions once asked about the periodic table. One of the questions was how the particles got their particular masses, charges and other properties. (These properties include charm, strangeness, upness, downness, as well as some less esoteric magnetic features.)

Just as quantum mechanics unlocked the secrets of the organizational structure of the periodic table, a theory called the Standard Model unlocked the secrets of the of organizational structure of the quarks and leptons, providing deep insights into their nature.

Perhaps the most ambitious explanatory component of the Standard Model was its explanation for the origin of mass. Why do particles have mass in the first place? Some particles, like photons, have no mass -- technically no rest mass -- and thus can buzz about at the speed of light. But electrons and quarks have mass and cannot travel at the speed of light, a fact gloriously confirmed by the resolution of recent experiments that hinted otherwise.

The Standard Model explained the origin of mass as the result of a field existing everywhere -- a sort of universal fog through which moving particles have to plough. This fog -- if it exists -- impedes moving particles, like millions of tiny arms reaching out and grabbing at the particles as they pass. The slowing created by this creates the phenomenon of mass.

The universal fog is known as the Higgs Field. But is it real? How do we know this field exists and does what the Standard Model claims? How do we know, for example, that particles didn't get their mass from God at the creation? Or maybe from tiny mass fairies riding on them?

Enter the Higgs Boson. Fields in physics have particles associated with them and the existence of the particles provides evidence that the fields are real. The familiar photon is evidence for the electromagnetic field. Peter Higgs, and some colleagues, predicted the existence of his namesake boson in 1964. For decades physicists have been devising experiments to make the elusive mass-giving particle show itself and, after several months of peeking its head around corners at the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, the particle has been definitively sighted.

The buzz about the discovery of the Higgs Boson reminds us once again that we are progressing in our understanding the deeper features of the world. Such progress can seem like a scientific intrusion onto theological turf. Are we not now claiming that mass is created by the Higgs Field and not by God? Is this not why the new boson is called The God Particle?

Such concerns are exacerbated by a misunderstanding created by a joke, when physicist Leon Lederman titled his book about the quest for the Higgs Boson, "The God Particle." (Publishers discovered long ago that putting "God" in the title of science books helps sales; examples include "God: The Failed Hypothesis," "The Mind of God," "God and the New Physics," "God's Universe." One can only guess the fate of Lederman's book had he titled it "The Quest for the Higgs Boson.") Understandably, journalists have persisted in calling the God Particle by its provocative nickname, to the dismay of most physicists including Peter Higgs.

Discovering the Higgs Boson undermines nothing in theology, however. If anything, its discovery provides more evidence of the deeply rational character of the universe, a topic I explore in more detail in my recent book, "The Wonder of the Universe." Whether God assigns mass directly to particles, or creates a field to do so is theologically irrelevant, although I would argue the latter is more elegant. Lederman even suggests as much in The God Particle, when he rewrites Scripture, and has God saying, "Let us go down, and there give them the God Particle so that they may see how beautiful is the universe I have made."

 
 
 

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04:07 PM on 08/07/2012
The Higgs boson (and the standard model) aren't all that difficult to understand.
Read this:
http://SHPECK.com/The-God-Particle
You'll understand everything, and if not, feel free to ask anything in the comments section.
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03:41 PM on 07/21/2012
a Sphere of Infinite Density and Energy Existed In an Infinite Vacuum OF Zero Energy Density; Yes or No?
08:59 AM on 07/30/2012
If you are referring to the big bang; we don't know the conditions of the universe at the first instant of the BB, but from taking our calculations as far back as we could, its reasonable to assume an infinitely dense point. What lay beyond it, vacuum or not, is unknown. I think.

Of course, religious nuts like me just throw in the "G" word. . . or the multiverse plus "G" word. :)
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07:58 PM on 07/30/2012
i agree its possible for an infinite density point, but i also think its possible for space to have no density.
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05:29 PM on 07/31/2012
very likely quark-gluon, electron plasma, but what if the "space" that space spread into had no density?
06:55 PM on 07/13/2012
It's so easy to say God did it. Where is the proof. Science checks itself, however theologians can claim
God did it and have to offer no proof.
04:02 AM on 07/18/2012
I hope one day in the future religious people come to realize how stupid they are and face reality. god doesn't exist people; never has and never will. why can't religions be like Buddhism, who don't claim to believe in a god or anything of that nature. and why do people believe that a CATHOLIC god created to worlds? there are many religions out there not just the one.

ahhhhhhh religion, the error of man kind..
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03:43 PM on 07/21/2012
there is a comment posted you should see, interesting....
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03:42 PM on 07/21/2012
check out a general comment just posted, i think you'll find it interesting.
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rsttho557949
What is Job's Crucible?
11:10 AM on 07/13/2012
Folks love to use this "God particle" (poor named) stuff to as a way to attack the faith of a believer. The contrarians will use this discovery to say, 'See, there is the proof. There is no God because they found a particles that explains (in reality it attempts to explain) mass" Now I applaud the investigative power of a great mind that is led by faith, but Higgs-boson, in the great scheme of things, is like finding a nail in the frame of a house. The day, that a researcher can re animate a living thing back to its normal function, THEN we will truly have something revolutionary. NO ONE involved in the investigation of that particle has doe anything that man truly wants---to conquer disease and death. They tell about a reason for the existence of man-but not life. They( the scientist are as close to God as we are to the center of the Milky Way. Only Jesus gives life and has conquered death. One month from now, 99% of the people( in this entire world) will have forgotten about Higgs-boson. I can guarantee you that EVER ONE working on Higgs boson knows about Jesus…whether they believe in Him or not..
06:24 PM on 07/15/2012
I don't think the motivation for this research was to attack the faith of anyone or to either prove or not prove a God. I don't even think these reasons were even a passing thought in the mind of the scientists. I do think that religious people love to attack scientists for doing science. But at the same time do not flinch from using the results of science to cure their illnesses, save their lives or make their lives better and more comfortable. Whether one month from now no one but the researchers themselves remember about the Higgs boson and know about Jesus is irrelevant. They will also know about George Washington, Julius Caesar, Santa Claus, Gandhi, Buddha, John Wayne, Marilyn Monroe and Casper the friendly Ghost, etc. I would say that your claim that Jesus gives life and has conquered death is an incredible claim indeed. I think the proof for that claim would be harder to verify than the Higgs boson.
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rsttho557949
What is Job's Crucible?
01:08 AM on 07/16/2012
Hi Bobisyouruncle ,

Thank you for your reply. Yes, my claim that Jesus gives life is mind boggling. Now, don't get me wrong, the fellas that sought out Higgs-boson are far more intelligent than I. I wasn't blessed with exceptional genetics. I’m what is known as a "hard working average man". But, I do know this, if one compared the finding of Higgs-boson to the complexities of the human cell, it would be like comparing an abacus (not even an old slide rule) to a modern day smart phone! Reanimate a dead thing for me, and then I will go "Ooooooo! Woooooow!" I'm not trying to disrespect the accomplishment of those brilliant minds. That God He has given us brilliant minds.
No, I don't think that attacking the faith of people is what the scientists had in mind-others, however, did and will. Its rhetoric but God must exist because so many people claim that He doesn't. I don't believe in ghosts (Casper included or Big Foot). If I did with the same passion that I have for Jesus the world would think I was mad. The world doesn't think I'm mad believing in Jesus. With my simple and humble mind, I've concluded that when one attacks a believer’s faith, it’s ALWAYS due to moral issue and rebelliousness against one's conscience. I have yet to find an exception. It’s all about faith.
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03:45 PM on 07/21/2012
drifting off topic, check out general comment.
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squat6971
59 *was* divine -- 60? 61? not so much
11:11 AM on 07/12/2012
"..tiny mass fairies.." Funny!
03:41 AM on 07/12/2012
The "God particle" does not move beyond "cause and effect". Scientists, an all of mankind, are limited to cause and effect. As, we dig deeper into the cause it still reflects only the effects of our observation. It seems to be infinitely impossible to finally arrive at an "answer".

We can find applications for our discoveries, but those only become useful to that end. Christians and atheists are on opposite ends of the spectrum. Christians base their views of reality on the cause, and atheist base their views of reality on the effect. Therefore, the effect is pre-determined for Christians by their understanding of the cause, and for atheists the cause is pre-determined by their understand of the effect.
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06:56 PM on 09/06/2012
So what you're saying is? God is the "cause" and anyone who doesn't believe it, is in "effect," wrong. I can go with that. lol. I was just having a little fun with the word play.

I believe everyone needs to follow who they are in their belief. Just like Jesus does. He doesn't want us to force his teachings on others, just make them known. Matthew 10:14, "If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, shake the dust off your feet when you leave that home or town." He wants everyone to have free will. And us not to feel bad or get mad if rejected.

You and I believe in and love Jesus. We must try our best as humanly possible to remember to teach from the position of love as he always did.

I want to say, I think you did a good job with that in your comment.
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nogods
02:23 PM on 07/11/2012
It should be renamed the Atheist Particle.
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03:46 PM on 07/21/2012
meaning?
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nogods
02:15 PM on 07/11/2012
"Discovering the Higgs Boson undermines nothing in theology." Absolutely true.

All Theologies are man made baloney explaining nothing. Gods are unfortunate human inventions. Religions are bad human inventions.
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03:47 PM on 07/21/2012
limited view.
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timmuh
09:37 PM on 07/10/2012
The author write: "Discovering the Higgs Boson undermines nothing in theology" and of course it doesn't and nothing ever will refute a vague and untestable hypothesis such as magic Jew whose party tricks will never be disproved, or proven.
05:24 AM on 07/12/2012
Some, people like to apply an intelligence to the "God Particle" that doesn't exist. Almost as if it has been eluding scientists all these prior years because of its motive of wanting to keep its identity secret. When, in reality it's just moving matter. You know there are a lot of people like that too.

timmuh, have you discovered the secret of your reality or identity? Or, are you something that can just be observed with its value yet to be determined? Could you be your own Higgs Boson?
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timmuh
02:43 AM on 07/13/2012
Given that both The Universe, and life here on this planet, is exactly the way it would be if there was no benevolent creator, with reductionism, or complexity from simplicity, being validated time and time again through discoveries such as this, my own lack of self importance remains rightfully-so in tact.
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Kirk Job-Sluder
04:19 PM on 07/10/2012
It doesn't surprise me that a joke of a metaphor ended up biting physicists on the ass. See also "Big Bang" and "Shoedinger's Cat" as other examples of widely misinterpreted phrases.
04:15 PM on 07/10/2012
This column makes about as much sense as one connecting Jesus and the Jesus Lizard. Maybe it should have been titled "Someone Mentioned God In An Erroneously Scientific Context: Read My Book"
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03:48 PM on 07/21/2012
like your name, clever, but perhaps your comment not so much.
09:48 AM on 07/23/2012
Care to elaborate on why you dislike the comment, or do you just plan to leave your reply dangling in erroneous obscurity?
01:13 PM on 07/10/2012
Translation: no matter what scientific fact emerges, I will continue to assert the truth of God's existence even though there are no facts to support it. I respect belief it God, I redicule claims that God is fact.
researcher
researcher
03:20 PM on 07/10/2012
Your "facts" are theories agreed upon by a large group of “experts” that see the world as only a mechanical and material world. I.e. scientific materialism.

Now the religious see a humanoid God outside of themselves that judges and punishes them for being “His” bad or good children. I.e. usually bad and fallen. Exceptions of course, always.

To whom it may concern: follow a different path and therein can be discoveries into these mysteries of life. Without these mysteries what would the journey of life/lives be?

Now while on that different path expect rejection and ridicule from these true believers. Compassion is in order for they have much to lose when their cherished beliefs and hidden paradigms are threatened.

Once we become a true believer in religion or materialism and their religious answers and theories (whoops facts) into these mysteries of life, the human ego is in charge of our thoughts and actions.

The human ego finds great comfort in being a true believer and will defend those beliefs in spite of the evidence. Beliefs overwhelm evidence 99.99 per cent of the time. Little known “fact” from researcher. :o)
04:06 PM on 07/10/2012
Here we go with the postmodern, epistemological skepticism mumbo-jumbo. Thanks, researcher, but we've heard it all before.

You criticize science for being too reductionist (which it sometimes is, but more often isn't), and yet you see no irony in giving an equally reductionist account of what facts or science itself is. That's not 'profound', that's misguided.
united dreamer
The meek shall inherit the earth, trust me
04:28 PM on 07/10/2012
Love it
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nogods
02:20 PM on 07/11/2012
"Science tells us what we can know but what we can know is little
and if we forget how much we cannot know we become insensitive
of many things of very great importance. Theology, on the other
hand induces a dogmatic belief that we have knowledge where in
fact we have ignorance and by doing so generates a kind of
impertinent insolence towards the universe. Uncertainty in the
presence of vivid hopes and fears is painful, but must be endured
if we wish to live without the support of comforting fairy tales."
[Bertrand Russell]
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flinthfp
1John 5:11-12 Eternal Life in flesh
12:47 PM on 07/10/2012
The LOGOS... Heraclitus (ca. 535–475 BC), who used the term for a principle of order and knowledge.

Some translations of the NT render John 1:1 as
In the beginning was the Logos and the Logos was with God and the Logos was God.

1 john 1:1 adds more details as follows

1That which was from the beginning, that which we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which we beheld, and our hands handled, concerning the Word of life 2(and the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare unto you the life, the eternal life, which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us);
Shalom
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Dr Idris
polymathy is not understanding
03:23 PM on 07/10/2012
how about a translation a Greek philosopher might like? for the Greekless-ARKHE can mean beginning, source, first principle, even rule-in both senses. e.g., the ARKHE of the Athenians is usually translated as the Athenian Empire-Classical Greeks used the term THEOS, "God", in a much looser more relaxed sense than the early Christians; so "Divine" could be a good translation. The intro to the 4th Gospel was one of the few things Greek philosophers appreciated about Christianity; they understood where LOGOS came from-at least that was their interpretation.
I will try one-"IN the FIRST PRINCIPLE the (cosmic) REASON PRINCIPLE already was, and the Reason PRINCIPLE was with the Divine and the REASON PRINCIPLE was the DIVINE." That can be squared with all schools of Greek philosophy-save Skepticism and Epicurean materialism. And without too much trouble with modern thinkers like Spinoza-whom Einstein followed. The Incarnation was more of a problem-for Greeks as well as Jews-but for different reasons. In any case it is based solely on Faith. Whereas the translation I provide is a rationalist intuition or what follows from a definition. Philosophy of course, not empirical Science either.
12:17 PM on 07/10/2012
Leave it to theists to take a statement made from a scientist and twist it for their own use. For the last time it isn't "the God particle", it is the "goddamn particle" because it was so difficult to find. Leon Lederman had to leave it at "God particle" by an editor in order to sell more books.
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Semprini
Stamp out and abolish redundancy
03:33 PM on 07/10/2012
Yes, and ironically the change in book title was so as to not offend, guess who, theists...
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catsanon
Humans... Such silly creatures.
08:55 PM on 07/11/2012
But of course.............
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ProofRequired
Taking back the human race, one believer at a time
11:45 AM on 07/10/2012
A diplomatic effort to appease the true believer that can't or won't (or both) understand the science that makes much of life possible today. It should be noted that 14 paragraphs were devoted to the Higgs Boson discovery, 13 in explanation of the science and reality and one toward the defense of theology. This is not a surprise, although it borders on funny. The question that cannot be ignored when reading about amazing scientific discovery is this: what will be left of faith when everything is understood? We are far from that day, but oh what a grand day it will be.