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Klaus Schwab

Klaus Schwab

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Challenge for Global Cooperation

Posted: 05/20/11 08:55 AM ET

The state of the world is fraught with unprecendented imbalances and tremendous risks, and institutions are struggling to keep up with the changing times.

From a lack of progress on international trade and climate change negotiations to challenges involved in meeting energy and food security and the Millennium Development Goals, we are witnessing a number of failures in international governance. Moreover, the 2008-2009 global financial crisis starkly illustrated the systemic nature of risks, demonstrating how the integration of financial and trade markets quickly transmit turbulence in one economy regionally and internationally.

A major reason for the recent crisis was the belief that evolved in the exuberant economic climate beforehand, where free markets can self-regulate and that the purpose of business is purely to make a profit. This belief has created a huge shift in the balance of power to the shareholder and the financial community at the expense of other stakeholders.

While globalization has brought vastly improved economic welfare for hundreds of millions of people, billions more are still being left behind as economic inequality reaches epic proportions. Today, about 1.75 billion live in what the UN calls "multidimensional poverty", with acute deprivation in health, education and standard of living. Such inequities are not sustainable without social repercussions. We need to devise a way to address the social impacts of globalization. We must demonstrate that the free flow of goods and capital does not develop to the detriment of the most vulnerable segments of the population.

Although as a global society we have never been more interlinked and interdependent, there is a paradox in how the more globalized our world and systems have become, the more "localized" and self-centered we have become. What we are experiencing is not only a wake-up call to rethink our global institutions and systems but, above all, our ability to think long term and not just to the next quarterly report.

We must rethink our traditional notions of economic growth and global competitiveness by not only focusing on growth rates and market penetration, but equally, if not more importantly, assessing the quality of economic growth. How is growth achieved? How sustainable is it and at what cost to the environment? How are the gains distributed? And, as a consequence of such growth, what has become of the family and community fabric as well as the society's culture and heritage? The time has come to embrace a more holistic approach to global economic development.

China's "harmonious society" has reflected this approach, which shifts the country's primary focus from a purely economic growth model to a more balanced one that addresses such social issues as the gap between rich and poor, widespread environmental degradation, and government and corporate corruption. China's growth not only has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty in a relatively short period of time, but also has emerged as the world's second largest economy, with its foreign exchange reserves topping $3 trillion.

But with China's newly found position as well as the rise of other emerging economies comes new responsibilities and the urgent need for better cooperation, especially when it comes to such transnational problems as resource and energy scarcity, climate change and environmental degradation; all are interdependent and inter-related.

The world has become more interconnected than ever before, linked through information and communication technologies and increased movement of people as well as economically through record trade and capital flows. Our systems -- from financial to communications to supply chains -- are also increasingly intertwined. As a result, global challenges cannot be met by individual governments, businesses or any other organizations alone. In a complex, fast-driven, interconnected world, we need a platform for cooperation involving all stakeholders of global society to work together.

The most decisive success factors to accomplish this will be the ability to anticipate, manage and mitigate risk. To respond better to global risks, the World Economic Forum has created a Risk Response Network based on the knowledge and partnerships my organization has created over the years. The network is a unique platform for global decision-makers to better understand, manage and respond to complex and interdependent risks. It will bring a rigorous approach to understanding the complexity of risks that face corporate, government and civil society leaders, and will provide tools enabling them to better mitigate risks and capture associated opportunities.

Our only way out is the stakeholder concept. This means that the pursuit of our own interests can only be substantially realized by incorporating the interests of all those with whom we have a mutually dependent relationship. This is true on all levels, and in any capacity in which we take decisions: family life, society, business or politics.

Klaus Schwab is the Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum.

 
 
 
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12:45 PM on 05/24/2011
cooperation is critical to survival. look at a flock of birds...... school of fish..... herd of.........
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
10:29 AM on 05/24/2011
Proposal: Global Labor Unions
In order to have an equal seat at the negotiating tables, workers need to form a global alliance, a global labor union in this modern age of global corporations.
Workers of the world need to unite. Only with worldwide solidarity can we contend with the powerful global capitalists!
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
10:25 AM on 05/24/2011
I agree wit Klaus, the free markets cannot regulate themselves, it is self-evident.
One of it's products is the loss of the middle class, and a massive lowering of wages and the average standard of living. He goes on to say - "This belief has created a huge shift in the balance of power to the shareholder and the financial community at the expense of other stakeholders."
Yes, there are many other stakeholders than just the shareholders of stocks. This has created a Wall Street centric world that is a false reality. Only a few benefit from it.
We need to replace the failed "free market" ideology with a real "fair market" system that works for the majority of Americans.
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TheGreatRenewal
We're living a Great Renewal
10:55 AM on 05/23/2011
So ... we are NOT 'stakeholders' ... We are citizens! We expect our governments to enact 'governance' and make certain that business serves us. Instead we've twisted the word 'cooperation' to imply that corporations can control us and governments should get out of the way.

I'm pissed off that the type of Free Market that has been imposed on all the world's citizens has been absolutely shocking and devastating. There has been NO reason why this particular model was adopted because it took no interest in the environment or our humanity at all ... but only focused on 'stakeholders' as 'shareholders' who now are other corporations.

We are not 'stakeholders'. We are global citizens and our first responsibility is to clean up the mess!

Time for a Great Renewal.
07:23 PM on 05/22/2011
Stakeholderism is deeply flawed manipulation:

"Our only way out is the stakeholder concept. This means that the pursuit of our own interests can only be substantially realized by incorporating the interests of all those with whom we have a mutually dependent relationship."

Pursue the interests of others instead of your own, recommends the stakeholderist.

"This is true on all levels, and in any capacity in which we take decisions: family life, society, business or politics."

Thus state pursues the interests of others, id est a definition of policy corruption.
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OMEGA MAN
A wise man learns from the mistakes of others.
11:22 AM on 05/22/2011
The wealthy mathematic­ally simply cannot buy enough by themselves­. If income is not distribute­d widely, economies suffer in total. If you flatten the income curve by pushing money down the ladder, you eventually create deep demand. In an indebted society there is a lag because much of the income is used to pay down debt first. Which should be supported by creditors because they won't have to take as many write downs.

With globalizat­ion labor remains cheap, and free markets have no pressure to widely distribute income.
Under this scenario the pie cannot grow. It is in fact a case where reducing the number of billionair­es does increase the pie. Or looked at the other way, decreasing the number of impoverish­ed does increase the pie.

The West's hegemony came about because of a huge explosion of income distributi­on, concurrent with advances in science and production capability­.

In today's global economy, there isn't a sufficient explosion of income distributi­on in the East, where production has exploded fueled by income from the West.

We're facing the friction of Eastern societies, (for the most part), where production has exploded but where the societies have poor methods of income distributi­on.

The economic pie cannot grow without wide income distributi­on. Not the other way around.
03:13 AM on 05/22/2011
When the votes for the 2012 election are counted Americans will have rejected globalism in favor of economic nationalisn.
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bjoyful
We need 21st century thinking!
02:07 PM on 05/21/2011
Thank you Mr. Schwab. Please, please go communicate this to Wall Street and the world. Your article reflects the values we all need for the 21st century, and these are the values President Barack Obama is trying to communicate. Unfortunately, many won't accept them from him, but with your name and stature, and unfortunately in the case of America, because you are white, which seems to legitimize things for people here, they will listen to you without ill intent. Your voice is important, please let it ring.
01:37 PM on 05/21/2011
A holistic approach does not mean inclusive, however. And the World Economic Forum is hardly an inclusive organization. It focuses on leaders, and the formation of a leadership class (or caste) for the future. It is not oriented helping toward people become more upwardly mobile, rather to keep wealth at the top of economic pyramid and any that trickles down being a consequence of that, not the result of any sort of new deal, or social contract. It is the people who represent the risks to be managed. And the harmony that Herr Schwab mentions regarding China is a propganda vision. The reality in China is that conformity (some would call harmony) is achieved through repression.
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05:16 AM on 05/22/2011
I don't think that people whose aim is caste propaganda choose the kind of language employed in this article.

Think about it. Not even a liberal or progressive presidential hopeful in the US political climate would dare that.
09:53 AM on 05/21/2011
Dear Klaus, very interesting issue and opinion. All these concerns are on the foundations of the Wolrd Economic Forum. An independent platform more than important for the world. I'm a keen supporter of it. so I encourage you to go ahead with its mission. Anyway, we can also see this issue from more than one perspective (all of them interconnected). If you want, you can read something I wrote in relation to this:

http://fernandodesouza.wordpress.com/2011/03/21/the-new-economic-order-its-potential-impact-on-world-poverty/

Best wishes:
Fernando de Souza
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Rita R
Always asking why
02:41 PM on 05/21/2011
Fabulous op-ed, Fernando! "In any case, the West has lost control of the ‘game’." You've brilliantly summarized the globalization ideology.
05:56 PM on 05/21/2011
Very kind from you Rita. I´m starting to use this platform, so just trying to understand it. Best regards: Fernando
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
08:09 AM on 05/21/2011
Great article, very fair treatment of our issues today.
Ever since the neo-cons came up with their free market ideology it has "created a huge shift in the balance of power to the shareholder and the financial community at the expense of other stakeholders."
It is a failed ideology that disrespects all other stakeholders. The sooner that can be admitted to, the sooner we can solve our problems.
My idea is to expand the power of labor unions globally. We need global labor unions, and global solidarity, in order to properly negotiate fair deals with global corporations.
01:15 AM on 05/21/2011
3. "China's "harmonious society" has reflected this [more holistic] approach [to global economic development]." While China has experienced rapid economic growth under neoliberalization, it has done so at the cost of: (1) dispossessing the peasantry and pushing it into cities for wage labor under brutally exploitative conditions, (2) massive environmental degradation, (3) violent repression of free speech and social movements. It is patently absurd to hold up China as the exemplar of the "new" approach to economic development that you are advocating.
01:08 AM on 05/21/2011
Dear Mr. Schwab:

I appreciate your call for cooperation and incorporating the interests of stakeholders in decision making. However, I do have some criticisms of what you are saying:

1. "We must demonstrate that the free flow of goods and capital does not develop to the detriment of the most vulnerable segments of the population." While India and China are exceptions, the global downward trend in GDP growth rates since the 80s demonstrate the failure of market fundamentalism to achieve its purported goals. Moreover, it is now well known that IMF and World Bank-imposed neoliberalization are part of a coordinated strategy between dominant states and financial institutions to extract profit from "developing" nations with typically disastrous social and economic consequences for the victims.

2. The largest financial institutions already understand "complex and interdependent risks." Why? Because they engineered those risks in the first place. Inducing crises through neoliberalization and financial fraud is a tried and true strategy of the Washington-Wall Street-IMF complex. One only has to look at East Asia in the late 90s and the US right now to see the painfully obvious truth.
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05:19 AM on 05/22/2011
No, the largest financial institutions don't understand complex and interdependent risks. They may have created some or much of them. But that doesn't mean they understand them.

That's the crux of the matter of complexity.
12:10 AM on 05/23/2011
On the contrary, Goldman Sachs anticipated the imminent collapse of the market for mortgage-backed securities. For that reason, they made billion of dollars from betting short on the very same securities that they were marketing their clients. In fact, a Senate subcommittee investigation discovered the phrase "net short" 3,400 times in Goldman Sachs documents. See http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/04/18/goldman-spins-away-from-success/

Now, 98% of the ratings of CDOs and MBSs were paid for by the issuers of those securities. The rating agencies also advised said issuers on how to achieve the highest ratings. See http://www.uiowa.edu/ifdebook/issues/financial_crisis/posters/Amanda%20Final%20Draft.pdf

Now, you tell me what's going on here: a financial institution collaborates and literally pays credit rating agencies to provide high ratings on its MBSs. Said financial institution then takes short positions on the same securities, expecting their value to fall at the same time that they are marketing those securities to their clients. Said financial institution then makes billions of dollars because the MBSs they sold to their clients have collapsed in value.

The game plan is obvious.
12:48 AM on 05/21/2011
Here's a look into the future of globalization and corporate consolidation:

http://itstrueitellya.blogspot.com/2011/04/corporate-acquisition-appears-imminent.html
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11:56 PM on 05/20/2011
  This article is not clear.  What is clear is the dangerous, outrageous faiure of mercantelistic trade. We are now beginning to recognize the captivity of the Western nations by corrupt banks and currency manipulation while mercantelistic power is dangerously close to creating a regionally dominated hegemony of the entire world.  Besides famine, pestilence grinding poverty and idleness I fear revolutions and spreading wars of aggression to take farmland, water, raw materials and other nations' women.
05:08 AM on 05/21/2011
When America was undergoing its industrial revolution we managed to grow without a massive rich market to dump goods on and foreign industries to displace. However, over the last 50 years, after some successful examples of the Asian export model, international trade is being used more and more to drive domestic growth rather than to complement it at the expense of industries and social stability in the importing nations. Most people would rather live in a society with more expensive products but relatively high equality like we experienced decades ago than a society with cheap products and but unemployment/low equality like we're moving toward now. To think anything other than the self-interests of the worlds elite and merchantile regimes would be the result of unrestricted globalization is pure foolishness.

There are plenty of signals that a breakdown in global trade as we know it and reversal of globalization is coming. At the lower levels the voices in favor of localization and sustainability are growing stronger. At the upper levels nations are moving to sign bilateral FTAs to form smaller restricted preferential trade areas in anticipation of the WTO losing relevance in world affairs. When TAFTA starts to gain traction it will pretty much be assure the era of WTO-style global trade is over. Rising energy/commodity prices will only push the move to more localization faster.
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08:45 AM on 05/21/2011
 F & F.  The trading revolution ofthe last 30 years has created  a Western world of mostly welfare citizens waiting for their next meal and the Far East waiting for the total collapse and world hegemony. International trade, unless fairly regulated, becomes a winner takes-all disaster for most of humanity.
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Scott Leland
10:51 AM on 05/21/2011
Yes, there has been too much "Globalization" and we need to return to an Americanization of the production of basic items like clothes and shoes that could provide employment for the millions of immigrants that are permanent legal residents and are underutilized in the present economy.

http://redwriteblue.blog.com/2011/02/11/where-are-americas-jobs