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Kristin Kirkpatrick, M.S., R.D., L.D.

Kristin Kirkpatrick, M.S., R.D., L.D.

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Food Labels: Do You Know What's in Your Food?

Posted: 12/16/10 08:11 AM ET

Think back to what you had for dinner last night. Try to remember everything on your plate -- the protein, the carbohydrates and the fat. Now ask yourself -- where did it all come from? If you had a vegetable, do you know if it came from a farm near your house or perhaps did it travel hundreds, even thousands of miles to make it into your grocery store? If you had chicken, do you know if it grazed outdoors or was locked up? If your food came from a box, did you read the label first and if so, did you understand all the ingredients? The fact is most of us either don't know or don't want to know where our food comes from. To many of us, food is something that can be found in a box, thrown in the microwave and consumed in front of the TV. Two questions I encourage everyone to ask when they sit down for a meal or snack are: 1. Where did my food come from and 2. Is it a whole food or is it processed?

What is food and where is it coming from?

Celebrated author Michael Pollan once said that if food came from a plant, eat it and if it was made in a plant, do not. Although humorous, this phrase sums up the current state of our food industry. Pollan's advice actually has widespread implications and examines the very question: What is food? A strong argument could be made that even though processed foods may begin as whole food, it is altered in such a way that the end result does not even resemble food.

Advances in science have allowed the food industry to evolve -- making food easier and cheaper to grow and with more desirable characteristics in terms of shelf life and freshness. These advances sometimes cost you as well. Consider the average cracker on the market today. It has on average eight or more ingredients, several of which are additives for taste, color or shelf life. Additionally, the cracker is most likely made with refined non-whole grains and will cause a rapid rise in blood sugar and insulin followed by a rapid fall. This rise and fall may cause you to be hungry again soon and overall less satisfied. It also may contribute to inflammation if foods such as the cracker are typical in your diet.

Finally, that cracker may be loaded with saturated fats, trans fats (hydrogenated oils) and a whopping amount of sodium. All of these put you at risk for heart disease, stroke and hypertension. Think about it, that's just your cracker -- what else are you eating throughout the day that has numerous ingredients, many of which you don't have a clue even what they are?

The Encyclopedia Britannica defines food processing as the following: Any of a variety of operations by which raw foodstuffs are made suitable for consumption, cooking or storage. Food processing generally includes the basic preparation of foods, the alteration of a food product into another form (as in making preserves from fruit), and preservation and packaging techniques.

White bread is made by taking a fabulous piece of wheat and stripping it of the bran and the germ; two components responsible for providing fiber and B vitamins. What's left is the endosperm. In this example, food (wheat) has been stripped to make something else (white bread).

The loaf of white bread and box of crackers are just two examples of many where food has been processed to the point where it does not even resemble the original form. Other than boxed or bagged whole grain pasta, rice or bread, try to get all your foods from sources that are minimally processed or better yet, have undergone no processing at all. In other words, try and consume whole foods as much as possible.

"Whole" foods are foods that have not been processed or altered prior to "packaging" and may include meat, poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, seeds and nuts. Meat, poultry and fish that are considered "whole" are those that were provided natural feed (grass as opposed to corn for a cow), provided amble space and humane living conditions, and void of antibiotics, hormones or coloring. Plant-based foods are the most easily identifiable whole foods available for consumption. For example, I like having a handful of walnuts every day. This whole food provides a great source of ALA omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium and phosphorus. In addition, walnuts provide four grams of protein and two grams of fiber per serving. These benefits are produced in nature, by the plant -- not in a plant.

Decoding the Current Food Label
Many of us are concerned about how many calories we are consuming and we sometimes get so fixated on those calories that we begin to lose sight of the quality of those calories. In addition, the aisles in the grocery store are filled with confusing health claims, often making the food label a foreign language. First, foods that do not have a label are usually the healthiest. Your local produce section would top this list with all of its cancer fighting phytochemicals. None of the items here will have a label. The more ingredients a food has, the higher the chances that it has been processed.

Additionally, I take my Lifestyle 180 participants to the grocery store and show them how to shop. I ask them to avoid food that lists any of the following among the first five ingredients:

  • Saturated fats (on labels most would be displayed as plant based saturated fats such as palm or cottonseed oils).
  • Trans fat (anything containing partially hydrogenated oils).
  • Simple sugars and syrups such as high fructose corn syrup, cane juice, honey, etc.
Simple carbohydrates.
  • If sodium is above 600 mg per serving, put it down (you should limit your sodium consumption to 1500mg to 2300mg daily).
  • If the ingredient label contains several words you can't pronounce, it means it's full of food additives and most likely not good for you.

The grocery store can be a confusing place filled with front of package claims meant to disguise foods high in fat and sugar as "healthy." Following these simple tips may help you on your way toward being a more savvy food shopper.

 

Follow Kristin Kirkpatrick, M.S., R.D., L.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/ClevelandClinic

Think back to what you had for dinner last night. Try to remember everything on your plate -- the protein, the carbohydrates and the fat. Now ask yourself -- where did it all come from? If you had ...
Think back to what you had for dinner last night. Try to remember everything on your plate -- the protein, the carbohydrates and the fat. Now ask yourself -- where did it all come from? If you had ...
 
 
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12:55 PM on 12/20/2010
At work we're conducting a holiday food experiment based on Michael Pollan's tenant, "eat only foods that rot." A portion of our food, left over from our holiday party/meal 15 days ago, is rotting away in a box in our office (yes, at times it is as unpleasant as it sounds.) Some of the rotting contents are local and organic while some are highly processed. It's quite interesting and strange to watch the decomposing process: www.rottenchristmas.com
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MikeyJaii
Free $$ For Everyone.
06:46 PM on 12/19/2010
Plain & Simple : It comes from factories where worker don't care how it's produced. The food is injected with a whole bunch of worthless chemicals.
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purenergy
03:44 AM on 12/18/2010
Saturated fats are not unhealthy. Butter, Lard, Coconut oil, and Palm oil are all healthy fats important for maintaining a proper metabolism and cell function. http://www.ajcn.org/content/early/2010/01/13/ajcn.2009.27725.abstract
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BLACKCAT66
A realist with a rich inner life
11:47 AM on 12/18/2010
Good news for my bacon addiction (nitrate free of course)....the key in any fat is moderation.
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11:51 PM on 12/19/2010
the main problem is people generally consume saturated fats at a much higher level than other necessary fats leading to an imbalance.
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purenergy
09:32 AM on 12/20/2010
I disagree, the studies coming out now are all pointing to hydrogenated vegetable oils as well as poly unsaturated oils like sunflower/safflower, ect. as the main cause of arteriosclerosis and heart disease. When they look at the plaque inside arterial walls it is not made of saturated fat, its made of mono and poly unsaturated fats derived from vegetable oils. That, combined with the high levels of simple carbohydrates consumed by most Americans (which causes inflammation) is the "perfect storm" for creating systemic damage to your body.
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02:41 AM on 12/18/2010
Michael Pollan and Jamie Oliver have both said - start cooking! Great advice as you know what's in it.
Shopping mainly from the outer surround of the grocery store is a great way to increase the quality of what you're bringing home and eating.
11:15 AM on 12/17/2010
While trans fat has been linked with heart disease saturated fat has not .Two recent studies make that point one published in the AJCN found that '.....there is no significant evidence for concluding that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD...." www.ajcn.org/content/early/2010/01/13/ajcn.2009.27725.short Another done at Harvard found no connection between red meat intake and heart disease.
09:48 AM on 12/17/2010
Whats more alarming and not covered in this article is amount of food from china that is used in processed foods, I contacted all the major food processsors and to a corporation everyone of them would not disclose or even admit to the volume of food from china that they use, they all used the bureacratise answer that they "source worldwide for the highest quality ingredients" meaning cheapest to increase their profit margin. China can't be trusted to make childrens toys without high quantities of lead or even dog food without chemical poisonings in it, why should they be trusted with food for human consumption. Do you really think that american corporations can be trusted to tell the truth when it comes to their bottom line. Think again.
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Soule23
Anti-micro-biol
11:42 AM on 12/17/2010
What's even more shocking is that our food safety testing programs for imported foods are nonexistent or virtually nonexistent. I know a guy who works in a safety lab in the food industry, and he took three samples of Chinese asparagus to test them for microbial contamination, and all three tests came back positive for E. Coli. His employer rejected the asparagus and reported the incident to USDA/FDA, but they never followed up.
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CindyM272
09:47 AM on 12/17/2010
All the meat I consume comes either from my own animals or from my neighbor. Yes, even my holiday turkey :-)
We are aiming to be supermarket free in the next few years.
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Fred Butters
12:28 PM on 12/17/2010
You shouldn't eat your neighbors... that is called cannibalism, my dear children, and is in fact frowned upon in most societies.
09:44 AM on 12/17/2010
...and don't forget about all the chemicals that are used in "such small quantities" that the food laws do not require them to be included on the labels. Chemicals like taste enhancers, odor enhancers, texture enhancers. Even the "natural" and "organic" foods, if they are packaged, contain these. The suggestion to only eat recognizable food is worth considering.
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tlcpro
Work is not work when you love what you do.
08:50 AM on 12/17/2010
What about MSG? It has been associated with adverse medical conditions like migraine headaches. Why is it in just about every product on the shelves. My son is allergic to the stuff and preparing meals has been a nightmare every since this allergy was discovered. If there is MSG in what he eats, no matter how much or how little, by the time he gets up from the table, he has a headache.
09:40 AM on 12/17/2010
Look for labels that say "...natural flavoring" or "flavoring". MSG is packaged into food under many different names. Almost impossible to find by recognized name anymore.
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onionboy
Blessed are the Cheese Makers
02:59 PM on 12/17/2010
If he is truly allergic to MSG, you need to worry about more than just labels. It's a naturally occurring substance in many foods and is at high concentrations in just about any fermented food (eg, cheese). Seaweed has a lot of MSG too.

I don't have any problems with it personally.
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purenergy
03:33 AM on 12/18/2010
Hey, MSG is not found naturally. Free glutamates (the "active" ingredients in MSG) are naturally occurring in some plants/foods, but they do not interact with the body in the same way. That is kinds like saying chewing cocoa leaves and snorting a rail are the same thing, not really. http://www.truthinlabeling.org/manufac.html

But its correct, that some people are so sensitive they must avoid foods like mushrooms, tomatoes, and Parmesan cheese b/c they can induce a response. I have an MSG sensitivity, but have not had a problem with these foods.
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purenergy
02:13 PM on 12/20/2010
"telling them that naturally occurring MSG sources will not cause a reaction is unsafe advice"

I never told anyone that. I told you that just b/c you have an MSG sensitivity you are not necessarily going to react to naturally occurring glutamates (I don't). I never even addressed the the other posters. I also never mentioned the word salt, so I don't even know what that is all about.

The only points I have ever tried to make, is that MSG and free glutamates are not the same thing, nor do the metabolize similarly in the body. That's true...and

"MSG is manufactur­ed in a factory by autolizing (sp?) yeast that has been geneticall­y modified" it does not come from tomatoes, ect....also true.

Just correcting facts. I am making no political, moral, or ethical statements either.
02:33 AM on 12/17/2010
About 15 years ago I was diagnosed with multiple severe food allergies. Most of the things I'm allergic to fall into the category of "spices" and are not required to be listed separately on food labels. This means that 90% of what's sold in the average grocery store is off limits for me. Look at a food label sometime... if it says "spices" or "natural flavors" I can't have it.

When I was first diagnosed it was a crushing blow. I remember walking through aisle after aisle of the grocery store looking at all of the things I couldn't eat, not to mention eating out! But as the years have rolled on and I have come to see my condition as a blessing rather than a curse. I feel like it gave me the keys to escape the American diet. It's not always convenient to prepare every meal from scratch, but the benefits have been far reaching.

I now grow about 30% of my own food and what I can't grow I try to buy local and organic. I often hear people complain that they don't have time to cook or read labels... But it's not really a matter of having time or not, it's a matter of making it a priority in your life. I know I was forced into this lifestyle, but I can honeslty say that I wouldn't have it any other way. After all, what's more important than what you put into your body?
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sabelmouse
i love to tumble , ask me why .
07:22 AM on 12/17/2010
do you still have the spice allergy? the reason i am asking is that i developed one a few yers ago, then found out about a problem with my liver and after going on a fairly strickt wholefood diet cutting out all sorts of unhealthy things my spice allery is gone. i could probably drink tabasco now.
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purenergy
03:40 AM on 12/18/2010
I wonder if what you are allergic to is the MSG found in most industrial "spice" mixes. It can contain up to 75% MSG, a known allergen.

I have cut out industrial foods from my diet, have a garden of my own, and even a few chickens in the yard for fresh eggs. Your right, its about making it a priority in your life. People ask me how I can afford to eat "organic" and I say how can you afford NOT to? I don't like doctors and I don't want to get sick, the best way to avoid it, is to eat well...plain and simple. I always tell people, if they were really serious about their health they would find that extra money in their budget. When I suggest cutting out the Starbuck's, they cringe. Peace
03:19 PM on 12/18/2010
lol regarding the Starbucks comment! I'm jealous about the chickens. I would love to try it but it would require an insulated structure and lots of fencing to protect against the foxes, so I fear it isn't in the budget at the moment.

The MSG is an interesting thought, although I doubt that it would explain my allergies since I react to plain celery and on a skin prick test I swell up like a sweet potato when exposed to any of those herbs. But it is yet another reason to avoid MSG!
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12:18 PM on 12/20/2010
MSG is NOT an allergen (see above) But no one should be allergic to "spices" as a whole because that includes a wide range of plants--cinnamon does't have a lot in common with, say, basil. Since the OP is doing actually tests, maybe they are just lumping everything together vs. testing 101 different things because they have allergies to things that commonly occur in foods as spices (like celery powder) but I'm not an expert and an allergist is. Real allergies are nothing to mess around with.
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11:44 PM on 12/16/2010
Do I KNOW what's in the food I buy?
No and I strongly suspect the FDA, the USDA, and the rest of those regulatory agencies know either.

Probably chemicals and growth hormones. No wonder we're getting fatter.
11:31 PM on 12/16/2010
No food label is complete unless it includes the Glycemic Index Number. That would be a big help for people trying to find healthy foods.

http://www.glycemicindex.com/
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knightoftheroundtable
Old Knight without porfolio or armor
09:31 PM on 12/16/2010
I prefer the taste of processed foods. Besides all the salt helps preserve the body.
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Joe3245
Now thinking outside of THE BOX.
02:02 AM on 12/17/2010
Substitute sea salt then, and just salt it up with that, its full of delicious minerals.
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Lawson Meadows
Plant in your kids, the seeds of greatness!
02:18 AM on 12/17/2010
Knight-around-the-table,

LOL - Apparently salt makes your funny bone grow... -[;-)
I have only one comment... Bologna!

Lawson Meadows
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04:33 PM on 12/17/2010
Fried, on white bread, with ketchup. Mmmmm
07:21 PM on 12/16/2010
I agreed with you that food labels should be more comprehensive.

However, even if you attach a PHD thesis to a bag of potato chips, many people would still substitute it for dinner. The problem, it seems, is that few people care what they put in their mouths.
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Soule23
Anti-micro-biol
11:46 AM on 12/17/2010
Part of the problem is that unhealthy food is subsidized, while healthy food is not. That's why it's cheaper to buy a bag of potato chips (fried in corn oil) than a head of broccoli or a twinkie (corn, wheat, and soy) than an apple.
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Chas53
07:17 PM on 12/16/2010
Just eat food without labels.
02:20 AM on 12/17/2010
My thoughts exactly! If it needs a label that's your first clue that you shouldn't be eating it!