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Kristin Kirkpatrick, M.S., R.D., L.D.

Kristin Kirkpatrick, M.S., R.D., L.D.

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Is Your Neighborhood Making You Fat?

Posted: 02/ 1/11 08:06 AM ET

Is your neighborhood making you fat? According to several studies, it just might be. Most individuals know that the keys to good health are a combination of good nutrition, regular physical activity, stress management and genetics. Nutrition and regular physical activity, however, can take a back seat when your environment is one in which access to healthy foods -- or even safe sidewalks -- are almost impossible to find.

A recent study in the Journal of Planning Education and Research found that women who lived closer to a convenience store than a grocery store were more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI). To understand why this association was identified, it may be important to look at the overall availability of food at your local convenience store or gas station. Gas stations, movie theatres, the ball park, and even your local mall's food court are areas that offer what I refer to as "secondary dining." The main goal of these food establishments is to provide a service or entertain you; not to feed you nutritiously. These places rely on food that can be prepared quickly and conveniently using salt, fat and sugar to enhance flavor and taste rather than fresh produce, healthy fats and spices.

For example, consider the offerings at convenience store. You walk in and can choose from a variety of calorie-dense, nutritionally sparse foods such as breakfast sandwiches, pastries and muffins, chips, candy, cookies, ice cream, sugary sodas, juices and frozen drinks, as well as a smorgasbord of prepared hot items like pizza, hot dogs and wings. At first glance, the most nutritious food you're likely to find at most is coffee and that assumes you don't add a flavored creamer or sugar. Although some convenience stores have started providing fresh fruit, smoothies and salads, they are not common in most neighborhoods. Even if they are available, these items are often priced out of range for most of their consumers.

For most of us, convenience stores are just that: a place of convenience. A place to go if we need a gallon of milk or to satisfy a chocolate craving. It's not a place where we shop for our groceries. But, for some, a convenience store is a grocery store. The nearest actual grocery store might be 10 miles away which, if transportation is not available, makes it pretty difficult to patronize. For individuals in this predicament -- many of which are included in the aforementioned study -- it is not surprising that their BMIs are higher than average.

So what, realistically, can be done? Currently, many local and national organizations are working towards providing better access to affordable, healthy foods in areas like the one I described above -- areas commonly referred to as "food deserts." You can help, too. If you know someone with limited access to healthy food or if the scenario described in this blog describes your situation, consider taking some or all of these steps:

1) Become a community advocate and encourage others to join you in your mission. Research existing stores within the area and communicate with store owners to determine if opportunities exist to offer more fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

2) Find out who your city planners are and schedule visits with them to discuss better options in your neighborhood. Identify and contact farmers market vendors to determine if they are able to set up a farmers market in your community.

3) Gather residents together to plan a community garden. Click here for steps on getting started.

4) Think about starting a community supported agriculture (CSA) program or find one near you by clicking here.

5) Finally, if possible, find transportation or carpool options that can bring you to large grocery stores every few months. Once there, you can purchase frozen fruits and vegetables, as well as other foods that freeze well (such as whole-grain breads and lean meats like chicken or turkey breast). You can also purchase and easily store non-perishable items that give you ultimate nutritional bang for your buck such as beans (all varieties), brown rice, and whole grain cereals and crackers.

But food deserts are only part of the problem. Many U.S. neighborhoods have limited access to "active living" environments -- places where individuals can exercise safely. New York City is taking a lead by starting active urban design initiatives in which they partner with several departments of design as well as leading architectural firms to create spaces that encourage physical activity.

The great part is that New York City is not alone in this effort. Many other communities throughout the United States are following their lead, including places in Ohio. I asked David Pauer, founder of Active Living Ohio, why creating an environment that fosters active living is so important. He stated that "for those of us who can't get to a gym on a regular basis, a walkable and bike-able community can provide the daily opportunity to burn calories and get the physical activity that is so important for overall health." Pauer suggests getting involved with local initiatives aimed at creating such environments. To see what your community is doing, visit www.activelivingbydesign.org/communities.

The problem of limited healthy food availability and active living environments is not just a problem for our civic leaders and the government. We're all responsible.

What will you do to improve it?

 

Follow Kristin Kirkpatrick, M.S., R.D., L.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/ClevelandClinic

Is your neighborhood making you fat? According to several studies, it just might be. Most individuals know that the keys to good health are a combination of good nutrition, regular physical activity, ...
Is your neighborhood making you fat? According to several studies, it just might be. Most individuals know that the keys to good health are a combination of good nutrition, regular physical activity, ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tom Hendricks
see wikipedia
09:40 PM on 02/05/2011
My opinion is that it goes much deeper than neighborhoods.
New ideas suggest that breast feeding may be the key to both overweight and underweight problems.The lack of at least one year of breast feeding for infants is causing both overweight and underweight problems across the world.
Weaning sets up a food in and waste out pattern - probably in the ENS, Enteric Nervous System, that subconsciously programs us for our lives. If there is not enough breast milk before that weaning period - the infant will be 'hungry' from then on. He will move toward food and become overweight. The overriding emotion is Anger
If the weaning is too soon such that the child's digestion system can't handle the new non-breast milk, solids, then the child will always be 'too full' (of food he can't yet digest) from then on. He will move away from food and become underweight. The overriding emotion is Fear.
Time to promote one year of breast feeding for all mothers in all countries.
this should be easy to test.
"Before 1900, most mothers breastfed their infants. Breastfeeding rates declined sharply worldwide after 1920, when evaporated cow's milk and infant formula became widely available. These were promoted as being more convenient for mothers and more nutritious than human milk." - faqs.org

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This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
05:50 PM on 02/03/2011
Well, it certainly isn't me so it must be my neighborhood's fault!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MG Metiva
For Great Justice, I shall post.
05:35 AM on 02/03/2011
Yes, a neighborhood can also make people fat by having lots of parties with both food and alcohol, too much fried chicken and pizza stores, and being in the South doesn't help.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Chas53
socialtalker
this micro-bio is a great idea!
05:47 PM on 02/02/2011
when i have driven out to the really good neighborhoods i am struck by how many health clubs and fancy health food stores there are. i have to catch two buses for the nearest health store, although the grocery store is one bus ride away.
09:51 AM on 02/02/2011
I'd beg to differ on a point in this article. At least in my home state Wisconsin, the vast majority of convenient stores are more or less mini-supermarkets. Especially Kwik-Trip and Mega Marts/Foods. They always carry the convenient store stuff, sure, donuts, pizza, etc, but they also carry fresh fruits, veggies, juices, and healthier options like Oatmeal bars and plain oatmeal, yogurt, etc. And since Kwik-Trips are all over Wisconsin as are Mega-foods convenient stores I'd say that every town has at least two of them and that 3/5 convenient stores and gas stations are probably a Kwik-trip or Mega-food convenience store.

I really think that the statistics are lopsided in this article, representing only a small section of the US or even specific cities. And of course it blames a neighborhood for one's health rather than the person. Which is rather silly.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Fuddgate
Some assembly required
06:00 AM on 02/02/2011
Suburbia is a perfect setup for a zero walking lifestyle. I ride a bicycle to the store and can only carry what will fit in a backpack. Everyone else fills their carts with 150KG of stuff. It makes sense to reduce the number of trips to save petro dollars, but 20 liters of soda and 10 bags of doritos per trip is extreme. Frozen wages and rapidly escalating gas prices will throw a wrench in this status quo for sure. Those giant SUV's still rule the roads. They are hardly sustainable......
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CountLeo
It's a rich language - learn to use it.
01:06 AM on 02/02/2011
This exemplifies why the soft 'sciences' bug me so much. What ever your addiction or choice you have to grab it and stick in your mouth. You get a 'higher BMI' by sticking more stuff into your mouth than your body needs. It's called overeating and neither the gas station, Walmart, nor the box store that sells Twinkies by the pound are to blame. If you don't want to be fat then eat less and exercise more. If you don't like what's on TV don't watch. If you don't like what's on the radio don't listen. It's really that easy.
02:45 AM on 02/02/2011
Nope, it is called buying cheap crap, full with chemicals that makes you fat when you can't afford fresh and good food or getting the healthy fresh organic food in rich neighborhoods..
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CountLeo
It's a rich language - learn to use it.
02:21 PM on 02/02/2011
No way. Is there a healthy soul in 'poor neighborhoods?' Does anyone outside of Orange County exercise? For the cost of a bag of chips that I can eat in a night watching reruns on the tube I can buy a bag of rice and feed my family for two or three meals. I repeat - You Have to Put it In Your Mouth. When you do that you hav taken the responsibility for your health.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MG Metiva
For Great Justice, I shall post.
05:36 AM on 02/03/2011
It's called filling an empty pit in one's soul.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Stewart Goss
Evil requires the sanction of the victim -Ayn Rand
01:05 AM on 02/02/2011
Cool. Who can I sue because my neighborhood makes me fat? LOLOLOLO.
LittleGirl
Everything happens for a reason
01:40 PM on 02/01/2011
And you why don't you just say it, poor people eat at convenience stores and that's why they are fat but someone educated wouldn't touch that stuff unless they were desperate and hungry.

We have a huge educational problem in this country that's not getting discussed.
Why don't the schools teach kids how to cook?
Or balance a bank checkbook?
Or sew?
Or how to grow food?
Because that's just too logical?
11:28 AM on 02/02/2011
That is for the parents to do, not the schools. Give me a break - now schools have to teach kids how to cook. I guess as Mrs. Obama said, parents can,t handle this.
LittleGirl
Everything happens for a reason
09:17 AM on 02/03/2011
I wasn't blaming parents for not doing their job. Most of the parents I know are really struggling with very little money and they are EDUCATED. What I meant is that the curriculum is about passing the test, yet the kids aren't taught to cook (feed themselves), grow their own food or make their own clothes because instead of teaching them how to sustain themselves, we teach for the test. Lighten up.
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Catch22isms
Schizo-political
01:36 PM on 02/01/2011
Everybody else is eating crap while sitting on their fat-, so why shouldn't I?!?! It's easier to assign it than take it, but really, can we just have a study that just says "if you're fat, it's because of you" instead of everybody else?
02:50 AM on 02/02/2011
Not quite, the fat neighborhoods tend to be poor, and the fit ones at least middle class or rich.. the inner cities don't even have supermarkets, people there buy cheap processed food full with chemicals in convenience stores..or Taco Bell with the sandfilled "beef" but lots of calories..
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MG Metiva
For Great Justice, I shall post.
05:39 AM on 02/03/2011
The "beef" is filled with...bean paste!
01:09 PM on 02/01/2011
What ever happened to livable, walkable, sustainable communities where
children and adults could walk or ride a bicycle to the school, store, work or play?

With the price of oil rising and transportation costs increasing driving everywhere will
get expensive. THe last time oil went to $147/barrel people were parking their truck
and SUV and were looking for high mileage vehicles. How soon we forget.

As energy costs rise so will everything else. Energy is a component in producing
and transporting everything. From food, shelter, clothing and everything else the world
economy was built on cheap energy.

We are in for a change as prices rise.

We may start to buy electric, hybrid or flex-fuel vehicles that use less energy.
We may use more public transportation like trains, busses, trolleys and pedicabs.
We may begin to cherish those bicycle paths that allow us a safe place to ride or walk
to school, work or play.

As the price of oil goes up so will the cost of food.

We need to look at creating sustainable communities where food, products and energy
are produced locally. Wind, solar, geothermal, wave energy and second generation biofuels
can all be produced locally with local jobs keeping the money in the local economy.

.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
c-tom
Badges we don't need no stinking badges
04:21 PM on 02/01/2011
"What ever happened to livable, walkable, sustainabl­e communitie­s where children and adults could walk or ride a bicycle to the school, store, work or play?"
Population growth. There are more than twice as many people in the US today then there were when I was born.
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WoodsideCraig
Author of the blog "The Weiler Psi"
06:37 PM on 02/01/2011
Big box retailers spread farther apart requiring larger shopping trips is what happened. Small family businesses have been squeezed mercilessly.

In Germany, these small businesses are protected by laws that prevent big retailers from overwhelming them. Not here. We wanted cheap, we got cheap.
12:41 PM on 02/01/2011
One word.

Paris.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
kyeshinka
12:29 PM on 02/01/2011
The neighborhood may be a factor, but it's not the main reason for obesity. If you want to look good and, you'll find a way. If you live in the burbs, you'll find some exercise equipment and a sidewalk. If you live in the city, you'll walk to work. It's not that hard. Americans have been living in cities and suburbs for some time, but only recently is obesity a problem. Why? It's not some thyroid problem or some disease that causes us to consume more; 30% of Americans can't have the same made-up disease that's only been around for a decade! And it certainly isn't one that somehow affects us and nobody in Europe or Asia.
It's very simple. It's about self-respect. Americans have none anymore. We've given up being leaders in industry and technology and education. We've lost the respect of the world, and we're finally realizing it. Now we don't respect ourselves anymore. There is a feeling of hopelessness that comes after any study that shows how far this nation has fallen, in health care (45th), education (in the 20s) and even wealth distribution (worse than Egypt). And many of us are out of work, thereby making it more expensive to buy decent food. Instead, we head to the Olive Garden and fill our bellies with processed cheese and fat that promise to make our last 10 years our lives quite painful. When our best days are behind us, who cares what we look like?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
InVinoVeritasBC
Ask yourself why...
01:04 PM on 02/01/2011
Yes, why do you care? Good question. If someone wants to be fat, let them.
02:52 AM on 02/02/2011
I doubt people want to be fat, it is the food like chemicals they eat, instead of healthy food.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ringo3khan
01:40 PM on 02/01/2011
Interesting comment; but it's not only about "self-respect"; it's about the realization many have that the future has moved away from them, left them in the dust. It's about the realization that all of the promises were false; that all of the debates and discussions and arguments about politics are utterly pointless in a country with a worthless currency and a broken system of government. The real truth is that a great many people simply don't "believe" anymore. And that's why so few even watch the evening news anymore.......it's all a load of crap they've heard before. That's why they don't watch or care about the SOTU address; it's all blabber and balderdash; another campaign speech. So, have another piece of cake while the rich politicians and their fat cat bankster buddies figure out how to re-arrange the deck chairs on the Titanic.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
BlueZoo
Independent voter, Independent thinker!
12:28 PM on 02/01/2011
If your idea of eating out is a gas station or convenience store, you have more problems than the neighborhood in which you live can solve! Nobody forces you to eat out anywhere. It's your choice. If you're fat, it isn't the neighborhood forcing food down your gullet that is to blame! Please!
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Larry Cohen
Executive Director, Prevention Institute
04:59 PM on 02/01/2011
I don't think people choose to eat at a gas station, but in many food deserts across the country, people have no where else to buy their food--many neighborhoods don't have a supermarket, and so people are limited by what's available close by. And, when a bag of chips costs less than a bag of oranges, people on limited incomes again aren't really choosing. We don't choose what's on our shelves and we don't set the prices for what's there.
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babybecks
"because I am involved in Mankind;"
10:44 PM on 02/01/2011
Thank you for contributing common sense to this board. Some of these comments are unbelievable really
02:34 AM on 02/02/2011
F&F! There is a neighborhood not too far from where I live that is cut off by the freeway. It is considered "the ghetto". It has NO supermarket. Only liquor stores. I would sometimes see women pushing shopping carts across the overpass where there is no sidewalk. Sometimes. A lot of the people there don't have cars, women stay home and watch the kids. They ARE cut off and too poor to get to and shop at the nearest grocery store. Choice? The only way to get out is by car. This isn't a place for people.
02:56 AM on 02/02/2011
I don't think people buy food in convenience stores because that is their idea of eating out, they buy there because those are the stores in their neighborhood..
Healthy fresh food is a lot more expensive, try to live in an inner city on very little money before you get judgmental