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Kyle G. Brown

Kyle G. Brown

Posted: September 28, 2009 03:50 PM

Beyond the Tobin Tax: End the Free Ride for the Financial Sector and Impose Fees to Revive the Economy

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Michael Moore acted out a near-universal fantasy when, in his latest film, Capitalism: A Love Story, he pulled up to a bank in a Brinks truck, stepped out, and announced to security guards: "We're here to get the money back for the American people."

As effective as it must have seemed at the time, there are ways to get our money back that don't require moneybags and get-away cars. Taxing trades in financial markets is one of them. But it's been hastily dismissed thanks to a sketchy exaggeration of the difficulties to ensue, a reluctance to take on Wall Street, and a failure to appreciate just how broke the nation is.

Let's face it, America: the rest of the world is not going to forever finance your mountainous debt, as it reaches into the stratosphere. Your health care costs will continue to soar, whatever plan you decide on. Afghanistan, Iraq and other foreign adventures won't pay for themselves. Private capital flows, though thickening, are still in short supply, and invariably fail to filter to the rest of society.

The answer is to raise capital for the public sector. A lot of it.

Like a Tobin Tax, but Better
Just weeks ago Britain's financial regulator, Adair Turner, the Chairman of the Financial Services Authority, proposed a global tax on financial transactions to curb excessive speculation and executive pay. It would go beyond the Tobin Tax on foreign currency exchanges, which the late Nobel-prize-winning economist James Tobin had recommended in the 1970s to penalize short-term speculation. The resistance that met Lord Turner's -- and indeed every such proposal -- comes predictably from apologists of unfettered finance, for whom the idea of regulation and additional fees, are anathema.

This sector of society, largely untouched by the travails of a still struggling economy, prefers that the excesses of the financial sector go unnoticed, and untaxed. But as the world of finance returns to eye-watering profits, unemployment and poverty levels are on the rise, and the national budget teeters on unsustainably narrow tax revenues.

The most reliable way to expand those revenues would be to impose a modest fee on every stock, every bond -- in short, every financial transaction. According to one study, a fee of just 0.5% would raise more than $100 billion a year, in US markets alone. That would defray health care costs, and help struggling states restore social services that have been axed over the past two years.

Making it Work
Critics opine that such a tax would be unworkable. Not so. A stamp tax of 0.5% is currently imposed on stock trades in the United Kingdom. Far from suffering from subdued trade, it's the home of the London stock exchange, one of the largest in the world.

The claim that taxing finance would drive investment elsewhere is part of Corporate America's all-purpose Anti-Tax mantra. By its logic, we shouldn't really tax anything, should we? Why tax cars or clothes? Buyers will just go elsewhere!


But unlike other taxes, this levy could be periodically altered, in the same way the Federal Reserve adjusts interest rates: according to market activity.

Most individuals or small firms make medium or long term investments -- a pension fund of $10,000 on behalf of a retiree, for example. At a rate of 0.5%, the investor would pay only $50 in fees. The tax would bear more heavily on traders, who make countless infinitesimal trades per day. As their business is based on fine margins, a tax would indeed affect profits. But because of years of falling costs and productivity gains from cutting-edge software, the impact would be minimal.

The tax would discourage excessive speculation and casino-style trades, which do little to contribute to the wider economy, and in fact tend to undermine it. Traders may be unenthusiastic about these kinds of proposals, but they're not likely to pack up and go home. There is simply too much money to be made for a half-percent dent to scare them off.

Swedish Bonds
Critics point to Sweden which, for a short time, imposed taxes on stocks and bonds before abandoning the policy. Some investors avoided fees by trading in alternative financial products. But that is the point: taxes were not applied to all financial products, so investors could trade in some, and avoid others altogether. This is why for maximum effect, all of the major financial markets would have to impose a levy across the board.

Perhaps you're thinking, "We could never tax financial transactions here." You already do. The US government imposes a tax on new equity issues, the proceeds of which finance the operations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. It's a minuscule tax to be sure, but this, and the U.K. stamp tax show a levy is not only feasible, but potentially lucrative; it could help replenish desperately dwindling public coffers.

Tax is Not a Four-Letter Word
The key would be to raise the levy to an international scale. Several countries, including France and Belgium, have already proposed or passed legislation seeking to tax financial transactions worldwide. The German Finance Minister made a similar proposal earlier this month. And at the G20 Summit, a smaller, global tax for development assistance was discussed, but omitted from the final communiqué. Such timidity cannot continue. For any plan to take flight, it would need American support. President Obama must provide it, lest millions more be abandoned by the 'jobless recovery,' and be tempted to take matters into their own hands, with Brinks trucks and moneybags.

Kyle G. Brown is a writer and journalist based in Toronto, Canada.

Follow Kyle G. Brown on Twitter: www.twitter.com/Kyle_G_Brown

Michael Moore acted out a near-universal fantasy when, in his latest film, Capitalism: A Love Story, he pulled up to a bank in a Brinks truck, stepped out, and announced to security guards: "We're her...
Michael Moore acted out a near-universal fantasy when, in his latest film, Capitalism: A Love Story, he pulled up to a bank in a Brinks truck, stepped out, and announced to security guards: "We're her...
 
 
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02:38 PM on 09/29/2009
This antiquated, retirement tax is being eliminated globally, much as the stamp tax was eliminated on newspapers a century ago. The poor and middle class are the ones that suffer this tax. I am the poor, and I hate being hated. Leave me alone. My investments will help me to achieve middle class status. Financial calculators determine that an annual 1% reduced yield will result in one third of my retirement being unrealized over a working lifetime. This proposed 0.5% tax will reduce yield more than 1% annually.
The Canadian government’s Staff of the Parliamentary Research Branch did a comprehensive study on the transaction tax in the few remaining countries that actually still have or had the tax. Conclusion of their study: “Sweden, on the other hand, appears to be a classic example of an experiment gone wrong, while Germany, like many other countries, has decided that the costs outweigh any benefits from this type of tax.”
The Independent Budget Office of New York City considered a much smaller transaction tax on just the NYSE and AMEX exchanges and it would result in net negative revenue. The higher the tax, the lower the revenue with hundreds of thousands of jobs lost, most not related to finance. There would be millions of jobs lost if all exchanges were taxed.
12:26 PM on 09/29/2009
Consider the political fallout from this tax. 180 million investors have their life savings invested in 401k's, IRA's, Mutual funds, and money mangers. Most of them are middle class and are saving for retirement.

Self directed investors will see through this "small " tax right away. They are very aware of the affect transactions costs have to their yearly returns. They question how you can charge a tax on trades and investments placed in a tax free or tax deferred account like an IRA or 401K. Obama promised no new taxes on those making under $250k. Remember Bush 1 "read my lips no new taxes"? This is a tax on their retirement accounts and life savings which will go over like a lead balloon.

It will not take very long for the passive investors (those investing via mutual funds, money mangers, pension funds) to see through selling points, like this is a tax on wall street speculators. They will find out very quickly that their returns in these funds are being being fleeced by the government to the tune of $50 billion per year and they will revolt in a major way at the ballot box. On the surface it sounds like a small tax, but when you dig a little deeper you will find these institutions make millions of transaction on behalf of their investors every year. The average mutual fund turns their portfolio over at least once every 9 months, money managers are often more active.
04:30 PM on 09/29/2009
Are traders truly using pension funds and 401k accounts to enrich themselves so heavily? Are the funds I put away being traded 100 times a day? I certainly hope not and consider this an inappropriate way to invest. I choose more conservative funds that leave my money invested in companies over the long term, valuing true investment to daily gambling.

As such, this tax would drive investors away from unhealthy day-trading and toward more stable investment. Stop trying to scare people that they would have to pay huge taxes if they engaged in safe, intelligent, stable investment.
06:59 PM on 09/29/2009
The current cost of making a trade for 2000 shares of a $50 stock (including all commissions, sec fees, exchange fees, etc) will run around $20 at a standard direct access broker.

This tax would be an addtional $500 for this single trade. If you think this is an attempt to scare people you are mistaken. These are the facts. This is more that 20 times the current cost of doing business and will fleece middle class investors retirement accounts.

If you want progressive taxes, tax people who make more at progressively higher rate and raise capital gains tax. But don't find sneaky deceptive ways to tax people in a fashion that allows you to call it something other than a tax.
12:01 AM on 09/29/2009
This .5% transaction tax, if enacted, will end the American capital markets as we know them. Currently, as much as 70% of daily volume stems from active trading. A tax of .5% would cause this volume to disappear. Why? Making only one trade per day in the amount of $50000 would result in a tax of $500 total to buy and sell. This amounts to $130,000 per year. Many active traders trade multiple times per day, such that under this scenario the active trader could easily be paying $250,000 to $500,000, or more, per year. When you stop to realize that this trade may well be made with $50,000 in capital, you then understand that in order to pay this type of tax you would have to earn better than 200%-500% on your capital just to pay the tax. The active trader will have no choice but to stop. This will cause a massive drop in volume. Less volume means less tax than currently imagined. Spreads between the bid and ask prices will widen, thus increasing costs for the remaining participants, not to mention increasing volatility because the active traders are no longer will to buy or sell. In the end this will bring an end to some of the exchanges, many of the brokers catering to active traders, and increased costs to all the remains small investors, mutual funds, and pension funds who still make trades. The miracle of the American capital markets will have been destroyed.
05:36 AM on 09/29/2009
@jp625 - this is a great critique, particular since many of the trades in derivatives that makes the American capital markets deep (and sophisticated) is the amount of socially useless trades that dominate... as Goldman Sachs CEO has already stated in Germany. After all they used their money to buy this junk, and like junk food it is a comparative advantage for the US. The US should continue to specialise in this and leave matters to the invisible hand of the market. God Forbid that useful and productive things should be done by people - that work is plebian work - and the serfs must do it. The rest must have good education and connection to pursue parasitic unproductive activities so that they can maintain their deservedly rich status...
04:15 PM on 09/29/2009
So, the miracle of American capital markets is based on near constant day/second-trading that enriches people based on casino-style business? And here i thought america was built on hard work and entrepeneurship. My mistake. It would certainly be a mistake if daytrading were abolished and people actually "invested" money in companies to help them grow.
11:44 PM on 09/28/2009
Tax the CDO'S CMBS, those type of securities related to mortgages that got us into the mess, not mom pop and retiree. No matter how small the tax sounds, it eats into the bottom line of every middle class. Whether you make or lose money in this instance. There are other ways to punish those responsible but we need to make sure the blame is put on those individuals who cuased the mess and not traders in general or wall street, it seems like a lot of AMERICAN PEOPLE and yes a lot of middle class wanted to live the upper class way, they got us into the mess and alot lost there houses and a lot kept them and got bailed out, they shouldnt have. There are plenty of countries who have tried this and saw their business flock to other countries so they either repealed the tax, or in the process of repealing.. UK is always used as an example with this tax, yes they have one but they have other ways to trade that mirror the markets and are regulated and dont have any income or any other type of tax at all, CFD'S. So its a moot point to use the UK as an example. Its time for the middle class american to stand up and take blame for something they helped cuase with their high priced loans.
11:44 PM on 09/28/2009
Well first fees would not go down, since banks and investment houses will be paying these fees, they will pass it on down to you the consumer. So we can expect fees to go up, as well as you pay the tax when you buy and sell. So elderly people with say a million dollar portfolio in todays day is not that much, say the turn it over once a year to manage things, we cannot buy an hold forver these days . You still need to manage positions, well a 1 million dollar portfilio will cost 5-10k a year in this tax in, thats a lot. So you will be heavily taxing retirees regardless if they make or lose money, plus if they make they get taxed by capital gains tax. Yes the 401ks and ira's and pensions would feel this, why should our teachers and police officers have to pay anything extra, this is Tobin Tax is a case of the taxing the middle class. Why is there so much anger at Wall Street traders them selves, cause its easy to place blame there. But if you remember credit markets froze, that was becuase a lot of irresponsible america citizens buying houses they couldnt afford, so the anger should be at those individuals not wall street traders in general, But we punsih wall street and save the irresponsible homeowners by bailing out their homes,
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Kyle G. Brown
10:37 PM on 09/28/2009
To drkazamd65:
As I wrote in the piece, the fees would be minimal.

The whole point of NOT proposing a higher income tax for example, is because a Tobin Tax would be a highly progressive and targeted levy that hits people who trade most. Typical (small) investors, and 'regular' people do not make hundreds of transactions a week, so the levy for them would be negligible.

Multiply those transactions many times over, however, and it adds up for traders who engage in the feverish speculation that threatened to topple our economies in the first place. The tax seeks to discourage hyperactivity, and raise revenue for the real economy.

I wrote the piece to lay out the case, so we do not - yet again - resort to reflex anti-tax sentiments, which have gotten us nowhere. Governments will always tax us, but without strategies like these, tax policy follows the paths of least resistance. This is why people in the finance sector have always escaped harsher measures, and those least able to pay proportionately more. The Tobin Tax would offer a much fairer alternative.

Let's think differently.
09:32 PM on 09/28/2009
I agree completely and I want to remark for the other posters: Small investors pay transaction fees to the brokers or management fees to mutual funds or whatever. It might be hidden some times but rest assured, it's ALWAYS there. A small tax will not affect these fees, I would even say, it will reduce fees or risk or both. In other words, people in the end will be getting more for their investment because the market will become more stable, easier to mange and broker services will be cheaper too.
12:40 PM on 09/29/2009
A .05% tax on 2000 shares of a $50 stock is is $500.... All current fees for this trade at a low cost direct access broker would be $20. That is over 20 times the current cost of doing business! How in the world do you think this will make services cheaper?
04:23 PM on 09/29/2009
2000 shares of a $50 stock is an investment of $100,000. I assume you specifically left that number out in order to mislead people. A tax of $500 on a $100,000 transaction doesn't seem all that excessive anymore, does it? I certainly wasn't able to invest that much this year, let alone today.

Maybe you should truly INVEST, meaning put your money in a company you believe in and keep it there. This constant trading is just gambling on which stock will rise this moment, little different than betting which number comes up on a roulette wheel.
07:24 PM on 09/28/2009
Volume on stock and bond exchanges are always highest during downturns. So you'd be taxing folks that are trying to get out of losing trades, thus having them lose even more money. Those who have pensions or 401ks would have to pay more fees via the new taxes. It simply makes no sense. If govt wants to take our money, just be straight forward about it and take it via the personal income tax.
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Mom Taught me - Question Everything - Thanks Mom!
05:07 PM on 09/28/2009
0.5% on any stock trade,... That works for me - and I do buy / sell the odd lot of stock.

Would have only cost me about $5-$10 this last year,... 'Cause I buy and hold.